一株耐酸耐铜细菌的选育及其吸附铜离子的特性

从某铜矿选矿废水中筛选分离出一株在强酸性条件下对铜去除能力较高的菌株Z-1,经鉴定为克雷伯氏杆菌.考察了碳源、氮源、pH、温度、吸附时间、投菌量等因素对菌株Z-1生长量及吸附Cu2+的影响.结果表明,菌株Z-1的最佳碳源为乙酸钠,其最佳用量为3 g.L-1;最佳氮源为硫酸铵,最佳用量为1.2 g.L-1.在投菌量为4 g.L-1、温度为30℃、吸附时间为4 h的条件下,菌株Z-1对pH=3、Cu2+100 mg.L-1的废水吸附效果最优,Cu2+去除率达到59.7%.菌株Z-1对Cu2+的吸附过程能很好地用吸附模型Langmuir方程描述,菌株Z-1去除的铜离子,有92.3%分布在细胞壁上,其余7.7%分布在细胞质内,说明菌株Z-1对铜离子的去除主要为表面吸附.

基于比色法和智能手机的铜离子浓度检测

为适合现场快速检测,开发了适用于安卓操作系统的智能手机的重离子检测应用系统。自制的光路系统降低采集环境变化的影响,并提高便携性。提出了测前和测后的补偿算法,进一步消除了采集环境变化对测试精度的影响;梯度定位算法改善测试对象浓度定位的精确性,并开发了基于智能手机的应用软件,实现铜离子浓度的数字化测量。采用水体中Cu^(2+)浓度作为实验对象,验证算法的正确性,结果表明,在0~20 mg/dL线性范围内,拟合曲线的标准偏差为0.96,相关系数为0.99。

石灰法处理铜、锌废水研究

本研究通过对模拟废水分析测定,主要研究了石灰沉淀法处理方法的去除效果和药剂投加量,投药比例,运行时间,pH值的最优条件综合分析。根据实验目的和实际情况,使用硫酸铜、硫酸锌、硫酸铅、硫酸镉、配置成的含Cu^(2+)、Zn^(2+)的浓度分别为0.4 g/L、0.2 g/L。石灰沉淀法处理重金属废水有较好的效果,其中沉淀剂为石灰,混凝剂为聚丙烯酰胺。其最优的操作条件为:反应pH为9;PAM的投加量分别为50 mg/L;快速搅拌过程的搅拌速度为220 rpm,搅拌时间为6 min;慢速搅拌速度为50 rpm,搅拌时间为10 min时。处理后,Cu^(2+)的浓度达到0.001mg/L,Zn^(2+)的浓度达到0.040 mg/L。

海藻酸钠/二氧化硅杂化微球结构与吸附性能

利用海藻酸钠(SA)和正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为原料,并利用醇解TEOS提供二氧化硅(SiO_2)源与SA分子结构上的羟基(—OH)进行反应,制备一系列不同组分的杂化微球。采用旋转流变仪(DHR)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线光谱(XRD)、热重分析仪(TG)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和氮气吸附-脱附方法(BET)对杂化溶液的流变性能以及杂化微球的化学结构、结晶能力、热分解能力、微球形貌、比表面积和孔径进行分析,并研究了其对亚甲基蓝(MB)和重金属铜(Cu^(2+))的吸附能力。结果表明:SA/SiO_2杂化溶液体系黏度下降,在初始剪切速率25s–1时杂化溶液黏度比SA黏度低了2.2Pa·s;FTIR图说明SA中羟基与TEOS中的硅氧键反应生成硅氧碳键,TEOS与SA发生化学反应;杂化微球结晶曲线中CA结晶特征峰强度降低,同时出现SiO_2的结晶特征峰;杂化微球分解温度由250℃提升到310℃,热分解温度提高;BET测试得到海藻酸钙(CA)比表面积为7.254m^2/g,孔径为19.65nm,CA/SiO_2杂化微球的比表面积为49.151m^2/g,孔径为21.75nm,杂化微球比表面积提高,孔径类型为介孔;当MB初始浓度为100mg/L时,SA/SiO_2杂化微球去除率达到87.09%;当Cu^(2+)初始浓度为2.5g/L时,SA/SiO_2杂化微球去除率达到86.8%。

