白洋淀底栖动物群落特征与重金属潜在生态风险的相关性研究

在2011年4—11月,对白洋淀表层沉积物重金属含量和底栖动物群落的时空分布特征进行了分析,探讨了重金属分布对底栖动物群落结构特征的影响,采用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法综合评价了白洋淀沉积物中重金属污染状况和潜在风险程度。结果表明,沉积物中重金属含量大小顺序为Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>As>Cd>Hg,表层沉积物中重金属的潜在生态风险处于低风险水平,综合潜在生态风险指数为17.55～62.89;各种重金属元素的单项潜在生态风险大小顺序为Hg>Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn;潜在生态风险分布也存在时空差异,就空间分布而言,生境1中最高,依次为生境2和生境3;就时间分布而言,8月最高,依次为4月和11月。同时,对白洋淀的底栖动物的群落结构也进行了调查分析,结构指标分布也存在时空差异。就空间分布而言,HBI、PTT、NDT、PC、PDT、CLI的最大值均出现在生境1,PIT、PNI、CSI的最大值出现在生境3,TR的最大值出现在生境2;就时间分布而言,HBI、PTT、TR、NDT、PNI、PC、PDT、CLI的最大值出现在8月,PIT、CSI的最大值出现在4月。并对重金属潜在生态风险及其与底栖动物生物指标的相关性进行了探讨,结果表明EriCd、EriCr、EriCu、EriPb,以及RI与NDT的相关性最显著,EriHg与CSI的相关性最显著,EriZn与CLI的相关性最显著。因此,在白洋淀重金属生态风险的生物监测中,可以考虑运用底栖动物的NDT、CLI、CSI指标。

江苏省典型稻虾养殖环境和产品重金属分布及风险评价

目的 探讨江苏地区稻田养殖小龙虾养殖环境潜在生态风险和小龙虾中重金属含量分布情况及食用安全性。方法 2022年3—6月期间对江苏省稻虾养殖示范基地9个养殖区水质、沉积物和稻虾样品进行采集,并进行重金属含量分析。采用水质综合污染指数,对稻虾养殖环境水质状况进行生态风险评价;采用潜在生态风险指数法评价稻虾养殖环境表层沉积物中重金属潜在风险;采用危害商数法来评价稻虾污染物对人体健康产生风险。结果 部分采样点水质中铜元素有超过GB 11607—1989《渔业水质标准》现象,其余4种元素均在限量值范围内。沉积物生态风险等级为低风险,镉是生态风险最大的重金属元素。部分稻虾肝胰腺砷元素有超标现象,其他4种元素均在GB2762—2017《食品安全国家标准食品污染物限量》限量值范围内,虾肉、肝胰腺中5种元素危害商数值和危害商数总和值均小于1。结论 稻虾养殖区水质整体未受到污染影响,表层沉积物生态风险较低,长期摄入稻虾虾肉、肝胰腺对人体健康风险不明显,安全性较好。

环鄱阳湖区农家菜地土壤重金属风险评价及来源分析

通过评价环鄱阳湖区10个县农家菜地土壤样品重金属的潜在生态风险,分析其与9个社会经济指标间的灰色关联度来探讨重金属的污染来源。结果显示,鄱阳湖区各菜地土壤中Cd的超标情况最严重,超标率达到90%,除部分地区Cu超标外,其余重金属均未超标。鄱阳湖区农家菜地土壤达到轻微生态风险,工业较发达地区重金属生态风险较大于工业落后地区,工业发展情况对湖区的空间污染分异有较大影响。蔬菜产量、工业发展情况、城镇化率、交通业发展情况和菜地土壤不同种重金属具有较高关联度,而地区生产总值、农药使用量对各种重金属含量的影响最弱。

Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Xiawan Port based on modified potential ecological risk index

Modified potential ecological risk index （MRI） was proposed based on the potential ecological risk index （RI） and risk assessment code （RAC） by modifying an index. The modified index was relevant to the chemical speciation of heavy metals. Xiawan Port, a typical region contaminated by industrial production, was selected as a case study area. The total concentrations and chemical speciation of heavy metals in sediments of Xiawan Port were analyzed. The experimental data indicate that Xiawan Port is seriously polluted by heavy metals, especially by Cd. The risks of heavy metals are evaluated by RI, RAC and MRI, respectively. The resluts of MRI show that the risks of heavy metals are in the decreasing order of Cd〉Pb〉Cu〉Zn. Comparison of results by different methods reveals that MRI integrates the characters of RI and RAC. MRI is recognized to be useful for risk managemnt of heavy metals in sediments.

Fractional distribution and risk assessment of heavy metal contaminated soil in vicinity of a lead/zinc mine

The pollution characteristics of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu and Ni in soil of lead-zinc mining area were studied. The results indicate that the contamination degree followed the sequence of Cd〉Pb〉Zn〉Ni〉Cu and concentrations of Pb, Cd and Zn exceeded corresponding limits of the Chinese National Soil Environmental Quality Standard III. The soil was extremely polluted by Cd（Iego=5.26）, moderately to heavily polluted by Zn（Iego=2.38）, heavily to extremely polluted by Pb（Iego=4.13）. The results of BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure show that the active Cd, Pb and Zn were relatively high and might exert adverse effects on the plants grown in the soil, while Cu and Ni existed in soil with a relatively stable form. Potential ecological risk results indicate that soils were engaging in a high potential ecological risk by pollution of Cd and should be given rise to concern.

Soil Contamination by Heavy Metals and Evaluations on Potential Ecological Risks in an Antimony Mine

To study the status of soil quality in an antimony mine, soil samples were collected from different regions and the elements＇ contents of Sb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, Ni and As were analyzed using single factor pollution index, Nemerow index and potential ecological risk index. The heavy metal contamination of soils were evaluated. The results showed that Nemerow index for each sampled point was less than 0.7, meaning a clean state. When potential ecological risk assessment was conducted, the sampled point was less than 150, belonging to light pollution.

Potential Ecological Risks of Heavy Metals in Soils of Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone

In this research, soil samples were collected from Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone to investigate heavy metal pollutions in this region and to evaluate the potential ecological risks of heavy metal pollutants based on Hakanson Potential Ecological Risk Indexes. According to the results, Hg was the primary heavy metal pollutant in Blue Economic Zone, followed by Cd, Cu, and Pb as prevalent pollutants. Heavy metals ranked in order of their pollution degrees are: Hg>Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr>As;the potential ecological risks of heavy metals follow the order of Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn. Heavy metal pollutions did exist in this region to a certain extent, and the percentage of potential ecological risk in “strong” and “severe” degree reached up to 13.75%. This composite risk characteristic was subject to the restriction of Hg and Cd mainly distributed in Laizhou-Zhaoyuan- Yantai, Muping-Rushan Goldmine, and other densely-populated regions, threatening the safety production of crops. The combined effects of geological background and human activities, e.g. gold mining and domestic pollutants, were the main causes of high potential ecological risks of heavy metals in local environment.