用近红外分析方法测定重质馏份油的化学族组成

测定了扬子公司不同厂的重质馏份油的近红外谱图,以偏最小二乘方法为数学工具,通过色-质连用法取得基础数据,建立重质馏份油的近红外光谱族组成模型。采用该模型测定未知样品与色-质连用法的测定结果相比,饱和烃中正构烷烃、异构烷烃、环烷烃的质量分数和芳烃质量分数的相关系数分别为0．9857、0．9854、0．9968 和0．9984。分析结果表明,两种分析方法的结果一致。近红外方法重现性好,分析速度快,结果准确,且不消耗有机溶剂。

HL-320导热油在催化重整装置中的应用

针对以重质直馏柴油为导热油的250 kt/a半再生催化重整装置在运行中存在的传热效率低、热稳定性差、能耗高等问题,选用合成型HL-320导热油替代原有热介质进行改进。结果表明:在催化重整四合一反应加热炉操作条件不变的前提下,与重质直馏柴油相比,使用HL-320导热油后对流段出口温度提高了25℃。在重整装置分馏系统操作参数一致的条件下,使用HL-320导热油后,排烟温度降低了16℃,重整四合一反应加热炉热效率提高了0.8个百分点。根据分馏系统的实际运行情况,HL-320导热油由对流段所取的热量能够满足系统所需,当停用热载体加热炉后,可节约瓦斯200 m^3/h,年增经济效益达250余万元。

Anomaly Detection Method Using Feature Reconstruction Based Knowledge Distillation

In recent years,anomaly detection has attracted much attention in industrial production.As traditional anomaly detection methods usually rely on direct comparison of samples,they often ignore the intrinsic relationship between samples,resulting in poor accuracy in recognizing anomalous samples.To address this problem,a knowledge distillation anomaly detection method based on feature reconstruction was proposed in this study.Knowledge distillation was performed after inverting the structure of the teacher-student network to avoid the teacher-student network sharing the same inputs and similar structure.Representability was improved by using feature splicing to unify features at different levels,and the merged features were processed and reconstructed using an improved Transformer.The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better performance on the MVTec dataset,verifying its effectiveness and feasibility in anomaly detection tasks.This study provides a new idea to improve the accuracy and efficiency of anomaly detection.

基于优化动态PLS的常压塔重整料终馏点软测量研究

针对某炼油厂常压塔重整料终馏点软测量模型估计精度不高的问题,利用网格搜索(grid search)法优化动态软测量建模中最大滞后时间和再采样间隔,建立了一种基于动态PLS的软测量模型。结果表明对动态软测量再采样间隔和最大滞后时间的优化,可以显著降低模型的预测误差和计算量。动态软测量的预测误差明显小于静态软测量模型,能取得较好的预测效果。

Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Soils as Affected by Soil Types and Metal Load Quantity

Two series of soil subsamples, by spiking copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in an orthogonal design, were prepared using red soil and brown soil, respectively. The results indicated that heavy metal fractions in these soil subsamples depended not only on soil types, but also on metal loading quantity as well as on interactions among metals in soil. Lead and Cu in red soil appeared mostly in weakly specifically adsorbed (WSA), Fe and Mn oxides bound (OX), and residual (RES) fractions. Zinc existed in all fractions except organic bound one, and Cd was major in water soluble plus exchangeable (SE) one. Different from the results of red soil, Pb and Cu was present in brown soil in all fractions except organic one, but over 75% of Zn and 90% of Cd existed only in SE fraction. Meanwhile, SE fraction for any metal in red soil was lower than that in brown soil and WSA and OX fractions were higher. It is in agreement with low cation exchange capacity and large amounts of metal oxides included in red soil. Metal fractions in soil, especially for water soluble plus exchangeable one, were obviously influenced by other coexisting metals. The SE fraction of heavy metals increased with increasing loading amounts of metals in red soil but not obviously in brown soil, which suggest that metal availability be easily affected by their total amounts spiked in red soil. In addition, more metals in red soil were extracted with 0.20 mol L-1 NH4Cl (pH 5.40) than that with 1.0 mol L-1 Mg(NO3)2 (pH 7.0), but the reverse happened in brown soil, implicating significantly different mechanisms of metal desorption from red soil and brown soil.

