改性生物质炭的制备及对重金属镉污染土壤修复的研究

重金属镉在土壤中的污染对环境和人们的健康造成了严重威胁。为了解决这一问题,研究人员通过改性生物质炭的制备和应用,探索了其在重金属镉污染土壤修复中的潜力。首先采用农业废弃物作为原料,通过改性方法,利用活性物质和功能材料在制备过程中进行改性,增强其吸附能力和稳定性,制备出具有多孔结构和高比表面积的改性生物质炭。接着,通过批处理实验和温室盆栽试验,评估改性生物质炭对重金属镉污染土壤的修复效果。结果显示,改性生物质炭能够显著降低土壤中镉的含量,并提高土壤的养分含量和微生物活性,为后续的土壤养护提供重要的技术参考。

土壤重金属镉污染的植物修复与土壤酶活性

用盆栽法研究植物对土壤重金属 Cd的吸收富集和植物修复效应、土壤重金属 Cd浓度与土壤酶活性的关系 ,以及经植物修复后不同时间内土壤酶活性恢复情况。研究结果表明 :1植物对土壤 Cd污染具有富集和修复作用 ,但种间存在较大差异 ;2土壤脲酶活性随土壤 Cd浓度的增加而降低 ;3回归分析表明土壤脲酶活性与土壤 Cd浓度显著相关 ,可表示出土壤受 Cd污染程度 ;4受 Cd污染的土壤经过植物修复后 ,脲酶活性得到恢复 ,可根据脲酶活性恢复状况判断植物的修复效果。

我国土壤重金属镉污染现状及钝化剂修复技术研究

本文首先分析了我国农田土壤Cd污染的来源、现状及危害;其次,分析总结了Cd污染农田土壤安全利用方面钝化剂主要类型及应用隐患,并提出农田土壤镉污染钝化剂应用中存在的一些问题与发展展望。

黑麦草植物对农田重金属镉污染土壤的修复效果研究

本文主要采用黑麦草植物单独种植和黑麦草植物与大蒜套种2种种植模式研究黑麦草植物对重金属污染土壤中镉的吸收可行性和效果。结果表明,黑麦草植物单独种植时具有较大的富集系数(0.75);套种模式中大蒜会影响黑麦草植物对土壤中重金属镉的吸收,套种模式中黑麦草镉含量较单独种植模式减少7.10%。由此表明,采取合理的种植模式可有效地提高重金属富集植物对重金属的吸收效果。

基于文献计量的重金属镉污染土壤修复技术研究分析

近年来,随着我国社会经济的快速发展,人们对土壤利用强度的需求越来越大,导致土壤问题越来越严重。目前,有关土壤重金属污染治理技术的研究报道较多,而对该领域的热门方向、未来趋势等的关注则较少。该研究利用CNKI中国知网数据检索方法对土壤重金属镉污染修复进行了计量学分析,明确了该领域的热点方向和趋势,以期为后续学者进行深入研究提供参考。

农田土壤重金属Cd的环保淋洗剂筛选研究

土壤淋洗是一种有效修复重金属污染土壤的方法,而淋洗剂的选择是淋洗过程的关键因素,直接影响淋洗效率。研究了4种淋洗剂(乙酸、柠檬酸、CaCl2、FeCl3)对Cd轻度污染的农田土壤淋洗性能及影响因素。结果表明:淋洗效果依次为FeCl3>柠檬酸>乙酸>CaCl2;FeCl3的淋洗机理是Fe3+与土壤中的Cd2+离子交换,其水解出的H+可促进碳酸盐结合态Cd溶出,Cl-还可与Cd2+形成稳定的螯合物;经优化后的最佳的淋洗条件是固液比为1∶5,浸提时间为4 h,此时乙酸、柠檬酸、CaCl2和FeCl3的最大土壤Cd去除率分别为30.24%,24.62%,24.82%,81.90%;pH值对淋洗效果的影响较大,除CaCl2外,3种淋洗剂的淋洗效果都随pH值的升高而降低(pH值在2.5~5.0范围内),FeCl3的淋洗效果降低最为显著。研究成果可为Cd污染农田土壤修复提供技术支撑。

