山椒鱼与重松:井伏鳟二文学经典人物形象阐释

井伏鳟二被称为日本文坛的"常青树",中日两国对其研究主要聚焦于其前期代表作《山椒鱼》和后期代表作《黑雨》。本文通过分析原文文本,对比这两部作品的主人公形象,因为他们作为井伏文学的经典人物形象,分别代表了战前日本社会苦闷的年轻人和战后日本社会底层百姓群体。同样作为普通小人物,幼稚、孤绝、苦闷、幽闭、感性的山椒鱼和成熟、宽容、乐观、积极、理性的重松形成了鲜明对比,他们的形象既折射了当时日本社会底层百姓的生存现状,又反映了作者本人的创作思考因现实而改变的变化历程,同时引发中国读者思考文学的民族性这一问题。

Comprehensive ecological risk assessment for heavy metal pollutions in three phases in rivers

Literature lacked in providing a comprehensive research on heavy metal detection in aquatic, biological and sedimentary states of rivers. The present study was imparted with all these three components of the river. Heavy metal toxicity or pollution index was used as a tool for ecological risk assessment by considering the single state studies conducted by many researchers. An intensive ecological risk assessment model was constructed and heavy metals were indicated as a serious threat to the environment. The model was applied to determining five toxic heavy metals in three states of the Songhua River. According to the ecological risk index, heavy metal pollution in three phases was categorized as aquatic〉biological〉sedimentary, while the overall descending order of heavy metal ecological risk index was as Cd〉Hg〉As〉Pb〉Cr. Cd and Hg were selected as the priority pollutants of Songhua River.

Ectomycorrhizal Fungus-Induced Changes of Cu and Cd Speciation in the Rhizosphere of Chinese Pine Seedlings

To understand the role of ectomycorrhizas in improving the tolerance of its host to excessive heavy metals in soil, this study was conducted to exam the patterns of four fractions (the exchangeable, the carbonate-bound, the Fe-Mn oxide- bound and the organically bound) of both Cu and Cd in the rhizosphere of Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) seedlings grown in excessive Cu and Cd environment. The results showed that the speciation of Cu and Cd in the rhizosphere was significantly influenced by inoculation of ectomycorrhizal fungus Boletus edulis. Compared to the rhizosphere, the content of exchangeable Cu slightly decreased in the mycorrhizosphere of the seedlings grown in 166 and 400 mg kg-1 Cu contaminated soil, whereas the exchangeable Cd in the mycorrhizosphere decreased remarkably to only 33% and to 60% that of the rhizosphere at 0.75 and 1.50 mg kg-1 Cd levels, respectively. These indicate the potential capacity of mycorrhizas to alleviate the damage of heavy metals to the host plants by reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. Distribution of the 4 tested fractions of Cu and Cd at different contamination levels showed that there was a strong tendency of changing from loosely associated fractions to strongly associated fractions in the mycorrhizosphere. The most stable Cd fraction, organically bound Cd, was significantly larger in the mycorrhizosphere than in the rhizosphere at different Cd contamination levels. This phenomenon was also observed for Cu but the difference was not statistically significant.

Geochemical Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Riparian Sediment Pore Water of Songhua River, Northeast China

This study reports the geochemical characteristics of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in the riparian sediment pore water of the Songhua River, Northeast China. In total, 36 pore water samples and 18 surface water samples from three typical sections were collected and analyzed in June 2009. Cluster analysis of heavy metals was performed to analyze the pollution sources of the metals. Results showed that Hg concentrations in the pore water were greater than those in the surface water, indicating a potential ability of Hg release from riparian sediment system to river water. However, concentrations of Fe and Mn in the surface water were greater than those in the pore water, demonstrating that the microenvironments of riparian and riverbed sediment systems were quite different. Variations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni between the surface and the pore water were different in each section. Most metals had similar horizontal and profile distribution characteristics in the three sections except for Zn and Ni. Hg, Fe and Mn concentrations in the pore water increased gradually with the increase in horizontal distance from water body, in contrast to this, Cu decreased, and Pb presented a fluctuating trend. With the increase in depth, Pb and Fe, Cu and Mn showed the same trends, and Hg showed a variable trend. The above distribution characteristics could mainly be attributed to the properties and the interactions of metals, pH and oxidation-reduction conditions, and the complex pollution sources and hydrologic regime in history. The probable sources of metals include the historical and ongoing discharge of industrial wastewater, mining activities, sewage irrigation for agricultural production, and atmospheric deposition from coal-fired plants.

Pyrolysis and combustion kinetics of lycopodium particles in thermogravimetric analysis

Biomass is a kind of renewable energy which is used increasingly in different types of combustion systems or in the production of fuels like bio-oil. Lycopodium is a cellulosic particle, with good combustion properties, of which microscopic images show that these particles have spherical shapes with identical diameters of 31 μm. The measured density of these particles is 1.0779 g/cm2. Lycopodium particles contain 64.06% carbon, 25.56% oxygen, 8.55% hydrogen and 1.83% nitrogen, and no sulfur. Thermogravimetric analysis in the nitrogen environment indicates that the maximum of particle mass reduction occurs in the temperature range of 250-550 ℃ where the maximum mass reduction in the DTG diagrams also occurs in. In the oxygen environment, an additional peak can also be observed in the temperature range of 500-600 ℃, which points to solid phase combustion and ignition temperature of lycopodium particles. The kinetics of reactions is determined by curve fitting and minimization of error.

