辽东地区人工培育野生性和纯洁性山野菜的必要措施

山野菜属药食两用植物,在辽东地区人工栽培广、种类多,由于人们在栽培生产过程中忽略了其野生性和纯洁性,使山野菜无公害、纯天然性逐渐消失。文章通过对当地山野菜资源栽培情况分析,提出了切实可行的保护性人工培育措施。

水疱性口炎病毒对小鼠乳腺癌4T1细胞荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤免疫、移植瘤生长与肺转移的影响

目的:探究野生型水疱性口炎病毒印第安纳株(VSV-IN)对小鼠三阴性乳腺癌4T1细胞移植模型小鼠的免疫调节及肿瘤转移的影响。方法:VSV以MOI=1、MOI=10、MOI=100感染4T1细胞12、24、48 h后,CCK-8法检测4T1细胞死亡率,划痕愈合实验检测细胞迁移能力,qPCR检测细胞中E-cadherin、MMP-2、MMP-9 mRNA的表达。于雌性BALB/c小鼠脂肪垫接种1×10^(6)个/mL的4T1细胞0.1 mL,构建4T1细胞荷瘤小鼠模型,待小鼠肿瘤体积达200 mm3,分别向移植瘤内注射PBS、紫杉醇(TAX)(15 mg/kg)、VSV-IN(1×10^(6)pfu/只),每周1次。给药4次后,处死小鼠、剥离完整移植瘤组织,测量肿瘤体积及质量,肺组织病理切片经H-E染色后观察肿瘤肺部转移结节,流式细胞术检测脾组织中T细胞亚群比例,ELISA法检测小鼠血清IL-6及TNF-α水平,利用GEPIA在线分析乳腺肿中迁移相关蛋白mRNA的表达,免疫组化法检测肿瘤中MMP-2、MMP-9与E-cadherin的表达,利用蛋白-蛋白对接技术预测VSV-IN的G蛋白、M蛋白与ERK2、E-cadherin的亲和力。结果:经MOI=10、100的VSV-IN处理48 h后,4T1细胞死亡率显著高于对照组(均P<0.01);与对照组相比,VSV-IN组(MOI=10)细胞迁移率明显降低(P<0.01),MMP-9 mRNA的相对表达量明显降低(P<0.05);与对照组小鼠相比,VSV-IN组移植瘤生长较对照组减缓且终点体积显著减小(P<0.05),VSV-IN组小鼠肺转移结节数量显著减少[(12.86±1.86)vs(24±3.67)个,P<0.01],脾内CD4^(+)T、CD8^(+)T细胞比例显著升高(均P<0.05),血清TNF-α、IL-6含量显著升高(均P<0.01);GEPIA分析发现在乳腺癌中E-cadherin、MMP-9表达水平均高于癌旁组织(P<0.05);VSV-IN组小鼠肿瘤细胞内MMP-9表达明显低于对照组(P<0.05);VSV-IN的G、M蛋白与ERK2的结合自由能分别为–11.7 kcal/mol、–6.4 kcal/mol。结论:野生型VSV-IN可抑制4T1细胞荷瘤小鼠的移植瘤生长及转移,这可能与其促进抗肿瘤免疫及调控迁移相关蛋白表达有关。

帕尼单抗治疗K-RAS野生型转移性结直肠癌的观察与护理

目的针对帕尼单抗治疗K-RAS野生型转移性结直肠癌的疗效与护理,观察其化疗毒性反应。方法回顾41例转移性结直肠癌的病人,接受帕尼单抗治疗,治疗中对化疗毒性反应给予积极有效的护理。结果截止至2013年7月,41例转移性结直肠癌病人,部分缓解6例,稳定20例,进展13例,无法评价2例,出现不同程度的皮疹41例,注射部位反应或者注射部位周围的反应1例,肝肾功能损害较轻。结论帕尼单抗治疗在曾接受过治疗的、患有野生型K-RAS转移性结直肠癌患者中,取得较好的疗效,毒副反应不可忽视,积极有效的护理可预防和减少不良反应的发生,确保整个治疗顺利进行。

青枯菌的运动性野生型菌株的发现和鉴定

运用 SMM半固体平板法和悬滴法 ,检测了不同来源的青枯菌野生型菌株 1 0 7株 ,发现 3 0株有明显运动性的青枯菌野生型菌株 ,这与在科学界沿用至今已有 2 0多年的青枯菌野生型菌株没有运动性 [1 1 ]的观点不相符。青枯菌的运动性分为爬行运动和游泳运动 2种方式 ,具有爬行运动能力的青枯菌还表现游泳运动性。同时笔者对数个有运动性的野生型菌株进行了检测、鉴定 ,结果显示 ,被检测菌株的检测性状与前人测定的结果相符 [1～ 4] 。

