侯方域民族气节重议

清初文学家侯方域入清参加顺治八年乡试问题 ,成为评价其气节人格的一个焦点。以封建时代对异代文人的评价标准来看 ,侯方域在明季只是一介白衣秀才 ,身不受国恩 ,名不录仕籍 ,入清参加乡试 ,不存在气节问题。侯氏虽然认为白衣秀才参加新朝的乡试 ,甚至出仕为官 ,不存在失节问题 ,但他并不愿意参加清朝的考试 ,更不愿做新朝的官 ;顺治八年乡试是侯氏在强大的政治压力下 ,为保全父亲 ,在忠孝不能两全的情况下所作的违心选择 ;这次乡试 ,表面看是向新朝屈服 ,实际是一次消极迂回的抗争 ,他以不把试卷做完的方式 ,拒绝了与清朝的合作 ;但这次乡试毕竟违背了他的初衷 ,使他高傲的灵魂受到伤害 ,不三年即抑郁而死。人类社会进入21世纪的今天 ,对封建时代文人的评价 ,不能再囿于封建的道德标准 ,以“忠君”、忠于一姓王朝、大汉族主义等狭隘民族爱国思想作为评判人格的尺度 ;

“吐蕃”词源及其名义问题重议

一个千年不解之“谜” 我国唐代历史上,曾经出现过一个强大的“吐蕃”王国,它的强盛时期,领有今日西藏,青海全部和四川、云南、新疆、甘肃的许多地区,在唐代历史上造成了“西为大蕃,东实巨唐”的局面。这个起源于西藏雅隆地区的政权,何以能在很短时间内攻并四邻统一全藏,进而攻占白兰、党项、吐谷浑,兵锋北抵天山,使于阗、且未亡国,南下云贵迫六诏就范?自然有其政治、经济、乃至社会的种种原因。

弱者中的强者——重议阿Q和阿Q主义

本文从三个方面来论述了阿Q是弱者中的强者:一是阿Q身上所带有的阿Q主义(即精神胜利法),而这种阿Q主义是弱者在暂时不能打倒强大的对手时用以保持心理平衡以便生存下去的精神支柱;二是在未庄社会里,阿Q首先觉醒,敢于向吴妈求爱;三是阿Q是未庄社会里首先向往革命并在行动上积极去寻找革命党的贫苦农民。阿Q比鲁迅笔下的其他贫苦农民如小D、吴妈、王胡、闰土、七斤、祥林嫂都先进。

胡适《尝试集》重议

(一) 一九一八年一月, 《新青年》四卷一号刊登了胡适、沈尹默、刘半农的白话诗九首,这是在“五四”前夕“文学革命”口号提出后首先出现的新文学作品。过了两年,即一九二○年,胡适的《尝试集》初版问世,这是中国现代文学史上出现的第一部新诗集。集名“尝试”,是胡适反陆游的诗句“尝试成功自古无”之意,主张“

重议马克思主义宗教观应该如何与时俱进

宗教作为人类社会中一种历史悠久的复杂现象,向来争议很大。在当代中国,如何发展马克思主义宗教观从而更好地积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应就成为学界的热点问题。马克思主义宗教观需要与时俱进,这一点基本上是没有争议的,但如何与时俱进则有很大争议。

重议评点派——《八家评批红楼梦》序

红学史上的评点派及其他《红楼梦》从它诞生至今,已经有二百多年的历史了。大家知道,对《红楼梦》的评论差不多是与《红楼梦》的创作同时进行的,这就是众所周知的脂砚斋评。现存十一种《红楼梦》早期抄本中,只有郑振铎藏本(只存二回)和舒元炜叙本不带评语,其余的九种抄本都是有脂评的。还有一种一度出而复失的南京靖氏藏本,也是一个有大量脂评的本子。由此可见。

智永怀仁二帖重议

隋唐以来,擅长书法的僧人屡见不鲜。如隋僧智永、智果,唐僧辨才、怀仁、怀素、高闲、贯休、亚栖、勤行、温古、无作、无可等,或者名标书史,或有书迹传世。此外,尚有一些名不见经传的和尚,他们大都以精于行、草书而蜚声当时,留芳后世。这一派书法递相授受,多标榜王羲之嫡系真传。个中代表尤以智永《真草书千字文》与怀仁《集王书圣教序》驰名古今,享誉中外。

