豆啮叶野螟的识别与防治

豆啮叶野螟(Omiodes indicata)在我国分广泛,是大豆主要食叶类害虫之一。近年来,随着大豆种植面积扩大,该害虫发生呈加重趋势。文章介绍了豆啮叶野螟的分布与危害、形态特征及防治方法,旨在为生产上正确识别和有效防控该害虫提供参考。

野皂荚豆及其化学成分的研究

经测定野皂荚豆中粗蛋白含量达22.12%,内胚乳占种子组成的41.37%。通过纸层析、高效液相色谱及红外光谱分析表明内胚乳中含有66.7 %的半乳甘露聚糖 ,半乳糖与甘露糖配比为1:3.2。本文为综合开发利用野皂荚豆资源提供了科学依据。

Sampling Strategy Within a Wild Soybean Population Based on Its Genetic Variation Detected by ISSR Markers

In order to determine an appropriate sampling strategy for the effective conservation of wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.) in China, a natural population from Jiangwan Airport in Shanghai was studied for its genetic diversity through the inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker analysis of a sample set consisting of 100 randomly collected individuals. A relatively large genetic diversity was detected among the samples based on estimation of DNA products amplified from 15 selected ISSR primers, with the similarity coefficient varying from 0.17 to 0.89. The mean expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.171 4 per locus, and Shannon index (1) was 0.271 4. The Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCA) further indicated that genetic diversity of the Jiangwan wild soybean population was not evenly distributed, instead, was presented by a mosaic or clustered distribution pattern. Correlation study between genetic diversity and number of samples demonstrated that genetic diversity increased dramatically with the increase of number of samples within 40 individuals, but the increase became slow and rapidly reached a plateau when more than 40 individuals were included in the analysis. It is concluded that (i) a sample set of approximately 35-45 individuals should be included to represent possibly high genetic diversity when conservation of a wild soybean population ex situ is undertaken; and (ii) collection of wild soybean samples should be spread out as wide as possible within a population, and a certain distance should be kept as intervals among individuals for sampling.

Discussion on the Problem of Salt Gland of Glycine soja

Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc. plants living in saline soil in three provinces of China were treated with different salinity concentrations under different laboratory culture conditions (including solution, sand and field cultivation). The attachment shape and distribution on the surface of stalk and leaf of G. soja plants were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the ultrastructure of glandular hair with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Na+ and Cl- contents in the secretion of the leaf surface and inside the leaf of G. soja subjected to different treatments were measured. The Na+ relative contents in glandular cells, epidermal cells and mesophyllous cells of leaves under different salinities were determined by X-ray microanalysis. Results show that only glandular and epidermal hair exist on the surface attachments of leaves and stalks of G. soja plants. These glandular hair were similar in shape to some salt glands of Gramineae halophytes, and they attached to the vein on the leaf surface. The cell structure of the glandular hair showed the characteristics of common salt glands, such as big vacuoles, dense cytoplasm, a great deal of mitochondria, chloroplast, plasmodesmata and thicker cell walls, etc. The results of Na+ and Cl- contents in the leaf secretion and inside the leaf showed that the glandular hair executed the function of salt-secretion, and when treated with the salt gland inhibitor the salt-secretion process was inhibited. As a result, Na+ and Cl- were mainly accumulated inside G. soja leaves. The results of Na+ X-ray microanalysis under different salinities proved that the three cells of the glandular hair, especially the top cell, possessed strong competence for Na+ accumulation. Above all, the glandular hair were the salt gland, and no other kind of salt glands were found on G. soja plants. The secreting mechanism of the salt gland was also discussed.

Study on Structure Evolution of Leaves of 3 Plants in Vicia

This study was conducted to compare leaf anatomical structures and ap- parent plant print characteristics of 3 Vicia plants from Changbai Mountains applying structural botany principle and fingerprint identification technology, aiming at dis- cussing the structure evolution law of Vicia plants and providing scientific reference for research about classification, genetic relationship and evolutionary trend of this genus. The comparison of leaf anatomical structures of Vicia lilacina, V. pseu- dorobus and V. unijuga showed that： V. unijuga has tidily arranged leaf epidermal cells, thickened outer tangential wall cuticle, large diameter of xylem vessels, and developed midrib fibrocytes which form vascular bundle sheaths. Plant print identifi- cation results showed that the tested 3 plants showed remarkable differences in leaf apparent texture and anticlinal wall type though plant print characteristics of appar- ent structures of plants in the same genus had homologous similarity. V. lilacina has no subsidiary cells, and apparent textures of V. pseudorobus and V. unijuga are both of paracytic unequal type. Statistical analysis showed that V. unijuga is more advanced than V. pseudorobus. The 3 tested plants are in evolutionary rela- tionship of V. lilacina〈V, pseudorobus〈V, unijuga.

Screening for Glyphosate Resistant Wild Soybean(Glycine soja) and Study on Its Physiological Mechanisms of Resistance

[Objective] This study aimed to preliminarily determine the physiological mechanism of glyphosate resistance produced in wild soybean（Glycine soja） and further provide a basis for the breeding of glyphosate-resistant soybean. [Method] First,a screening for glyphosate resistant varieties among sixty-seven wild soybean materials was done in a field trial; subsequently, physiological indexes of the screened resistant variety ZYD0685 and the sensitive variety ZYD0790 were studied. [Result]At the glyphosate dose of 1.23 kg a.i/hm2, glyphoaste resistance varied greatly among different wild soybean materials, with the highest survival rate of 87% and83% occurring in ZYD0685 and ZYD2405, respectively, and that of another seven accessions ranged from 2.7% to 38%, and all the remaining fifty-eight soybean materials died. After treatment with glyphoaste at different doses, there were no significant differences in chlorophyll content and shikimate content in the resistant ZYD0685, but there was an evident increase in the activity of gultathione-S-transferases（GSTs）; while in the sensitive ZYD0790, the content of shikimic acid increased significantly, and chlorophyll content decreased significantly, and GSTs activity revealed a slight change. [Conclusion] Therefore, lowering the amount of accumulated shikimic acid is the major physiological response to glyphosate in wild soybean.