中国犬源性和野生动物源性内脏利什曼病的研究进展

我国内脏利什曼病在整个演化过程中反映出不同的流行病学特点，从原始野生动物经犬到人的三个演化阶梯，即野生动物源性内脏利什曼病、犬源性内脏利什曼病和人源性内脏利什曼病。我国陇南川北山区是内脏利什曼病自然疫源地和犬源性内脏利什曼病并存的疫区。人偶尔可直接从野生动物宿主经野生中华白蛉而感染，而更多的是野生动物宿主通过野生白蛉由犬再经白蛉传染给人。阐明这一传播关系，从理论上探讨内脏利什曼病的起源和演化规律，按其各自的特点和规律来制定计划，将对内脏利什曼病和媒介白蛉的预防与控制的实施具有重要指导意义。

酸马奶提取植物乳杆菌DSM20174细菌素的理化特性研究

为研究从酸马奶中提取的植物乳杆菌DSM20174细菌素的理化特性,本试验提纯植物乳杆菌DSM20174细菌素,经过硫酸铵沉淀、透析后得到细菌素粗提液,再利用SephadexG-100凝胶柱层析进行纯化后,细菌素的比活力明显增加,达到154.70AU/mL,得率为43.5%。采用牛津杯法测定纯化的植物乳杆菌DSM20174细菌素在3种不同方式处理下对牛源野生致病性大肠杆菌O78抑菌效果的影响。结果显示：1植物乳杆菌DSM20174细菌素在5组温度处理下,随着温度的升高抑菌作用降低,各组抑菌作用差异显著（P〈0.05）。即使121℃处理30min后,抑菌直径仍达14.90mm。2植物乳杆菌DSM20174细菌素在pH 2.0-12.0由低到高的11组酸碱处理下,pH越大抑菌直径越小,且除了pH 9.0和pH 10.0之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）外,其余各组抑菌作用均差异显著（P〈0.05）。3植物乳杆菌DSM20174细菌素经胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶3种酶处理后抑菌直径变化明显,处理前后抑菌作用均差异显著（P〈0.05）。结果表明植物乳杆菌DSM20174细菌素是较好的抑菌活性物质,但不是热稳定性物质;具有较广泛的pH适用范围,且pH越小时其抑菌活性越强,在最适生长pH时抑菌活性有所增强;不是蛋白酶稳定性物质。

锡林郭勒盟地区酸马奶提取的植物乳杆菌DSM20174的理化特性研究

为研究从内蒙古锡林郭勒盟地区酸马奶中提取的植物乳杆菌DSM20174的抑菌能力和抑菌活性物质的特性，采用牛津杯法将植物乳酸杆菌的菌液和发酵上清液在3种处理方式下，对牛源野生致病性大肠杆菌O78。的抑菌效果进行分析。结果表明：植物乳杆菌DSM20174的菌液和发酵上清液即使在121℃，30min处理后，抑菌直径达仍达到14．10和14．40mm；在pH=2．0时，菌液和发酵上清液的抑菌直径为21．9和22．1mm；而当pH：4．0时抑菌活性明显下降，前者为14．8mm，后者为14．9mm；pH5．0～7．0时，抑菌直径为0：二者分别经胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶的反应后，处理前组和处理后组抑菌直径变化均不明显。在3种处理方式下，发酵上清液的抑菌直径均大于同组的菌液的抑菌直径。因此，植物乳杆菌DSM20174是一种较好的抑菌活性物质和热稳定性物质，随着温度和时间的升高，抑菌活性降低。其在pH〈5．0的条件下有抑菌活性，随pH的升高抑菌活性降低，pH越小时抑菌活性越强，pH≥5．0时失去抑菌活性。对蛋白酶不敏感。在相同条件下，发酵上清液的抑菌作用强于菌液。

野生动物与人兽共患病

人类自诞生之日起就面临着传染病的困扰,一二百万年的人类史和一万年的文明史也是人类与传染病的斗争史。各种传染病的发生、发展和演变规律是什么?人类的传染病与野生动物、自然界的关系是什么?让我们谈谈人兽共患病中,人与野生动物、传染病病原体之间的爱恨情仇。

