调查和了解野生救护猴中病毒性肝炎感染状况,为野生猴疫源疫病监测和防控提供依据。采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)对94份来自云南省内野外救护的熊猴、猕猴、豚尾猴、短尾猴4种猴的血清样本进行甲型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis A virus,HAV)、丁型肝炎...调查和了解野生救护猴中病毒性肝炎感染状况,为野生猴疫源疫病监测和防控提供依据。采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)对94份来自云南省内野外救护的熊猴、猕猴、豚尾猴、短尾猴4种猴的血清样本进行甲型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis A virus,HAV)、丁型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis D virus,HDV)、戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)、庚型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis G virus,HGV)抗体(IgG、IgM),以及乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)抗体(抗-HBs、抗-HBe)的检测分析,结果显示所有样本中HAV、HDV、HEV、HGV的IgG抗体阴性,HAV的IgM抗体阴性;其中抗-HBs阳性的熊猴1只(1/94);抗-HBe阳性的猕猴1只(1/94);HDV-IgM与HEV-IgM阳性熊猴1只(1/94)。研究显示野外救护猴中有自然感染病毒性肝炎的情况,但感染率相对较低,无性别和年龄的差异。展开更多
An exploratory survey was conducted on the uses and role of invasive alien species(IAS) to local livelihoods in the Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary in the northeastern hilly region of Bangladesh.Vegetation was sampled...An exploratory survey was conducted on the uses and role of invasive alien species(IAS) to local livelihoods in the Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary in the northeastern hilly region of Bangladesh.Vegetation was sampled in 50 quadrates,each 10 m×10 m,and 25 line transects,each 50 m×20 m,through a combination of random and systematic sampling.Group discussions were also arranged with fifty local inhabitants(17 % of the total inhabitants) to learn the various uses of IAS.A total of 17 alien plant species belonging to 10 different families,of which Leguminosae constitutes the highest number(5 species),include tree(53%) followed by herb(12%),shrub(12%) and others(weed,climber and palm).The majority of the identified species were found to be used for fuel,followed by timber production,medicinal or curative uses,fodder,and many others.In addition to providing various forest products,alien tree species planted in forest plantation help provide many vital ecosystem services such as soil amelioration through nitrogen fixation.It is true that the alien species have some negative impacts on local ecosystems,and not all of them are harmful.Therefore,a national programme must be initiated to distinguish the harmful from the harmless species and to identify the uses and impacts of the former and latter.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to examine the behavioral impact of varying LED （light emitting diode） spectral emissions on avian species. A novel oculo-neuro-motor response to monochromatic LEDs has been identified....The purpose of this study was to examine the behavioral impact of varying LED （light emitting diode） spectral emissions on avian species. A novel oculo-neuro-motor response to monochromatic LEDs has been identified. LED colored light of sufficient intensity matched to the short-wavelength cones of avian species can efficiently diminish overall visual perception leading to an augmented behavioral response. The study method involved monitoring the change in behavioral response after exposure to high brightness monochromatic LED light to wild Osprey （Pandion haliaetus） foraging and nesting in their natural environment. Our results demonstrated a statistically significant change in foraging behaviors with wild Osprey （p = 0.005） and in nesting behavior as a result of exposure to high brightness monochromatic LED light. An augmented behavioral responses was observed which is believed to be analogous to human reaction to solar glare and glint. The neuroimaging mechanism of avian species is discussed. This novel augmented behavioral response provides a new technique of studying the neuroscience of temporal and spatial light stimulus. A non-lethal deterrence technique involving the augmented behavioral response could mitigate mortality and morbidity of avian-human conflict in areas such as airports, airplane bird strikes, and wind turbines.展开更多
The infrared camera is a curious object for the animals of Changtang.Often covered in camouflage or army green,it looks very"professional".But once I saw the photos they took,I knew the camouflage did not wo...The infrared camera is a curious object for the animals of Changtang.Often covered in camouflage or army green,it looks very"professional".But once I saw the photos they took,I knew the camouflage did not work at all.Most animals could see the cameras without any problem.Some of them showed various degrees of interest in the cameras,while others acted indifferently.To tell the truth,it is not easy to hide something in Changtang.展开更多