不同钝化剂对轻度镉污染农田水稻吸附的钝化修复作用

添加钝化剂是修复重金属污染土壤的有效方法之一。通过在成都平原的水稻轻度Cd污染农田进行田间试验,选取石灰、生物炭、生物有机肥3种钝化剂,探讨轻度Cd污染农田土壤原位钝化修复技术效果。结果表明,向农田土壤中施加石灰、生物炭、生物有机肥等钝化剂可以在一定程度上降低作物籽粒中Cd含量。单一石灰处理、生物炭配施石灰处理以及生物有机肥配施石灰处理可以使水稻常规修复试验中水稻籽粒中Cd含量降低8.85%~29.62%。由此可见,向农田土壤中施加钝化剂可以在一定程度上降低作物籽粒中Cd含量。

不同施肥处理对铅镉污染土壤中香椿品质的影响

本试验主要研究不同施肥处理对铅镉污染土壤中香椿品质的影响,为进一步探讨无公害蔬菜的栽培技术提供理论依据。以木本蔬菜香椿[Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem.]为试材,以重金属铅镉复合污染土壤及背景土壤为栽培基质,进行了不施肥(CK)、单施无机肥(NPK)、单施有机肥(WM)及有机无机肥配施(1/2NPK+1/2WM)对香椿营养品质和安全品质影响的研究。香椿在叶片掉落前采集其顶端嫩芽,采用常规方法测定叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量、维C含量、微量元素矿物质、硝酸盐含量以及重金属含量。结果表明:重金属铅镉污染基质下NPK、WM、1/2NPK+1/2WM处理可溶性蛋白含量分别为4.28、4.59、5.40 mg/g,均高于CK的3.56 mg/g且差异显著(P<0.05);背景土壤基质下4种施肥处理可溶性蛋白含量分别为3.23、4.62、5.38、5.85 mg/g,均差异显著(P<0.05)。重金属铅镉污染基质下3种施肥处理Vc含量依次是83.36、117.57、112.33 mg/100 g,均显著高于CK (P<0.05);背景土壤基质下4种施肥处理的香椿叶片中的Vc含量依次为51.33、56.06、74.03、65.03 mg/100 g,WM和1/2NPK+1/2WM处理均显著高于CK (P<0.05)。不管是在背景土壤或是在重金属铅镉污染土壤中,WM或1/2NPK+1/2WM处理均能显著提高香椿叶片中的可溶性糖含量和全Fe、全Mn的含量(P<0.05),单施虫粪同时也能显著提高香椿叶片中全Cu、全Zn含量(P<0.05)。在两种不同的栽培基质中,香椿叶片的Pb含量均表现为CK最低,其他处理均显著高于CK (P<0.05),Cd含量则是NPK处理最低。该试验可得出以下结论:在2种栽培基质中,1/2NPK+1/2WM处理均能显著提高香椿叶片中可溶性蛋白质、维生素C、可溶性糖含量、有益微量元素矿物质含量等营养品质指标,并能在一定程度上降低硝酸盐和重金属铅镉含量,从而有效提高香椿品质。相同施肥处理下,重金属铅镉污染基质下的香椿叶片可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量、全Fe、全Mn、全Cu元素含量要比背景土壤中生长的低得多,但维生素C含量、全Zn含量和硝酸盐含量却是重金属污染基质中的香椿叶片高,说明重金属污染会明显降低香椿的品质。

农田重金属镉铅污染原位精准修复与安全利用技术集成及应用

结合天津市和国家对土壤环境污染治理与修复技术的重大需求,尤其是现有农田重金属污染修复技术无法满足大面积治理的严峻问题,本文研究了基于合成生物学的钝化修复功能菌群构建技术、有机-无机杂化的重金属污染多功能修复材料制备技术、人工菌群驱动的镉污染高效植物萃取关键技术.采用分区、分类、分级治理思路,建立了农田重金属原位精准修复技术及设备集成应用模式,以及农田重金属修复与安全利用效果综合评价体系,实现了重金属污染土壤治理的技术创新、系统集成和应用示范.

