OBJECTIVE: To identify fetal heart rate characteristics of patients with uterine rupture compared with successful vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) controls. METHODS: This is a case-control study. Obstetric records ...OBJECTIVE: To identify fetal heart rate characteristics of patients with uterine rupture compared with successful vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) controls. METHODS: This is a case-control study. Obstetric records of patients at the University of Washington Medical Center and Swedish Medical Center were reviewed for cases of uterine rupture. Entry criteria included operative confirmation of the diagnosis, gestational age beyond 24 weeks, presence of one or more prior low transverse uterine incisions, and availability of fetal heart tracings. Each case was matched with 3 controls randomly selected from a pool of successful VBAC deliveries at the same institution within 1 year. Three blinded independent examiners then examined fetal heart tracings. Each tracing was rated for the presence of fetal tachycardia, mild or moderate variable decelerations, severe variable decelerations, late decelerations, prolonged decelerations, fetal bradycardia, and loss of uterine tone in both the first and second stages of labor separately. RESULTS: Of the 48 uterine ruptures identified, 36 met inclusion criteria. These were matched with 100 controls. Cases showed significantly increased rates of fetal bradycardia than controls in the first stage (P < .01) and second stage (P < .01). No significant differences were noted in rates of mild or severe variable decelerations, late decel erations, prolonged decelerations, fetal tachycardia, or loss of uterine tone. CONCLUSION: Fetal bradycardia in the first and second stage is the only finding to differentiate uterine ruptures from successful VBAC patients.展开更多
Microsatellites are a ubiquitous component of the eukaryote genome and constitute one of the most popular sources of molecular markers for genetic studies. However, no data are currently available regarding microsatel...Microsatellites are a ubiquitous component of the eukaryote genome and constitute one of the most popular sources of molecular markers for genetic studies. However, no data are currently available regarding microsatellites across the entire genome in oysters, despite their importance to the aquaculture industry. We present the fi rst genome-wide investigation of microsatellites in the Pacifi c oyster Crassostrea gigas by analysis of the complete genome, resequencing, and expression data. The Pacifi c oyster genome is rich in microsatellites. A total of 604 653 repeats were identifi ed, in average of one locus per 815 base pairs(bp). A total of 12 836 genes had coding repeats, and 7 332 were expressed normally, including genes with a wide range of molecular functions. Compared with 20 different species of animals, microsatellites in the oyster genome typically exhibited 1) an intermediate overall frequency; 2) relatively uniform contents of(A)n and(C)n repeats and abundant long(C)n repeats(≥24 bp); 3) large average length of(AG)n repeats; and 4) scarcity of trinucleotide repeats. The microsatellite-fl anking regions exhibited a high degree of polymorphism with a heterozygosity rate of around 2.0%, but there was no correlation between heterozygosity and microsatellite abundance. A total of 19 462 polymorphic microsatellites were discovered, and dinucleotide repeats were the most active, with over 26% of loci found to harbor allelic variations. In all, 7 451 loci with high potential for marker development were identifi ed. Better knowledge of the microsatellites in the oyster genome will provide information for the future design of a wide range of molecular markers and contribute to further advancements in the fi eld of oyster genetics, particularly for molecular-based selection and breeding.展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE: To identify fetal heart rate characteristics of patients with uterine rupture compared with successful vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) controls. METHODS: This is a case-control study. Obstetric records of patients at the University of Washington Medical Center and Swedish Medical Center were reviewed for cases of uterine rupture. Entry criteria included operative confirmation of the diagnosis, gestational age beyond 24 weeks, presence of one or more prior low transverse uterine incisions, and availability of fetal heart tracings. Each case was matched with 3 controls randomly selected from a pool of successful VBAC deliveries at the same institution within 1 year. Three blinded independent examiners then examined fetal heart tracings. Each tracing was rated for the presence of fetal tachycardia, mild or moderate variable decelerations, severe variable decelerations, late decelerations, prolonged decelerations, fetal bradycardia, and loss of uterine tone in both the first and second stages of labor separately. RESULTS: Of the 48 uterine ruptures identified, 36 met inclusion criteria. These were matched with 100 controls. Cases showed significantly increased rates of fetal bradycardia than controls in the first stage (P < .01) and second stage (P < .01). No significant differences were noted in rates of mild or severe variable decelerations, late decel erations, prolonged decelerations, fetal tachycardia, or loss of uterine tone. CONCLUSION: Fetal bradycardia in the first and second stage is the only finding to differentiate uterine ruptures from successful VBAC patients.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2010CB126402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41206149,40730845)+3 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2012AA10A405)the Mollusc Research and Development Center,CARSthe Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Provincethe Taishan Scholars Climbing Program of Shandong Province of China
文摘Microsatellites are a ubiquitous component of the eukaryote genome and constitute one of the most popular sources of molecular markers for genetic studies. However, no data are currently available regarding microsatellites across the entire genome in oysters, despite their importance to the aquaculture industry. We present the fi rst genome-wide investigation of microsatellites in the Pacifi c oyster Crassostrea gigas by analysis of the complete genome, resequencing, and expression data. The Pacifi c oyster genome is rich in microsatellites. A total of 604 653 repeats were identifi ed, in average of one locus per 815 base pairs(bp). A total of 12 836 genes had coding repeats, and 7 332 were expressed normally, including genes with a wide range of molecular functions. Compared with 20 different species of animals, microsatellites in the oyster genome typically exhibited 1) an intermediate overall frequency; 2) relatively uniform contents of(A)n and(C)n repeats and abundant long(C)n repeats(≥24 bp); 3) large average length of(AG)n repeats; and 4) scarcity of trinucleotide repeats. The microsatellite-fl anking regions exhibited a high degree of polymorphism with a heterozygosity rate of around 2.0%, but there was no correlation between heterozygosity and microsatellite abundance. A total of 19 462 polymorphic microsatellites were discovered, and dinucleotide repeats were the most active, with over 26% of loci found to harbor allelic variations. In all, 7 451 loci with high potential for marker development were identifi ed. Better knowledge of the microsatellites in the oyster genome will provide information for the future design of a wide range of molecular markers and contribute to further advancements in the fi eld of oyster genetics, particularly for molecular-based selection and breeding.
