CRRT对重症急性胰腺炎患者脂联素TNF-α和CRP的影响

目的探讨重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者脂联素、TNF-α和CRP水平的变化特点及连续性肾脏替代疗法（CRRT）对其影响。方法按照平行对照设计原理，将所有66例患者分为对照组和CRRT组。对两组患者的相关临床资料及脂联素、TNF-α和CRP水平进行比较。结果与CRRT组患者比较，对照组患者第1天TNF-α和CRP水平均明显升高（均P〈0．05），脂联素水平明显降低（P〈0．05）；与CRRT组患者比较，对照组患者第2、3天TNF-α和CRP水平均明显升高（均P〈0．01），脂联素水平明显降低（均P〈0．01）；治疗前两组患者脂联素、TNF-α和CRP水平，差异无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）；在年龄、性别、APACHEII评分等方面两组差异无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论CRRT能通过降低TNF-α和CRP水平及升高脂联素水平，对SAP患者起到较好的治疗作用。

重症急性胰腺炎的早期危险因素—血液浓缩

目的 研究血液浓缩能否作为急性坏死性胰腺炎和多器官功能不全综合征 (MODS)的早期预测指标。方法 1997～ 2 0 0 0年住院的急性胰腺炎病人 ,分轻重两型进行比较。胰腺坏死的诊断根据临床表现、增强CT扫描或术中典型改变。结果 符合要求者 115例 ,48例为重症 ,Logistic回归确定 ,入院时对红细胞压积 (HCT)≥43%和 (或 )入院至 2 4h未见下降可作为预测重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)的最好指标。入院时 ,坏死型胰腺炎病人HCT≥ 43%的比例显著高于间质型胰腺炎 (36 /4 8∶11/6 7;P <0 0 0 1)。 9例并发多器官功能不全者中 7例HCT≥ 43% ,而 10 6例未发生多器官功能不全者中有 40例HCT≥ 43% (P <0 .0 5 )。 2 4h两指标预测SAP的敏感性 ,特异性及阴性预测值分别为 81 2 % ,79 1%和 78 5 %。结论 入院HCT≥ 43%或入院至 2

重症急性胰腺炎胰腺感染的综合性预防及治疗

目的 探讨重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)继发胰腺感染的综合预防措施及治疗。方法 本组 2 2 3例SAP均先行非手术治疗 ,采取促进胃肠道功能的恢复、应用抗生素、抗休克、预防多器官组织低灌注及低氧血症等多种措施预防胰腺感染。 1990～ 1994年 ,将胰腺感染作为手术指征并立即进行手术 ;1995～ 1999年 ,加强对胰腺感染的预防 ,特别注意早期促进胃肠道功能的恢复。延期手术 ,将晚期局限性胰腺感染作为手术指征。结果 本组 2 2 3例SAP中发生胰腺感染 2 3例 ( 10 3 % )。两个阶段的胰腺感染率分别为 12 4 %及 8 7%。胰腺感染局限者的病死率为 8% ( 1/ 13 ) ,低于胰腺感染未局限者的 5 0 % ( 5 / 10 ) ,P =0 0 3 5。结论 积极、有效的综合性预防措施及延期手术治疗有助于降低SAP继发性胰腺感染率及胰腺感染的病死率。

Present and future of prophylactic antibiotics for severe acute pancreatitis

AIM: To investigate the role of prophylactic antibiotics in the reduction of mortality of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients, which is highly questioned by more and more randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and metaanalyses. METHODS: An updated meta-analysis was performed. RCTs comparing prophylactic antibiotics for SAP with control or placebo were included for meta-analysis. The mortality outcomes were pooled for estimation, and re-pooled estimation was performed by the sensitivity analysis of an ideal large-scale RCT. RESULTS: Currently available 11 RCTs were included. Subgroup analysis showed that there was significant reduction of mortality rate in the period before 2000, while no significant reduction in the period from 2000 [Risk Ratio, (RR ) = 1.01, P = 0.98]. Funnel plot indi-cated that there might be apparent publication bias in the period before 2000. Sensitivity analysis showed that the RR of mortality rate ranged from 0.77 to 1.00 with a relatively narrow confidence interval (P < 0.05). However, the number needed to treat having a minor lower limit of the range (7-5096 patients) implied that certain SAP patients could still potentially prevent death by antibiotic prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: Current evidences do not support prophylactic antibiotics as a routine treatment for SAP, but the potentially benefited sub-population requires further investigations.

