荒漠化重建地区土壤有机碳动态研究

土壤有机碳(Soilorganiccarbon,SOC)是反映土地荒漠化的重要指标。本研究以陕西省榆林市为例,开展小区域沙漠化重建地区SOC动态的实证研究。SOC数据来源于1982年土壤普查和2003年重复采样,土样的采集、分析和统计方法分别为土钻取土法、重铬酸钾氧化法、吸管法和面积加权法。研究结果表明:SOC含量与粗砂粒显著负相关(R=-0.50,a=0.01),与粘粒显著正相关(R=-0.45,a=0.05),20年间土壤颗粒细化趋势比较明显;20年间原始剖面、1m深和耕层SOC含量、密度和储量都有不同程度的增加,其中对人类活动最敏感的耕层土壤变化最显著,SOC含量、密度和储量分别增加了0.55g/kg,0.15kg/m2,10.07GgC。该研究结果表明防风固沙、可持续性农耕等措施会卓有成效地促进土地沙漠化的恢复和重建。

明代人口重建地区方言的知照系声母与南系官话

通过对明代人口重建地区方言的知照系声母的比较,可以发现明代南系官话庄组两分。这个格局影响了现代西南官话区、江淮官话区方言的形成,现代西南官话与江淮官话可能同源。

浅析灾后重建地区的邛笼建筑

文章通过对灾后重建地区邛笼建筑的选址分布、空间模式、建造技艺等分析,总结出邛笼建筑的特征,为了解其地域文化艺术价值提供一些线索。

利益补偿与分享机制缺失下的政策失效问题探讨——基于西北地区环境重建的分析

环境作为公共产品具有正外部性,西北地区环境重建对西北地区的发展、中东部地区甚至整个中华民族的生存环境都具有重要意义,但是由于自然和人为的原因,使西北地区难以有意愿和能力承担起环境重建的重任。中央、西北地区和中东部各级政府作为各方利益的代表,分别从自身利益出发,对不同政策下的环境重建会做出不同反应。西北地区可能会选择“不作为”,而中东部地区可能会选择“不合作”,从而导致环境重建无法有效实行。因此,利益补偿机制和利益分享机制必须相结合,使西北地区和中东部地区的各种行为都能够与中央政府决策和目标的要求相一致,以促使西北地区环境重建的顺利实施。

THOUGHTS ON CONSTRUCTING THE DEMONSTRATING AREAS OF THE ECOLOGICAL REBUILDING AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN HEXI REGION

Based on the field investigations, this paper analyzes systematically the achievements and problems of constructing the demonstrating areas of the ecological rebuilding and economic sustainable development in Hexi, Gansu Province, and then the thoughts on constructing the demonstrating areas are brought forward. It is considered that all kinds of ecological demonstrating areas should be merged in order to construct large scale characterized demonstrating areas which go beyond the district. In other words, in Hexi Region, Zhangye District should be constructed as the largest ecoagriculture demonstrating area of high technology; Wuwei District should be constructed as the largest ecological demonstrating area of agricultural comprehensive exploitation; JiuJia District, which is the shortened form of Jiuquan and Jiayuguan, should be constructed as the largest ecotourism demonstrating area; and Jinchang City should be constructed as the largest ecoindustry demonstrating area. At the same time, the constructing pattern should be selected according to the actual circumstances; science and technology should be applied to construct the demonstrating areas and accelerate the industrialization in the big market. Additionally, it is important to smooth the constructing system and implement the flexible and efficacious running mechanism, and it is suggested that the committee should be organized to administer the ecological demonstrating areas in Hexi Region.

Social Participation in the Context of the Urban Public Space Renewal： The Case of Lagarteiro Neighborhood in Oporto

In 1980, Giancarlo de Carlo wrote in the Perspecta： Yale Journal, ＂An Architecture of the Participation＂. Carlo, proposed a sequence of procedures： the problem definition, the solution and the results evaluation, in all the three steps, the social communities should be integrated in as part of a share and dynamic process. This text corresponds to a new way of understanding the importance of the social communities in the architecture definition. From de Carlo＇s text, the main goal of this paper is to present the results of an intervention in public space renewal of the Lagarteiro neighborhood （in Oporto city） and the relation of this process with the participation of the resident population. The urban context of Lagarteiro＇s neighborhood presented before the intervention the typical and classic signs of disqualification of environmental and urban peripheral areas of resettlement. The term ＂disadvantaged areas＂ is associated with these areas in urban or peri-urban case, was framed in a specific Portuguese policy, called Initiative Critical Neighborhoods. Being a recent intervention, the renewal of the public space in Lagarteiro is a complete case study that allows comprehending the participation phenomenon in nowadays, at the same time that seduces a reflexion about technical and architectural solutions for ＂critical＂ neighborhood.

Restoration of Posidonia oceanica （L.） Delile Meadows： Is There An Effective Methodology？

Since 1947 （Addy） [1, 2], marine biologists have conducted experiments in order to re-establish meadows using various methods of transplant. A 27-month experiment of germinating and growing Posidonia oceanica （L.） Delile seeds was carried out in two areas near Piombino in the Leghorn Province （Italy）. Seeds in direct contact with the sea bottom were taken from other seaside areas. The leaf growth and the percentage of well-developed plants in the study areas were calculated. The results confirm that this method appears to be a good re-establishment technique despite the problems associated with finding a large number of seeds anywhere along Mediterranean coasts.

汶川Ms 8.0地震极重灾区的经济韧性测度及恢复效率

揭示灾后经济发展状态和恢复过程,按照灾区经济韧性科学制定灾后经济重建的调控政策与恢复手段,对增强灾害防范与系统应对能力具有重要意义。以汶川地震极重灾区为案例,基于长时序社会经济面板数据与ARIMA模型,测算灾区经济韧性指数,并运用改进的规模报酬可变DEA模型、Malmquist生产率指数分析灾后年际经济恢复效率及影响效应。结果显示:①汶川地震极重灾区经济韧性指数为0.877,地震导致灾区短期经济衰退,但2年内恢复至震前水平,工业经济韧性低于农业和服务业。②受灾当年灾区经济恢复综合效率为0.603,其中,平原丘陵区综合效率、纯技术效率、规模效率均显著优于高原山地区。③灾后全要素生产率的年际波动强烈,经济恢复效率显著下降造成短期经济衰退,灾后2年TFP指数下降33.7%和15.2%后恢复至稳态。④灾后恢复效率显著下降主因为技术变动因素,而生产体系更新程度决定了灾后经济韧性。随着灾后经济恢复的规模收益下降,灾区经济恢复主要依赖纯技术效率,提升纯技术效率是保持灾后经济长期增长的动力。可见,针对重建自然条件和经济发展阶段的差异性,灾区当地需积极进行经济结构调整和再适应,同时,通过生产体系更新提升技术进步水平,以发挥灾后大规模资金、设施、人力等要素投入的规模效应,从而增强应对灾害冲击的经济韧性与恢复效率。