我见其大、继往开来:冯其庸的红学研究——当代学人的红学研究综论之九

冯其庸新时期红学批评观点和思想较为集中地体现在《论红楼梦思想》、《重校〈八家评批红楼梦〉》、《瓜饭楼重校评批红楼梦》、《解梦集》等著作之中。冯其庸认为红学需要深化研究,即对《红楼梦》的思想、艺术内涵进行深入的研究,他的曹雪芹《红楼梦》思想与艺术研究以及《红楼梦》重议评点派等方面体现了他文本深化研究的倡导。冯其庸由文献考证向文本研究拓展的学术实践不仅有益于优化《红楼梦》研究的基本格局,而且也符合红学未来发展方向。"大哉乾坤内,吾道长悠悠",这是冯其庸执著的为人和为学的信念,也足可为同道和后来者取法:红学发展之道路漫长,取经惟诚,人能弘道。

唐以前“吐蕃”问题初探

在唐代的历史上,我国西藏地区出现了一个以松赞干布为“赞普”(首领),以“逻些”(拉萨)为中心的少数民族地方王国,汉文史料称其为“吐蕃”。近代以来,人们缅怀对促进汉、藏两大民族的团结而作出过重要贡献的唐文成公主,对她的事绩作了很多介绍,所以“吐蕃”这个名字,对于我国人民来说,并不陌生。即是国外,近年来由于藏学和东方学研究的热潮,也有许多人知道它的名字。对于这个“吐蕃”的早期情况,笔者援引汉、藏两种文字史料,曾在《藏人南来说辩伪》一文中作过介绍。前不久,我们又通过《“吐蕃”词源及其名义问题重议》一文,对“吐蕃”一词的音、义作了讨论和考证,初步的结论是:

Design of rate compatible punctured IRA codes for IR-HARQ schemes

An incremental redundancy hybrid automatic repeat- request （IR-HARQ）scheme based on irregular repeat-accumulate （IRA）codes is proposed. The design of rate compatible punctured IRA codes suitable for an IR-HARQ scheme is well formulated and efficiently solved by a linear-programming method, along with a one-dimensional approach for density evolution. Compared to IR-HARQ schemes based on turbo codes, simulation shows that the proposed IR-HARQ schemes based on IRA codes may achieve almost the same performance at a block size of 1 024, but better throughput at a block size of 4 096. The advantages of the proposed scheme in implementation, including decoding complexity and parallelism, make it more attractive in practice than the IR-HARQ schemes based on both turbo and LDPC codes.

向封建统治者敲起警钟

白居易的《长恨歌》是唐代文学宝库中的珍品,然而对于它的主题思想及评价认识极不一致。解放以后学术界展开过几次热烈的争论,但对这个问题的看法分歧还很大。去年各种刊物发表的文章,如:张安祖同志的《关于<长恨歌>的新探索》(《文学评论丛刊》第五辑)、王拾遗同志的《论<长情歌>的主题思想》(《宁夏大学学报》八○年第二期)、张红同志的《<长恨歌>主题重议》(《南开大学学报》八○年第六期)、王景霓同志的《<长恨歌>主题试论》(《学术研究》八○年第六期)等,就是各执一说。为了展开学术争鸣,活跃学术空气,我院中文系七七级学生结合古典文学课的学习,在教师指导下,对《长恨歌》的主题等问题,进行了一次热烈的讨论。讨论的过程中,同学们阅读了不少材料,进行了比较深入的研究。他们把阅读研究的心得写成文章,这里选择了六篇有一定代表性的文章发表于后,以期引起更深入的研究与讨论,也期望我院的学术空气更加活跃。

Improved Multipartite Quantum Secret Sharing Protocol Using Preshared Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger States

Inspired by the protocol presented by Bagherinezhad and Karimipour[Phys.Rev.A 67(2003) 044302], which will be shown to be insecure,we present a multipartite quantum secret sharing protocol using reusable GreenbergerHorne -Zeilinger(GHZ) states.This protocol is robust against eavesdropping and could be used for the circumstance of many parties.