Statistical Behaviors of Quantum Spectra in Superheavy Nuclei

From the point of view of the interplay between order and chaos, the most regular single-particle motion of neutrons has been found in the superheavy system with and based on the Skyrme–Hartree–Fock model and in the system with and based on the relativistic mean-field model. It has been shown that the statistical analysis of spectra can give valuable information about the stability of suprheavy systems. In addition it may yield deep insight into the single-particle motion in the mean field formed by the superheavy system.

Analysis of Urbanization Based on Center-of-gravity Movement and Characteristics in Songhua River Basin of China and its Southern Source Sub-basin between 1990 and 2010

Urbanization in modern times led to a series of development strategies that brought new opportunities in China. Rapid urbanization caused severe stress to the ecosystems and the environment. Using the center-of-gravity(COG) method and parameters such as population, economy, and land, we studied the urbanization pattern in Songhua River Basin and its southern source sub-basin from 1990 to 2010. Urbanization was analyzed based on the COG position, eccentric distance, movement direction of COG, and distance of COG movement. Various characteristics of urbanization in the southern source sub-basin of the Songhua River were explained in relation to the whole Songhua River Basin. Urbanization in the southern source sub-basin of the Songhua River is balanced, relatively advanced, and stable compared to the whole Songhua River Basin. The average eccentric distance between the urbanization COGs in the Songhua River′s south source basin indicated rapid expansion of land urbanization during the span of this study. A basic pattern of urbanization COG in the whole Songhua Basin was observed, but there existed differences among the three aspects of urbanization process. Land urbanization is still in its active stage, so future studies should focus on analysis of such urbanization trends.

Mechanism study on the effect of different surfactants on dissolution rate of recrystallized prednisolone in various concentrations

The effects of re-crystallization of prednisolone as a poorly water-soluble drug in aqueous surfactant solutions on its dissolution rate were investigated. A significant enhancement was observed for crystal dissolution rate in hydrophilic surfactants such as tween 80 and sodium lauryl sulfate （SLS）. Differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） indicated the existence of both form Ⅰ and Ⅱ ofprednisolone in SLS treated crystals. The FT-IR results also showed that, only form Ⅱ could be detected in prednisolone crystals without surfactant and prednisolone form Ⅲ was produced in tween 80 treated crystals. These results were also confirmed by X-ray （XRD） diffraction and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. In general, the results indicated that the presence of hydrophilic surfactants could generate forms Ⅱ and Ⅲ of the crystals. These forms would give rlse to the increase of prednisolone＇s dissolution rate owing to their physicochemical instability and more hydrophilic property in comparison with stable polymorph of form Ⅰ.

The Effect of Age and Markers of Obesity on Bone Density in Iraqi Postmenopausal Women

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a low bone mineral density and structural deterioration of bone tissue. Leptin is considered to play a role in the maintenance of energy balance and body weight. Weight and body mass index are associated with low bone mineral density with high serum leptin concentration in older women. The study is designed to elucidate the impact of age and BMI （Body Mass Index） on osteoporotic patients （Iraqi postmenopausal women） and the functional role of leptin in those patients. A total of 72 patients divided into three groups according to BMI and two groups according to age： BMD （bone mineral density）, T-score and serum leptin concentration increased as BMI increased, while with increased age, BMD and T-score deceased and serum leptin concentration increased. There is a significant difference of BMD and T-score in BMI （25-30） group and BMI （〉 30） group from that in BMI （〈 25） group. In conclusions： Both age and BMI have an impact on osteoporosis although age shows more impact on the severity of the disease than does BMI. Studying the direct impact of leptin on BMD may open the way in using new methods in treating and preventing the osteoporosis in patients with risk factors.

快跑,乌拉拉

纵然是菜花也要盛开,纵然是沙丁鱼也要遨游,一匹败绩连连的马,却有着认真、不服输的心。乌拉拉是一匹枣红马,看它比赛,常常令日本人想哭。马出身名门,血性十足,奈何天赋欠佳,身材矮瘦,打稚龄就不被看重,主人对它的栽培,皆逊于高大精壮的同伴。

禁忌话题 另类日片

日本电影最近又有复苏气象,可在台湾角川电影展上备受关注的几部影片却都是有关凶杀、鬼怪以及富有争议的婚外恋内容,让我们抢先目睹一下吧!

Effects of recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) on experimental osteoporotic fracture healing

Objective:: To observe the effect of recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) on osteoporotic fracture healing in rats, and to provide an effective therapy for osteoporotic fracture. Methods: Thirty-six female 8-month-old SD rats were randomized into two groups: therapy group and control group. After the experimental model of osteoporotic fracture was established, the therapy group was treated with r-hGH of 2.7 mg/kg body weigh/day (1 mg=3 IU) for 10 days continuously by daily subcutaneous injection; whereas the control group was treated with equivalent saline. Plasma insulin-like growth factor I concentration was detected and bone mineral density (BMD) as well as biomechanical strength of callus were measured at 2, 4, 8 weeks. Results: Plasma insulin-like growth factor I concentration in the therapy group was higher than that in the control group (P< 0.005 ) at 2nd week and began to decline at 4th week. At 8th week, there was no significant difference between the two groups. At 4th week, callus area and BMD in therapy group were higher than those in the control group, but at 8th week, they were lower and BMD had a significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.001 ). Biomechanical testing of callus showed that torsional strength of the therapy group was higher than that of the control group at 4th or 8th week, meanwhile maximum torsional angle had a significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.005 ).Conclusions: The results show that exogenous r-hGH can stimulate osteoporotic fracture healing in rats.