含方解石物质对土壤镉赋存形态的影响

通过室内培养试验,探究赤泥粉、海泡石粉、方解石粉在不同添加剂量情况下随时间变化对外源污染草甸土土壤镉赋存形态的影响。结果表明,土壤pH值随着钝化剂用量的增加而增加,且均明显高于对照。添加赤泥与其他2种钝化剂处理对pH值影响有所不同,随时间的延长分别呈现先降低后升高最后趋于平稳和缓慢降低的趋势。培养50d后,添加5%赤泥对土壤pH值影响最大,相较对照提高了4.09个单位。土壤可交换态镉的含量随钝化剂用量的增加而降低,培养50d后,当钝化剂添加量为1%,3%时,可交换态镉降低率分别为方解石>海泡石>赤泥、方解石>赤泥>海泡石;钝化剂添加量为5%时,降低率为赤泥>方解石>海泡石。pH值与交换态镉相关性分析表明:添加赤泥处理极显著负相关;添加海泡石处理相关性不显著;添加方解石处理无相关关系。各处理均能显著降低可交换态镉的含量,同时不同程度提高了碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机质结合态、残渣态镉含量,其中碳酸盐结合态最为明显。

降低水稻镉吸收原位钝化修复技术及其作用机理

重金属镉原位钝化修复是指向土壤中施加一些活性钝化修复材料,通过改变镉在土壤中的赋存状态,降低土壤中镉的生物有效性。该文对重金属镉污染土壤原位钝化修复中不同来源的钝化剂进行了分类,概述了它们各自对重金属镉污染土壤的作用机理及其钝化修复效果。全面分析了目前该领域存在的主要问题,并对其发展前景进行了展望。

镉铅超标农田秋季养蚕试验分析

在春季养蚕试验的基础上,继续在岳阳市某工矿区典型镉铅超标农田进行秋季养蚕试验。镉铅超标农田秋季养蚕试验表明,在工矿区镉铅超标农田以栽植农桑14品种较好,密度为667m2栽植1000~2000株。实验结果再次证实了镉铅污染农田栽桑养蚕的可行性,为镉铅等重金属污染耕地安全、经济、高效生态利用和污染区产业结构探索提供了有益的模式。

Effects of Red Mud on the Remediation of Pb, Zn and Cd in Heavy Metal Contaminated Paddy Soil

[Objective] To study the remediation efficiency of red mud on Pb, Zn and Cd in the heavy metal contaminated paddy soil of mine area, to clarify its remediation mechanism and fertilizer efficiency on heavy metal contaminated soil. [Method] The soil incubation experiment was conducted to study the effect of red mud on the pH values and electrical conductivity （EC）, and the remediation efficiency of red mud on lead （Pb）, zinc （Zn） and cadmium （Cd） in heavy metal contaminated soil. [Result] Red mud addition reduced the content of exchangeable Pb, Zn and Cd in the soil significantly. Compared with the control, when incubated for 30, 60 and 90 d with the red mud dosage of 4% （W/W）, the exchangeable Pb content was decreased by 39.25%, 41.38% and 50.19%; exchangeable Zn content was decreased by 49.26%, 57.32% and 47.16%; and exchangeable Cd content was decreased by 19.53%, 24.06% and 25.70%, respectively. The application of red mud had significant impact on the share of Pb, Zn and Cd contents in five forms, and different amounts of red mud application all reduced the proportion of exchangeable Pb, Zn and Cd to the total Pb, Zn and Cd. In addition, the proportion of exchangeable Pb, Zn and Cd to total Pb, Zn and Cd decreased with the increasing amount of red mud addition. [Conclusion] The study provided references for reasonable application of red mud and reduction of heavy metal pollution in paddy soil.

