植物-微生物联合修复重金属污染废水的研究

选用水生鸢尾、筛选耐重金属菌株,采用植物-微生物联合修复重金属污染废水,考察了温度、重金属初始浓度、pH值对重金属镉、镍、汞去除率的影响.结果表明,在温度为25℃、pH值为7.0的最佳条件下,对重金属初始浓度为300mg·L^(-1)的重金属污染废水进行植物-微生物联合修复,废水中镉、镍、汞去除率分别达到68%、58%、77%,处理效果较好.

工业园区重金属污染废水生物法处理技术研究

研究一种工业园区重金属污染废水生物法处理技术。分别采集四种低温细菌与四种真菌,将采集的细菌接种到四种培养基中,加入锌离子标准液,在150 r/min、30℃的条件下对菌种实施二十四小时的培养。将采集的真菌接种到四种培养基中,加入铅离子标准液,在250 r/min、50℃的条件下对菌种实施十六个小时的培养。判定最优诱变条件,使用紫外诱变处理方式对培养的四种细菌和真菌实施紫外诱变处理。筛选比较理想的菌种作为实验菌种。利用实验菌种处理某工业园区重金属污染废水,观察实验菌种的重金属吸附能力;真菌菌种对于锌离子、铅离子的吸附效果更好。

磁性生物炭对重金属污染废水处理条件优化及机理

将水稻谷壳经改性和负磁后制得磁性谷壳生物炭(BC-Fe),通过正交实验研究了pH、生物炭添加量、吸附时间和转速对磁性谷壳生物炭吸附实际污染废水中Cd^(2+)和Zn^(2+)的影响,提出了磁性谷壳生物炭作为实际污染废水处理材料的最佳操作条件,并应用于多步骤废水处理系统中,同时进行了BC-Fe的再生吸附实验.正交实验结果表明,在pH为6.0、固液比为6.0 g·L^(-1)、吸附时间为1.0 h、转速为160 r·min^(-1)的条件下,磁性谷壳生物炭对Cd^(2+)和Zn^(2+)的去除率最高,分别达到61.1%和60.4%,吸附量分别为8.6 mg·g^(-1)和21.3 mg·g^(-1).在实验所设条件下,Cd^(2+)和Zn^(2+)的综合去除效果随着pH和生物炭添加量的增加而显著升高,吸附时间和转速的影响未达显著水平.在多步骤废水处理系统中,使用CaO和Na_2S作为前处理,利用磁性谷壳生物炭二次处理,可使实际污染废水中Cd^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Pb^(2+)、Mn^(2+)、Fe^(2+)的去除率分别达到100%、99.8%、99.3%、97.8%、100%,SS降为1.0 mg·L^(-1),此时系统pH为7.5,色度为2倍,出水各项指标均达到硫酸工业污染物排放标准(GB 26132—2010)和污水综合排放标准(GB 8978—1996)的要求.再生实验表明,BC-Fe第3次吸附Cd^(2+)和Zn^(2+)的去除率分别为50.6%和49.1%,吸附材料再生性能良好.

重金属废水污染及治理技术应用探讨

重金属污染不仅影响着人们的身心健康,也影响到了社会的稳定发展。面对重金属废水污染时,应从科学的角度出发,采取有效的处理方法,实现综合治理的目标。本文针对重金属废水污染治理进行了简要阐述,以供参考。

马来酸酐改性聚乙烯醇对水体中Pb^2+的吸附行为

通过羟基的酯化反应并采用浓硫酸进行碳化处理,制备了马来酸酐改性聚乙烯醇,通过FTIR对其化学结构进行了表征,并研究了改性聚乙烯醇对水体中Pb^2+的吸附行为及重复使用性能。研究结果表明,改性后的聚乙烯醇表面基团结构发生了变化,成功引入了大量的—COOH;另外,其结构上呈现出大量的孔洞结构和更大的比表面积,使其与金属离子具有更多吸附位点和更强的络合能力。静态吸附结果表明,在吸附时间为60 min、pH为5.0、改性聚乙烯醇用量为0.10 g的条件下,改性聚乙烯醇对Pb^2+的饱和吸附量为287.3 mg/g,符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。通过吸附-脱附实验发现,马来酸酐改性聚乙烯醇吸附Pb2+时,具有良好的重复使用性能。