酿酒酵母吸附水溶液中Cu^(2+)的研究

本研究利用酿酒酵母作为生物吸附剂吸附重金属Cu^(2+),探讨了酿酒酵母在不同条件下对重金属铜离子的吸附能力。研究结果表明:当Cu^(2+)的初始浓度为1 g/L,酵母投加量为5 g/L,吸附时间30 min时,Cu^(2+)的吸附率达到最高,为92.80%;当Cu^(2+)的初始浓度为1 g/L,酵母投加量为5 g/L,吸附时间为45 min时,Cu^(2+)的吸附率最高,达到92.30%;当转速在100 r/min时,Cu^(2+)的吸附率最高,为94.33%;当pH为7时Cu^(2+)的吸附率最高,为95.48%;当温度为30℃时,Cu^(2+)的吸附率最高,为94.19%。最佳的吸附条件为:吸附时间45 min,转速100 r/min,pH为7,温度30℃。

Competitive adsorption of heavy metal ions on peat

The uptake capacities, and the adsorption kinetics, of copper, Cu（Ⅱ）, nickel, Ni（Ⅱ）, and cadmium, Cd（Ⅱ）, on peat have been studied under static conditions. The results show that the adsorption rates are rapid： equilibrium is reached in twenty minutes. The adsorption of copper, nickel and cadmium is pH dependent over the pH range from 2 to 6. The adsorption kinetics can be excellently described by the Elovich kinetic equation. The adsorption isotherm fits a Langmuir model very well. The adsorption capacities follow the order Cu^2＋ 〉 Ni^2＋〉 Cd^2＋ in single-component systems and the competitive adsorption capacities fall in the decreasing order Cu^2＋ 〉 Ni^2＋〉 Cd^2＋ in multi-component systems. The adsorption capacities of these three heavy metal ions on peat are consistent with their observed competitive adsorption capacities.

Adsorption Kinetics of Pb^(2+) and Cu^(2+) on Variable Charge Soils and Minerals: Ⅱ. Equations for Describing Experimental Data

Different mathematical methods, including linearization, differential, integration and nonlinear least squares approximation (Newton-Marquardt method), were used to fit different kinetic equations, such as zero-order, first-order (i. e, membrane diffusion), second-order, parabolic-diffusion, Elovich, two-constant equations, to the experimental data of Pb2+ and Cu2+ adsorption on variable charge soils and kaolinite. Assuming each M2+ occupied two adsorption sites, two more equations, the so-called surface second-order equation and third-order equation were derived and compared with the above equations according to the fitting results, which showed that the second-order equation and surface second-order equation, being one equation in different expressions under some conditions, were better than the other equations in describing the Pb2+ and Cu2+ adsorption kinetics, and the latter was the best.

Synthesis and characteristics of a novel artificial hapten using the copper mercaptide of penicillenic acid from penicillin G for immunoassay of heavy metal ions

In this paper, we describe the synthesis of a novel copper ion hapten using the copper mercaptide of penicillenic acid （CMPA） derived from penicillin. Results from tests with immune rabbits indicate that： （i） A new antigen synthesized with CMPA has good stability and is safe for immunizing animals with no toxic phenomena being found in animal experiments; （ii） the immunogenic antigen （CMPA-BSA） can stimulate the immune system to produce specific antibodies with high titrations, up to 150000; and （iii） antibodies in antisera showed higher affinity to OVA-GSH-CuC1 than OVA-GSH, which indicates that the antibodies have specific affinity towards copper ions. These results confirm that the novel hapten and relevant antigen for copper ion have been successfully synthesized, giving progress towards an immunoassay for copper ions in environmental and food samples.