Absorption capacity of major urban afforestation species in north-eastern China to heavy metal pollutants in the atmosphere

Totally 24 arbor tree species and 6 shrub species were measured on their absorption capacities to heavy metal Pb, Cd, Cr, and Hg by collecting and analyzing the leaves of trees along different streets in Harbin city in Sept. to Oct. of 2003. The results showed that all the measured species had certain absorbency to the pollutants (Pb, Cd, Cr and Hg), but there existed significant difference in absorption capacity for different species to different pollutants. The measured tree species were classified into three categories by their absorption quantum of heavy metal pollutants. Among the species measured,Betula platyphylla, Ulmus pumila var.pendula, andPrunus persicaf.rubro-plena had high capacity in absorbing Pb;Populus xiahei, P. nigra var.Italica, P. alba x P. berolinensis andSalix matsudana had had high capacity in absorbing Cd;Phellodendron amurense, Syringa oblata, Salix matsudana, Pinus tabulaeformis var.mukdensis, Picea koraiensis, Prunus persica f.rubro-plena, P. triloba andAcer negundo, etc. had high capacity in absorption of Cr;Prunus triloba, Quercus mongolica, Salix matsudana, Sambucus williamsii, Pyrus ussuuriensis andSpiraea fritschiana were good at absorption of Hg. This study might offer scientific foundation for selection of urban afforestation species in different polluted conditions caused by heavy metals. Keywords Greening tree species - Heavy metal - Pollutants - Plumbum - Cadmium - Chromium - Mercury - Absorptivity CLC number S731.2 - X501 Document code A Foundation item: This study is financially supported by the Special Programme for Agriculture under Ministry of Chinese Science and Technology (No. 2002BA516A15-01).Biography: MU Li-qiang (1966-), female, Associate professor in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong

Effect of Heavy Metal Pollution on Potassium Behavior in Typic Udic Ferrisol

The indirect influence of heavy metal contamination of soil on nutrient availability, an important aspect of soil quality, may need to be taken into consideration when determining overall effects of heavy metals. A laboratory experiment was performed to study the effects of combined pollution of Cu, Ph, Zn and Cd on soil K status as indicated by chemical fractions, adsorption-desorption and quantity/intensity (Q/I) relationship of K in a Typic Udic Ferrisol (generally called red soil), by employing uniform design and single factor design. Compared to the control, content of exchangeable K was decreased, but that of soluble K increased in the samples contaminated with heavy metals. Due to heavy metal pollution, potassium adsorption was reduced by 5% to 22%, whereas the desorption percentage of adsorbed K increased by 2% to 32%. The Q/I curves shifted downward, potassium buffering capacity (PBCK) decreased, and equilibrium activity ratio values (ARoK) increased with increasing heavy metal pollution. These influences followed the sequences of Ph>Cu>Zn and combined pollution>single one. Displacement of K from canon exchange sites and decrease in soil CEC due to heavy metals should be responsible for the changes of soil K behaviours. The findings suggest that heavy metal pollution of soil might aggravate the degradation of soil K fertility by decreasing K adsorption and buffering capacity and increasing desorption.

Effect of Heavy Metals on Phosphorus Retention by Typic Udic Ferrisols: Equilibrium and Kinetics

A study was conducted to examine the effect of heavy metals (Cu,Pb, Zn and Cd in combination or alone) on the equilibrium andkinetics of phosphorus (P) retention in typic udic ferrisols by usingboth equilibrium and flow techniques. Fourteen soil samples withvarying artificial contamination of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd were prepared.Heavy metal pollution led to increases in retention capacity andmaximum buffering capacity (MBC) of soil P. The rate of P retentionwas also increased and the time to reach equilibrium was advanced byheavy metals addition.

Comparative Studies on Uptake Pathway of Cadmium by Perna viridis

Experiments were designed to expose the filter-feeding bivalve Perna viridis to different Cd-contaminated water environments in order to compare the different pathways through which Cd is accumulated. Results show that mussels can accumulate Cd through seawater, food, sediment and suspended particle pathways in a short period of time. Mussels＇ uptake of Cd through the seawater pathway reaches the highest concentration approximately 3 and 9 times larger than through the algae and sediment pathways respectively after 7 d. This indicates that the Cd-accumulation through seawater is most efficient. Results also indicate that the uptake directly through contaminated algae, particles or sediments ingested by mussels is less important when compared with the uptake of Cd by mussels through the seawater pathway. Metal uptake pathways and mechanisms of bioaccumulation by marine bivalve are also discussed in this paper.

