A first principles-based dynamic model for a continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) platforming process, the UOP commercial naphtha catalytic reforming process, is developed in this paper. The lumping details of the n...A first principles-based dynamic model for a continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) platforming process, the UOP commercial naphtha catalytic reforming process, is developed in this paper. The lumping details of the naphtha feed and reaction scheme of the reaction model are given. The process model is composed of the reforming reaction model with catalyst deactivation, the furnace model and the separator model, which is capable of capturing the major dynamics that occurs in this process system. Dynamic simulations are performed based on Gear numerical algorithm and method of lines (MOL), a numerical technique dealing with partial differential equations (PDEs). The results of simulation are also presented. Dynamic responses caused by disturbances in the process system can be correctly predicted through simulations.展开更多
The catalysts Ni/Al2O3, Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 and Ni/CuO-ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 were prepared by the co-precipitation method at a pH of 9 using Na2CO3 as the precipitant. The Ni loading(mass fraction) of the catalysts was 10%. ...The catalysts Ni/Al2O3, Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 and Ni/CuO-ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 were prepared by the co-precipitation method at a pH of 9 using Na2CO3 as the precipitant. The Ni loading(mass fraction) of the catalysts was 10%. The ignition process on the catalysts for the autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen was investigated and the surface properties of the catalysts were characterized by XPS. The results showed that the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst could not ignite the process of autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen. However, the Ni/CuO-ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst could ignite the process of autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen at lower reaction temperature(650 ℃) with the conversion of methane reaching 76%. The result of XPS analysis indicated that the promoters could change the binding energy(BE) of Ni2p3/2 obviously. The species of Cu in the Ni/CuO-ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst comprised Cu2 O and Cu2+. The formation of ZrO2-CeO2 solid solution and a large amount of Cu2 O might be the reason leading to good oxygen storage capacity and mobility of lattice oxygen of the Ni/CuO-ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst, which could ignite the process of autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen at lower reaction temperature.展开更多
This article relates and reflects on my teaching experience spanning from spring 2009 through spring 2013, when I was engaged in constructing and reconstructing a course called ＂Reading Bestsellers.＂ Principles were...This article relates and reflects on my teaching experience spanning from spring 2009 through spring 2013, when I was engaged in constructing and reconstructing a course called ＂Reading Bestsellers.＂ Principles were altered for the course design virtually each semester, starting from an attempt to offer variety in readings, undergoing a plan to downsize the reading list for neatness, and then a challenge to seek a balance between fiction and nonfiction. Despite the change of the principles, one principle has remained unchanged-the overarching principle of trial and error. Given this general guidance, I have reconstructed the course with a choice of high-end bestsellers. I have become aware that there should have been less concern about the boundaries between fiction and nonfiction than about the need to defy narrow categorization whenever necessary. Academic neatness may be desirable but impossible to tackle in-between intricacy, which proves to be the essence of life, and for that matter, the very essence of literature.展开更多
文摘A first principles-based dynamic model for a continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) platforming process, the UOP commercial naphtha catalytic reforming process, is developed in this paper. The lumping details of the naphtha feed and reaction scheme of the reaction model are given. The process model is composed of the reforming reaction model with catalyst deactivation, the furnace model and the separator model, which is capable of capturing the major dynamics that occurs in this process system. Dynamic simulations are performed based on Gear numerical algorithm and method of lines (MOL), a numerical technique dealing with partial differential equations (PDEs). The results of simulation are also presented. Dynamic responses caused by disturbances in the process system can be correctly predicted through simulations.
基金supported by the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (030514)the Science and Technology Plan of Guangdong Province of China (2004B33401006)the Doctoral Startup Foundation of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
文摘The catalysts Ni/Al2O3, Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 and Ni/CuO-ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 were prepared by the co-precipitation method at a pH of 9 using Na2CO3 as the precipitant. The Ni loading(mass fraction) of the catalysts was 10%. The ignition process on the catalysts for the autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen was investigated and the surface properties of the catalysts were characterized by XPS. The results showed that the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst could not ignite the process of autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen. However, the Ni/CuO-ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst could ignite the process of autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen at lower reaction temperature(650 ℃) with the conversion of methane reaching 76%. The result of XPS analysis indicated that the promoters could change the binding energy(BE) of Ni2p3/2 obviously. The species of Cu in the Ni/CuO-ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst comprised Cu2 O and Cu2+. The formation of ZrO2-CeO2 solid solution and a large amount of Cu2 O might be the reason leading to good oxygen storage capacity and mobility of lattice oxygen of the Ni/CuO-ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst, which could ignite the process of autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen at lower reaction temperature.
文摘This article relates and reflects on my teaching experience spanning from spring 2009 through spring 2013, when I was engaged in constructing and reconstructing a course called ＂Reading Bestsellers.＂ Principles were altered for the course design virtually each semester, starting from an attempt to offer variety in readings, undergoing a plan to downsize the reading list for neatness, and then a challenge to seek a balance between fiction and nonfiction. Despite the change of the principles, one principle has remained unchanged-the overarching principle of trial and error. Given this general guidance, I have reconstructed the course with a choice of high-end bestsellers. I have become aware that there should have been less concern about the boundaries between fiction and nonfiction than about the need to defy narrow categorization whenever necessary. Academic neatness may be desirable but impossible to tackle in-between intricacy, which proves to be the essence of life, and for that matter, the very essence of literature.