从中国经验开始——试论西南艺术的深度追求

本文以中国西南当代艺术为例 ,讨论中国当代艺术的深度追求。文章从架上艺术和观念艺术两个方面展开 ,具体分析西南前卫艺术具有代表性的展览、艺术家和作品 ,意在强调中国经验和深度追求在当代艺术创作中的价值。该文有十分明确的针对性 ,对已置身于全球性话语关系和后殖民文化情境的中国艺术 ,作者自有独特的见解 ,其新人文主义艺术倾向表现在对区域性、野生性和个人性的关注之中。

贵阳市高坡乡杉坪村古森林残存群落及银杏种群调查──贵州省银杏古森林残存群落考察资料Ⅲ

贵阳市高坡乡杉坪村古森林残存群落，系黔中高原又一处岩溶山地“落叶与常绿阔叶林混交”的残存部分。以其具有大量代表树种和残存的古树而命名。银杏是该残存群落的优势成分。保存着大量不同物候型年龄级的个体，有金字塔型的种群结构和较强的群落更新力。因此，被认定为野生性银杏种群。在扩大考察的基础上作者推断：以高坡乡为中心的古代，可能存在着一个面积较大的古银杏分布群体。

Physiological Analysis on Mechanisms of Cold-tolerance of Dongxiang Wild Rice(Ⅰ)

[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of soluble substance concentration in cell and the scavenging activity of active oxygen radicals on the cold-tolerance physiology of Dongxiang wild rice.[Method] Dongxiang wild rice was used as materials to detect and compare the content of soluble sugar,free proline and soluble protein,POD activity,CAT activity,MDA content in the leaves in different growth periods.Using with control of two species of common cultivated rice Xieqingzao and Nongda 288.[Resul...

Effects of dendritic cells transfected with full-length wild-type p53 and stimulated by gastric cancer lysates on immune response

AIM: To investigate the effects of dendritic cells (DCs) transfected with full-length wild-type p53 and stimulated by gastric cancer lysates on immune response.METHODS: The wild-type p53 was transduced to DCs with adenovirus, and the DCs were stimulated by gastric cancer lysates. The surface molecules (B7-1, B7-2, MHC-I, MHC-II) of all DCs were detected by FACS, and the ability of the DCs to induce efficient and specific immunological response inanti-^51Cr-labeled target cells was studied. BALB/c mice injected with DCs and Mk28 were established, and CTL response in mice immunized with Lywt-p53DC was evaluated.Tumor-bearing mice were treated with Lywt-p53DC.RESULTS: The surface molecules of Lywt-p53DC had a high expression of B7-1 (86.70±0.07%), B7-2 (18.77±0.08%),MHC-I (87.20±0.05%) and MHC-II (56.70±0.07%); T lymphocytes had a specific CTL lysis ability induced by Lywt-p53DC; the CTL lysis rate was as high as 81%. The immune protection of Lywtp-53DC was obvious, the tumor diameter in Lywtp-53DC group was 3.10+0.31 ram, 2.73±0.23 ram,3.70±0.07 mm on d 13, 16 and 19, respectively, which were smaller than control, DC, wtp53DC and LyDC group (P<0.05). Tumor growth rate in Lywtp53DC group was slower than that in other groups (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: DCs transfected with wild-type p53 and stimulated by gastric cancer lysates have specific CTL killing activity.

外源性人野生型p53基因转染导致兔动脉硬化斑块的不稳定性

目的 建立动脉粥样硬化不稳定性斑块的动物模型。方法 6 4只雄性纯种新西兰大白兔随机分成A组 (5 4只 )与B组 (1 0只 ) ,A组用球囊损伤腹主动脉 +高脂喂养 1 0周 ,B组仅给予高脂喂养 1 0周。于 8周末将A组随机分为A1和A2两个亚组 ,在腹主动脉斑块形成处分别转染携带人野生型 p5 3基因或LacZ基因的重组腺病毒载体 ,2周后A1 (p5 3基因 )和A2 (LacZ基因 )组各处死1 0只 ,观察斑块自发破裂情况。分别给予余下的兔中国斑点蝰蛇毒 (CRVV)和组胺药物触发斑块破裂 ,然后将兔处死取出腹主动脉进行病理学及免疫组化检查。实验开始及处死前进行血脂检查。结果 A1组转染 p5 3阳性细胞数比其他两组明显增加 (分别为 32 4 %± 1 0 2 %,1 5 8%± 3 6 %,1 6 2 %± 6 7%,P均 <0 0 0 1 ) ,细胞凋亡率明显高于其他两组 (分别为 2 5 %± 0 8%,1 0 %±0 3%,0 9%± 0 4 %,P均 <0 0 1 ) ,斑块纤维帽显著变薄 (P <0 0 5 ) ,血管平滑肌细胞减少 ,巨噬细胞聚集 ,药物触发后有 1 2只共 2 0处发生斑块破裂及血栓形成 ,A2组中 ,药物触发后仅 5只 7处发生斑块破裂。B组未见斑块破裂及血栓形成。结论 应用外源性人野生型p5 3基因转染动脉硬化兔可导致斑块的不稳定性 。