Remediation Effects of Water Management and Lime Application on Seasonally-Fallowed Cd-Contaminated Paddy Fields

In the light of the national policy of fallow, this study was conducted to determine how the different water management and lime application would affect soil physical and chemical properties, rice yield and cadmium （Cd） content of rice in fallow season. The results showed that, compared with the arid fallow, the waterlogging fallow decreased the soil pH value whereas signifcantly increased the soil organic matter content and the cation exchange quantity, and reduced the soil effective cadmium content and the rice cadmium content whereas could increase the rice yield to a certain extent. In the fooded fallow or the dry fallow, the application of lime mainly depended on the alkali conditioning of lime and the antagonistic effect of Ca2＋, which could signifcantly reduce the cadmium content of rice, and its effect would increase linearly with the increase of lime dosage, whereas had no significant effect on soil organic matter content and cation exchange quantity. In order to establish a linear equation of lime dosage and related indexes under the condition of waterlogging fallow or dry fallow, calculations showed that each application of lime at 1 000 kg/hm2 or kg/hmss2 could improve soil pH value by 0.238 2 or 0.246 5units respectively, and reduce the effective Cd content to 0.007 5 mg/kg both in the arid fallow and the waterlogging fallow conditions. The lime theoretic application rate for the lowest Cd content of late rice in the arid fallow was 5 120 kg/hm2, and the minimum limit of the Cd content in rice was 0.124 2 mg/kg; and the lime theoretic application rate for the highest yield of late rice in the submerged water fallow was 4 636 kg/hm2, the minimum theoretic Cd content in rice is 0.100 7 mg/kg, and it could reduce the Cd content in rice under the condition of submerged fallow and decrease the dosage of lime.

Growth changes and tissues anatomical characteristics of giant reed(Arundo donax L.) in soil contaminated with arsenic,cadmium and lead

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to elucidate the growth changes and tissues anatomical characteristics of giant reed(Arundo donax L.),a perennial rhizomatous grass,which was cultivated for 70 d in soils contaminated with As,Cd and Pb.The results show that giant reed rapidly grows with big biomass of shoots in contaminated soil,possessing strong metal-tolerance with limited metal translocation from roots to shoots.When As,Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil are less than 254,76.1 and 1 552 mg/kg,respectively,plant height and dried biomass are slightly reduced,the accumulation of As,Cd and Pb in shoots of giant reed is low while metal concentration in roots is high,and the anatomical characteristics of stem tissues are thick and homogeneous according to SEM images.However,plant height and dried biomass are significantly reduced and metal concentration in plant shoots and roots are significantly increased(P<0.05),the stems images become heterogeneous and the secretion in vascular bundles increases significantly when As,Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil exceed 334,101 and 2 052 mg/kg,respectively.The giant reed is a promising,naturally occurring plant with strong metal-tolerance,which can be cultivated in soils contaminated with multiple metals for ecoremediation purposes.

Migration law of heavy metal cadmium in soil-root interface systems

The distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soil-root systems have great significance for the research into soil pollution risk assessment and the phytoremediation effect. This paper takes ligustrum lucidum as an example, based on the characteristics of adsorption of heavy metals in soil by woody plants, lays out sampling points, and using software Surer for the Kiging interpolation analysis, and the horizontal migration law of heavy metal cadmium in the soil-root interface system is simulated. Through multi-model statistical regression trend analysis, the horizontal migration mechanism of cadmium in different sections is discussed. The results show that： （1） under horizontal migration law： the migration ability of Cd is weaker near the Ligustrum lucidum root （0 30 cm）; with the root extension, the migration ability of Cd gradually is strengthened, and the main range of the migration ability is 60-90 cm. In addition, its migration law follows the cubic curve mode. （2） under longitudinal migration law： based on the Kriging method, migration models Z（hi） of heavy metal Cd in any depth of hi are constructed and fit the correlation coefficient R^2〉0.95.