Urbanization causes wildlife habitat loss, fragmentation, and the replacement of specialist species by generalists and/or exotic taxa. Because mesocarnivores are particularly vulnerable to habitat modifications, the r...Urbanization causes wildlife habitat loss, fragmentation, and the replacement of specialist species by generalists and/or exotic taxa. Because mesocarnivores are particularly vulnerable to habitat modifications, the rapid expansion of urban areas and the increasing trend for ex-urban development occurring in Mediterranean ecosystems may be major drivers of change in mesocamivore communities. We combined camera trapping and sign surveys to quantify the richness and relative abundance of a set of wild and domestic mesocarnivores. We quantified these variables controlling for the gradient of urbanism, ex-urbanism, and other environmental variables in patches of natural vegetation in the region of Madrid （central Spain）, and a non-urbanized control area -220 km south of Madrid city. Using conditional autoregressive models （CAR） and model selection procedures, we found that urbanization influenced mesocarnivore community composition but this influence was not detrimental for all the species tested. Generalist carnivores such as the red fox Vulpes vulpes were more abundant in urban and ex-urban areas. Ex-urban development creates overlapping areas between wild and domestic species （such as the domestic cat Felis catus and the wildcat Felis silvestris） but contact between wild and domestic carnivores in natural areas is unlikely. Detection of species in the control area was very low. Therefore, the impact of urbanization in causing changes in mesocarnivore communities may be less than other factors such as illegal predator culling [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 793-801, 2015].展开更多
Urbanization and exotic species are major threats to the conservation of forest-dependent wildlife species. Some emblematic species, indicators of habitat quality for the conservation of other spe- cies, might success...Urbanization and exotic species are major threats to the conservation of forest-dependent wildlife species. Some emblematic species, indicators of habitat quality for the conservation of other spe- cies, might successfully be reintroduced within cities when habitat restoration and pest manage- ment programs are combined. We studied the landscape resource selection of juvenile kaka Nestor meridionalis tracked with Global Positioning System （GPS） units and released into the predator- free reserve of Zealandia in Wellington city, New Zealand. Kaka moved beyond the predator exclu- sion fence into urban suburbs. The home range size and areas of high use estimated using local convex hull （a-LoCoH） ranged from 20 to 240 ha and 2 to 21 ha, respectively. Using resource selec- tion functions and model selection we found that native forest patches and urban areas close to the reserve were selected by kaka to establish their home ranges. At a lower scale of selection （i.e., se- lection of habitats within home ranges）, kaka selected the same habitat, but not necessarily those close to the reserve. Native forest patches throughout the city can facilitate the dispersal of individ- uals, while the reserve provides protection and opportunities for supplementary feeding. Urban areas might have been selected due to the placement of feeders in private backyards. Survival of forest-dwelling species in cities requires careful urban planning and management to provide the necessary habitat patches, refugia, and food sources.展开更多
文摘调查和了解野生救护猴中病毒性肝炎感染状况,为野生猴疫源疫病监测和防控提供依据。采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)对94份来自云南省内野外救护的熊猴、猕猴、豚尾猴、短尾猴4种猴的血清样本进行甲型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis A virus,HAV)、丁型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis D virus,HDV)、戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)、庚型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis G virus,HGV)抗体(IgG、IgM),以及乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)抗体(抗-HBs、抗-HBe)的检测分析,结果显示所有样本中HAV、HDV、HEV、HGV的IgG抗体阴性,HAV的IgM抗体阴性;其中抗-HBs阳性的熊猴1只(1/94);抗-HBe阳性的猕猴1只(1/94);HDV-IgM与HEV-IgM阳性熊猴1只(1/94)。研究显示野外救护猴中有自然感染病毒性肝炎的情况,但感染率相对较低,无性别和年龄的差异。
文摘An exploratory survey was conducted on the uses and role of invasive alien species(IAS) to local livelihoods in the Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary in the northeastern hilly region of Bangladesh.Vegetation was sampled in 50 quadrates,each 10 m×10 m,and 25 line transects,each 50 m×20 m,through a combination of random and systematic sampling.Group discussions were also arranged with fifty local inhabitants(17 % of the total inhabitants) to learn the various uses of IAS.A total of 17 alien plant species belonging to 10 different families,of which Leguminosae constitutes the highest number(5 species),include tree(53%) followed by herb(12%),shrub(12%) and others(weed,climber and palm).The majority of the identified species were found to be used for fuel,followed by timber production,medicinal or curative uses,fodder,and many others.In addition to providing various forest products,alien tree species planted in forest plantation help provide many vital ecosystem services such as soil amelioration through nitrogen fixation.It is true that the alien species have some negative impacts on local ecosystems,and not all of them are harmful.Therefore,a national programme must be initiated to distinguish the harmful from the harmless species and to identify the uses and impacts of the former and latter.