A Novel Operation Policy for Dilute Component Separation-Quasi-batch Distillation

A new operation policy--quasi-batch distillation for recovering infinitesimal amounts species existing in a mixture is presented. In quasi-batch distillation operation, feed is introduced with a constant flow rate onto the feed stage of the column, and the flow rate of the distillate is the same as that of the feed, whereas the bottom product is withdrawn periodically. The behavior of quasi-batch distillation is simulated and analyzed through an example on heavy water separation. Comparing with continuous or batch distillation, the new operation policy is more reliable and efficient to achieve higher recovery of dilute component. This is especially suitable for separating small amount of precious species from large amount of raw material.

Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Sediments from Dianchi Lake,China

Fractionation of heavy metals in sediments can help in understanding potential hazards of heavy metals. The present study analyzed total concentrations and fractions of selected heavy metals （Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn） in surface sediments from Dianchi Lake, Yunnan Province, China, as well as factors that may affect distributions of the various heavy metal fractions. Total concentrations of the heavy metals decreased in the order Zn 〉 Cu 〉 Pb 〉 Cr 〉 Cd. These heavy metals, except Cr, were much higher than their background levels, indicating that Dianchi Lake was polluted by Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu. Cadmium occurred mainly as the non-residual fraction （sum of the HOAc-soluble, reducible, and oxidizable fractions） （97.6%）, and Zn （55.7%） was also predominantly found in the non-residual fraction. In contrast, most of the Cr （88.5%）, Pb （81.8%）, and Cu （59.2%） occurred in the residual fraction. Correlation analysis showed that total heavy metal concentrations, organic matter and reducible Fe were the main factors affecting the distributions of the various heavy metal fractions. In the Walhai section of Dianchi Lake （comprising 97% of the lake area）, the concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu in the non-residual fraction were significantly lower （P ≤ 0.01 or 0.05） than those of the Caohal section （3% of the lake area）. This indicated that potential heavy metal hazards in the Caohai section were greater than the Waihai section.

A super-resolution reconstruction algorithm for mural images based on improved generative adversarial network

In order to solve the problem of the lack of ornamental value and research value of ancient mural paintings due to low resolution and fuzzy texture details,a super resolution(SR)method based on generative adduction network(GAN)was proposed.This method reconstructed the detail texture of mural image better.Firstly,in view of the insufficient utilization of shallow image features,information distillation blocks(IDB)were introduced to extract shallow image features and enhance the output results of the network behind.Secondly,residual dense blocks with residual scaling and feature fusion(RRDB-Fs)were used to extract deep image features,which removed the BN layer in the residual block that affected the quality of image generation,and improved the training speed of the network.Furthermore,local feature fusion and global feature fusion were applied in the generation network,and the features of different levels were merged together adaptively,so that the reconstructed image contained rich details.Finally,in calculating the perceptual loss,the brightness consistency between the reconstructed fresco and the original fresco was enhanced by using the features before activation,while avoiding artificial interference.The experimental results showed that the peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity metrics were improved compared with other algorithms,with an improvement of 0.512 dB-3.016 dB in peak signal-to-noise ratio and 0.009-0.089 in structural similarity,and the proposed method had better visual effects.

FF-26加氢裂化预处理催化剂的研制通过技术评议

2003年12月3日，由中国石化股份有限公司抚顺石油化工研究院承担的股份公司合同项目“FF-26加氢裂化预处理催化剂的研制”在北京通过了由中国石化股份有限公司科技开发部组织的技术评议。

中央人民政府国家统计局关于大区统计局的职责范围与工作关系的几项具体规定

关于大区统计局的职责范围与工作关系,在中央人民政府政务院《关于充实统计机构加强统计工作的决定》和国家统计局《一九五三年全国统计工作纲要》中均已有原则性规定.为了便于今后工作,特根据前一时期的经验,提出以下几项具体规定.请各地试行,并提出修正意见.一、大区统计局除执行工作纲要所规定的任务外,在目前情况下,大区统计局还应根据本局所规定的统计制度及工作任务,代表本局对各省、市及各业务部门的统计工作,进行组织指导和督促监查.