Quality control of ultrasonic measurement of carotid artery intima-media thickness

Background To report quality control methods and baseline reproducibility data of the ultrasound measurements of carotid artery intima-media thickness in the project of Establishment of an Integrated System for Coronary Heart Disease Prevention and Treatment. Methods Standard ultrasound scanning and measuring protocols were established by the study group. All sonographers and readers were trained by the carotid ultrasound core lab and all digital ultrasound images were centrally read. Ten subjects were scanned twice （with 1 week interval） by 2 sonographers independently and images were read by a single reader to evaluate the sonographer variability. Twenty subjects＇ images were read twice （with 1 week interval） by a single reader to assess the reader variability and the reproducibility of IMT measured at different carotid segments. Results The intraclass correlation （ICC） of intra- and inter-sonographer and intra- reader for mean IMT measurements was 0.99, 0.98 and 0.97 respectively; while for max IMT, it was 0.97, 0.99 and 0.95 respectively. Among different carotid segments and sites, ICC for mean 1MT measurements of common carotid （CCA）, carotid artery bulb （Bulb）, internal carotid artery （ICA）, overall near wall and overall far wall was 0.97, 0.99, 0.89, 0.93 and 0.98 respectively. Conclusion The reproducibility of IMT measurements according to our protocol is acceptable, although better reproducibility is found when measuring the mean IMT than max IMT, CCA and Bulb IMT than ICA IMT, and far wall IMT than near wall IMT.

Tribal Councils as a Decision-Making Mechanism for Post-disaster Reconstructions： A Case Study of Ulaljuc

Since the 1990s, indigenous people in Taiwan have engaged in tribal councils for the purpose of integrating the tribal authority and the modern administrative system. The establishment of tribal councils provides a communicative forum for tribal leaders, village, and the association of community development to make decisions of common tribal affairs. When disasters happen, the internal tribal response strategies and external assistance mechanisms might cooperate through either traditional or modern administrative systems. The research focused on how these organizations, while in interim housing, influenced the reconstruction and rehabilitation after disasters. The research＇s findings suggested that tribal councils, a pre-existing mechanism, seemed to be an appropriate forum for negotiation and decision-making for tribal affairs.

Quantum Secure Direct Communication and Quantum Sealed-Bid Auction with EPR Pairs

I present a new protocol for three-party quantum secure direct communication （QSDC） with a set of ordered M Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen （EPR） pairs. In the scheme, by performing two unitary operations and Bell state measurements, it is shown that the three legitimate parties can exchange their respective secret message simultaneously. Then I modify it for an experimentally feasible and secure quantum sealed-bid auction （QSBD） protocol. Furthermore, I also analyze th^ecurity of the protocol, and the scheme is proven to be secure against the intercept-and-resend attack, the disturbancb attack and the entangled-and-measure attack.

Modeling TCP performance with proxy and ARQ

TCP/IP is a next generation key technology in the wireless communication network where the different characteristics of wireless and wired links result in performance degradation. We can use the proxy and automatic repeat request (ARQ) schemes to deal with this problem. In this work, we investigate the TCP performance over proxy and ARQ in the wireless network. Our analysis results showed that using the proxy can result in lower transfer latency and higher throughput and that ARQ can decrease the loss rate of wireless link and improve the performance with little additional latency. The analytical results were validated against simulations using the NS-2 with some more realistic parameters.

A New Solution to Detectable Byzantine Agreement Problem

We present a new quantum protocol for solving detectable Byzantine agreement problem between threeparties by employing one quantum key distribution protocol.The protocol is suggested by a special four-qubit entangledstate instead of singlet states,which shows that singlet states are not necessary to achieve detectable Byzantine agreement.

Speed aware self-adapting and reconfigurable routing mechanism in MANET

A self-adapting and reconfigurable routing mechanism is proposed according to the average moving speed of the nodes in mobile ad hoc network （MANET）. This mechanism is based on the perception of moving speed and a predesigned selection metric to choose the optimal routing protocol. The routing evaluation and selection metric is derived by OPNET simulations. AODV and OLSR are used as the example to show the process of this mechanism with the moving speed varying. The routing protocol can be configured without central configuration and human management. Besides, the overhead of the mechanism is reasonable and doesnot affect the quality of service （QoS） of the traffic in the network. Results show that the optimal routing protocol can be configured adaptively according to the speed so that better performance than end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio. a specific protocol can be obtained in terms of

国际借贷中的国别风险分析

近年来,从事国际借贷业务的西方银行普遍开始注重国别风险分析,其背景无非是国际金融局势动荡不安,债务危机此起彼伏,仅以债务重议为例,七十年代里,全世界每年平均只有三次债务重议事件,而1984年一年中就发生了三十一起债务重议。在国际借贷风险变大的情况下,有效的国别风险分析能够帮助银行作出正确谨慎的贷款决策,从而成为国际商务中的一项重要技术。