基金This work was supported by grant No. IIP-1350562 from the National Science Foundation. NH Audubon Society provided assistance in tabulating the field results. Support at the test sites was provided by US Cellular, and NH Fish and Game Department--Milford Fish Hatchery.
文摘The purpose of this study was to examine the behavioral impact of varying LED （light emitting diode） spectral emissions on avian species. A novel oculo-neuro-motor response to monochromatic LEDs has been identified. LED colored light of sufficient intensity matched to the short-wavelength cones of avian species can efficiently diminish overall visual perception leading to an augmented behavioral response. The study method involved monitoring the change in behavioral response after exposure to high brightness monochromatic LED light to wild Osprey （Pandion haliaetus） foraging and nesting in their natural environment. Our results demonstrated a statistically significant change in foraging behaviors with wild Osprey （p = 0.005） and in nesting behavior as a result of exposure to high brightness monochromatic LED light. An augmented behavioral responses was observed which is believed to be analogous to human reaction to solar glare and glint. The neuroimaging mechanism of avian species is discussed. This novel augmented behavioral response provides a new technique of studying the neuroscience of temporal and spatial light stimulus. A non-lethal deterrence technique involving the augmented behavioral response could mitigate mortality and morbidity of avian-human conflict in areas such as airports, airplane bird strikes, and wind turbines.
文摘The infrared camera is a curious object for the animals of Changtang.Often covered in camouflage or army green,it looks very"professional".But once I saw the photos they took,I knew the camouflage did not work at all.Most animals could see the cameras without any problem.Some of them showed various degrees of interest in the cameras,while others acted indifferently.To tell the truth,it is not easy to hide something in Changtang.
文摘Urbanization causes wildlife habitat loss, fragmentation, and the replacement of specialist species by generalists and/or exotic taxa. Because mesocarnivores are particularly vulnerable to habitat modifications, the rapid expansion of urban areas and the increasing trend for ex-urban development occurring in Mediterranean ecosystems may be major drivers of change in mesocamivore communities. We combined camera trapping and sign surveys to quantify the richness and relative abundance of a set of wild and domestic mesocarnivores. We quantified these variables controlling for the gradient of urbanism, ex-urbanism, and other environmental variables in patches of natural vegetation in the region of Madrid （central Spain）, and a non-urbanized control area -220 km south of Madrid city. Using conditional autoregressive models （CAR） and model selection procedures, we found that urbanization influenced mesocarnivore community composition but this influence was not detrimental for all the species tested. Generalist carnivores such as the red fox Vulpes vulpes were more abundant in urban and ex-urban areas. Ex-urban development creates overlapping areas between wild and domestic species （such as the domestic cat Felis catus and the wildcat Felis silvestris） but contact between wild and domestic carnivores in natural areas is unlikely. Detection of species in the control area was very low. Therefore, the impact of urbanization in causing changes in mesocarnivore communities may be less than other factors such as illegal predator culling [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 793-801, 2015].
文摘Urbanization and exotic species are major threats to the conservation of forest-dependent wildlife species. Some emblematic species, indicators of habitat quality for the conservation of other spe- cies, might successfully be reintroduced within cities when habitat restoration and pest manage- ment programs are combined. We studied the landscape resource selection of juvenile kaka Nestor meridionalis tracked with Global Positioning System （GPS） units and released into the predator- free reserve of Zealandia in Wellington city, New Zealand. Kaka moved beyond the predator exclu- sion fence into urban suburbs. The home range size and areas of high use estimated using local convex hull （a-LoCoH） ranged from 20 to 240 ha and 2 to 21 ha, respectively. Using resource selec- tion functions and model selection we found that native forest patches and urban areas close to the reserve were selected by kaka to establish their home ranges. At a lower scale of selection （i.e., se- lection of habitats within home ranges）, kaka selected the same habitat, but not necessarily those close to the reserve. Native forest patches throughout the city can facilitate the dispersal of individ- uals, while the reserve provides protection and opportunities for supplementary feeding. Urban areas might have been selected due to the placement of feeders in private backyards. Survival of forest-dwelling species in cities requires careful urban planning and management to provide the necessary habitat patches, refugia, and food sources.