Melatonin attenuates acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury in rats by modulating interleukin 22

AIM： To investigate whether therapeutic treatment with melatonin could protect rats against acute pan- creatitis and its associated lung injury. METHODS： Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups： the sham op- eration （SO）, severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）, and mel- atonin treatment （MT） groups. Acute pancreatitis was induced by infusion of 1 mL/kg of sodium taurocholate （4% solution） into the biliopancreatic duct. Melatonin （50 mg/kg） was administered 30 min before pancre- atitis was induced, and the severity of pancreatic and pulmonary injuries was evaluated 1, 4 and 8 h after induction. Serum samples were collected to measure amylase activities, and lung tissues were removed to measure levels of mRNAs encoding interleukin 22 （IL-22） and T helper cell 22 （Th22）, as well as levels of IL-22.ing IL-22 and Th22 were significantly higher （P 〈 0.001） in the MT group than in the SAP group （0.526 ± 0.143 vs 0.156 ± 0.027, respectively, here and throughout, after 1 h; 0.489 ± 0.150 vs 0.113 ± 0.014 after 4 h; 0.524 ± 0.168 vs 0.069 ± 0.013 after 8 h, 0.378 ± 0.134 vs 0.122 ± 0.015 after 1 h; 0.205 ± 0.041 vs 0.076 ± 0.019 after 4 h; 0.302 ± 0.108 vs 0.045 ± 0.013 after 8 h, respectively） and significantly lower （P 〈 0.001） in the SAP group than in the SO group （0.156 ± 0.027 vs 1.000 ± 0.010 after 1 h; 0.113 ± 0.014 vs 1.041 ± 0.235 after 4 h; 0.069 ± 0.013 vs 1.110 ± 0.213 after 8 h, 0.122 ± 0.015 vs 1.000 ± 0.188 after 1 h; 0.076 ± 0.019 vs 0.899 ± 0.125 after 4 h; 0.045 ± 0.013 vs 0.991 ± 0.222 after 8 h, respectively）. The mean pathologi- cal scores for pancreatic tissues in the MT group were significantly higher （P 〈 0.01） than those for samples in the SO group （1.088 ± 0.187 vs 0.488 ± 0.183 after 1 h, 2.450 ± 0.212 vs 0.469 ± 0.242 after 4 h; 4.994 ± 0.184 vs 0.513 ± 0.210 after 8 h）, but were significantly lower （P 〈 0.01） than those for samples in the SAP group at each time point （1.088 ± 0.187 vs 1.969 ± 0.290 after 1 h; 2.450 ± 0.212 vs 3.344 ± 0.386 after 4 h; 4.994 ± 0.184 vs 6.981 ± 0.301 after 8 h）. The severity of SAP increased significantly （P 〈 0.01） over time in the SAP group （1.088 ± 0.187 vs 2.450 ± 0.212 between 1 h and 4 h after inducing pancreatitis; and 2.450 ± 0.212 vs 4.994 ± 0.184 between 4 and 8 h after inducing pan- creatitis）. CONCLUSION： Melatonin protects rats against acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury, probably through the upregulation of IL-22 and Th22, which increases the innate immunity of tissue cells and enhances their regeneration.

Comparison of early enteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis with prebiotic fiber supplementation versus standard enteral solution:A prospective randomized double-blind study

AIM: To compare the benefi cial effects of early enteral nutrition (EN) with prebiotic fiber supplementation in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (AP).METHODS: Thirty consecutive patients with severe AP, who required stoppage of oral feeding for 48 h, were randomly assigned to nasojejunal EN with or without prebiotics. APACHE Ⅱ score, Balthazar’s CT score and CRP were assessed daily during the study period.RESULTS: The median duration of hospital stay was shorter in the study group [10 ± 4 (8-14) d vs 15 ± 6 (7-26) d] (P < 0.05). The median value of days in intensive care unit was also similar in both groups [6 ± 2 (5-8) d vs 6 ± 2 (5-7) d]. The median duration of EN was 8 ± 4 (6-12) d vs 10 ± 4 (6-13) d in the study and control groups, respectively (P > 0.05). Deaths occurred in 6 patients (20%), 2 in the study group and 4 in the control group. The mean duration of APACHE Ⅱ normalization (APACHE Ⅱ score < 8) was shorter in the study group than in the control group (4 ± 2 d vs 6.5 ± 3 d, P < 0.05). The mean duration of CRP normalization was also shorter in the study group than in the control group (7 ± 2 d vs 10 ± 3 d, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Nasojejunal EN with prebiotic fiber supplementation in severe AP improves hospital stay, duration nutrition therapy, acute phase response and overall complications compared to standard EN therapy.