Sorption Kinetic Analysis for the Removal of Copper(Ⅱ) by Using Biofilm

The biosorption of copper(Ⅱ) ions onto biofilm was studied in a batch system with respect to the temperature, initial pH value and biofilm sorbent mass. The biomass exhibited the highest copper(Ⅱ) sorption capacity under the conditions of room temperature, initial pH value of 6.0 and the sorbent mass 8 g. The experimental data were analyzed using four sorption kinetic models, the pseudo-first order, the Ritchie second order, the modified second order and the Elovich equations to determine the best-fit equation for the sorption of metal ions onto biofilm. Comparing with the sum of squared-errors, the results show that both the Ritchie second order and modified second order equations can fit the experimental data very well.

Effect of loess for preventing contamination of acid mine drainage from coal waste

Acid mine drainage （AMD） that releases highly acidic, sulfate and metals-rich drainage is a serious environmental problem in coal mining areas in China. In order to study the effect of using loess for preventing AMD and controlling heavy metals contamination from coal waste, the column leaching tests were conducted. The results come from experiment data analyses show that the loess can effectively immobilize cadmium, copper, iron, lead and zinc in AMD from coal waste, increase pH value, and decrease Eh, EC, and 8024- concentrations of AMD from coal waste. The oxidation of sulfide in coal waste is prevented by addition of the loess, which favors the generation and adsorption of the alkalinity, the decrease of the population of Thiobacillusferrooxidans, the heavy metals immobilization by precipitation of sulfide and carbonate through biological sul- fate reduction inside the column, and the halt of the oxidation process of sulfide through iron coating on the surface of sulfide in coal waste. The loess can effectively prevent AMD and heavy metals contamination from coal waste in in-situ treatment systems.

Applied research of correspondence analysis method in waste tailings reservoir heavy metal pollution monitoring points optimization

In order to optimize monitoring points and monitoring factor, the relationshipbetween pollutants and soil sample were established by correspondence analysis.Thestudy results show that the reflecting monitoring points and monitoring factors in thegraphic on the same factor axis can clearly express the intrinsic link between pollutantsand monitoring points and distribution characteristics.To determine the main monitoringpoint and the main monitoring indicators can reduce and optimize the number of monitoringpoints under the premise of ensuring the typical and representative of monitoring data.Using the correlation of pollutants can reduce the number of monitoring indicators and improvethe effectiveness of data collection.

Removal of Heavy Metals （Copper, Manganese and Zinc） from Industrial Wastewater of Baiji Refinery by Granular Activated Carbon

The aim of the present work is to remove heavy metals （copper, manganese, and zinc） from industrial wastewater of Baiji refinery using GAC （granular activated carbon）. The most important factors affecting adsorption process have been studied, which are granular activated carbon thickness, H, inlet pollutant concentration, Cv, and liquid hourly space velocity, LHSV. All experiments were performed under constant temperature at 25℃ and pH = 7. The experimental apparatus was designed and constructed to enable controlling of the operating conditions. Employing five levels for each of H and LHSV and three levels for Co required 75 runs for each metal. Box-Wilson method was used to reduce the number of experiments to 15 for each metal. The results indicated that copper, manganese, and zinc can be completely removed from wastewater using activated carbon. However, breakthrough time for zinc is low. It is also shown that breakthrough time （TB） and exhaustion time （TE） are inversely proportional with pollutant concentration and LHSV （liquid hour space velocity） while it is directly proportional with the thickness of activated carbon column.