小议连枷

农业是由采集经济发展而来的①,因而收获农具是最早出现的农具。若采集谷类作物,则随后而产生的应是脱粒、加工工具。但一些文献中往往对脱粒工具谈得不多,有的甚至一字不提。尽管古代的作物因野生性较强,子粒成熟后容易自动脱落,但毕竟还是有要人工脱粒的。所以,脱粒农具在农具中也应是占有一定地位的。

Research Progress on Genetic Diversity and Its Ecological Conservation of Endangered Dongxiang Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.)

It is of great importance for the analysis on genetic evolution mechanism, and rice breeding utilization by estimation and protection of genetic diversity of pre- sent DXWR （Oryza rufipogon Griff.）. This study has summarized genetic diversity and protection achievements of DXWR from many aspects like varied conservations, years, generations, other species of wild rice and cultivated rice. In this study, a u- nified and scientific evaluation system of genetic diversity is encouraged to be built and suggestions on research prospect and ecological conservation of DXWR genetic diversity have been proposed.

Study on the Flowering,Fruiting and Seed Setting Characteristic of Wild Watermelon

[Objective] The flowering,fruiting and seed setting characteristic of wild watermelon were discussed in our paper.[Method] The flowering and fruiting habit of wild watermelon were observed,and the effect of different pollination methods（mixed pollination,single flower pollination and natural pollination）on fruit set percentage,weight per fruit,seeds per fruit and thousand-seed weight of wild watermelon were studied in our paper.[Result] Wild watermelon had few female flowers and low fruit set percentage;artificial pollination could not increase the fruit set percentage of wild watermelon obviously,but it could improve weight per fruit,seed yield and quality significantly,and mixed pollination was the best.[Conclusion] Our study could provide reference for the improvement of hybrid seed yield and quality of wild watermelon.

Effect of Low Temperature and Sparse Light Conditions on Cold Tolerance of Different Rice Lines at Seedling Stage

Low temperature and sparse light in early spring is one of the factors causing reduction for rice production. So it is important to develop cold tolerance cultivars. In the present study, cold tolerance characters of 36 parents and 423 rice lines from 68 hybrid groups were investigated at seedling stage under low tempera- ture and sparse light conditions in field. There were 10 parent accessions with strong cold tolerance of level 1. Among them, 3 were common wild rice accessions; 4 were japonica rice cultivars; 2 were indica rice; 1 was offspring from hybrid be- tween indica and japonica.There were 33 lines with strong cold tolerance of level 1 from the hybrid groups of common wild rice,and 15 from the hybrid groups of IRBB5, and only 3 from the hybrid groups of BPHR96. There were abundant cold tolerance resources in rice germplasm. It was feasible to develop cold tolerance cul- tivars from the hybrids among common wild rice, japonica cultivars and indica culti- vars.

Akebia ― a valuable wild fruit under domestication

Akebia is a wild fruit originating in the Yangtse river valley and the surrounding areas. It includes mainly three species （subspecies）： Akebia trifoliata, Akebia trifoliata subsp, australis, and Akebia quinata. It has many good traits, such as large fruit size, early fruit-setting and high yield, excellent eating quality, and good environmental adaptability. However, there are some shortcomings with the fruit, including thick skin, excessive number of seeds, and relatively small proportion of edible flesh. Akebia is also a traditional Chinese medicine, which has the functions of relieving internal heat and diuresis, dredging venation and improving blood circulation, cleansing facial chloasma, detoxication and anti-cancer activities. Akebia can be used as fresh fruit, for processing, and for pharmaceutical purposes. We have been undertaking a series of research on the domestication and utilization of Akebia, including cultivar selection, techniques for cultivation, storage and processing, and related basic studies. A Chinese trade name “Hehuanguo” and an English trade name “Joyfruit” have been registered for Akebia to facilitate its commercial development.