灯下诱集的亚洲玉米螟成虫形态近似种的鉴别

尖双突野螟[Sitochroa verticalis(Linnaeus)]、豆扇野螟[Pleuroptya ruralis(Scopoli)]、横线镰翅野螟[Circobotys heterogenalis(Bremer)]与亚洲玉米螟[Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)]均为草螟科昆虫,这几种昆虫的成虫在外部形态上极其相似,在利用测报灯对亚洲玉米螟种群动态进行监测时,常误将这3种草螟科的昆虫当做亚洲玉米螟,从而影响亚洲玉米螟种群动态及预测预报的准确性。为此本文对以上3种草螟科昆虫及亚洲玉米螟成虫的形态进行描述,并结合其线粒体COⅠ基因序列进行了种类鉴定,同时还利用稳定碳同位素技术对其寄主植物来源进行了分析。

星草诗选

顺昌县工商行《星草》诗社自1986年夏开办以来,先后编印了18期诗报,在诗界广泛联谊、切磋。著名诗人蔡其娇、舒婷曾给予《星草》热情指教,有的作家、诗人还寄来多首诗歌,截至目前,该社已在我刊、《中国金融》、《城市金融报》、《福建日报》、《绿源》等报刊发表了70余首诗歌。我们热切希望广大读者拿起笔来,为活跃金融系统的文艺创作作出努力。现再选登《星草》诗刊上的诗歌三首。

Response of Vicia angustifolia L.Seed Germination and Growth to Drought Stress

Seeds germination and seedling stages were studied on the legume seeds of Vicia angustifolia L. to reveal the effects of drought stress on germination char- acteristics and water absorption characteristics. The results showed that the rate of seed water uptake,germination percentage,germination index,vigor index,seedling height,root length and plant water content decreased with the increase of concen- tration of PEG stress. However,seedling and root dry weight and root/shoot ratio ini- tially increased followed by a decrease. The lowest osmotic potential threshold was -0.42 MPa.

Research Progress of Wild Soybean Germplasms and Utilization

Wild soybean （Glycine soja） is the wild relative species of cultivated soy- bean, which is of high protein content, strong tolerance and high propagation coeffi- cient. The diverse growing conditions of wild soybean in China contribute to numer- ous phenotypes of wild soybean, which also reflect the evolution process through long-term natural and artificial selection. The research progress of wild soybean germpfasms was summarized in resource status and innovative utilization in order to provide information for research of wild soybean germplasms.

Research Progress on the Genetic Diversity of Wild Soybean in China

Wild soybean is recognized as the relative wild species of cultivate soy- bean. China is rich in wild soybean resources. In the past 30 years, domestic scholars have carried out a large quantity of studies on the genetic diversity of wild soybean in China, which have laid the theoretical foundation for the protection and utilization of wild soybean resources. In this paper, the research progress on the genetic diversity of wild soybean in China at the phenotypic, biochemical and molecular levels of wild soybean was reviewed, and the future development of the research on the genetic diversity of wild soybean was introduced.

Gene flow from transgenic roundup-ready soybean to wild soybean

A study was conducted in the field of the Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu province from July 2000 to August 2003. The transgenic roundup-ready soybean was sown in the middle of the field in a circular manner for 5 circles, with the distance of 3 m, from one circle to another. Then the wild soybean was planted in plots as the rays of the circles in 8 directions (N, E, W, S, NE, NW, SE and SW), spaced every 5 m until 50 m. Each plot comprised 25 plants. In the second year, the wild soybean seeds from the first year were planted in the field together with the original wild soybean as check. Before flowering time, high concentrations of roundups (about 4-5 times of the normal dose) were sprayed on the plants and the surviving plants were identified. The leaves were taken to the lab for DNA extraction to determine the unique DNA for roundup-ready soybean (CTAB method). About 2% of the plants survived, but some leaves were yellow. One plant of wild soybean was found to have the roundup-ready gene from the original roundup-ready soybean. The other surviving wild soybeans should also had some fragments of the roundup tolerance gene. However, the DNA bands were not very clear in the PCR map.

Wild Soybean Germplasm Resources Conservation and Use in Shandong Province

Glycine soja or wild soybean is the wild ancestor of the soybean, being an important source for property improvement and variety breeding. With abundant wild soybeans, their habitat is undermining, and wild soybeans are facing increasing- ly threatened in Shandong if measures are not taken yet. Besides, wild soybean germplasm is far from further exploiting or using. The research analyzed status quo and problems of wild soybean germplasm posed countermeasures or suggestions in crop germplasm conservation and use. resources conservation and use and pro- order to provide references for agricultural crop germplasm conservation and use.

Circadian Rhythm of Root＇s Apical Meristem Mitosis Cells of Soybean

The circadian rhythms of apical meristem mitosis cells of the two types of soybean were investigated： wild soybeans - Glycine max （L.） Merr. （G. hispida Max.）, G. soja Sieb., and Zucc （G, ussuriensis Reg. and Maack）; and the hybrids of their homozygous forms （F6）. Representatives of the initial kinds and interspecific hybrids for reproduction were grown up in comparable conditions. Seeds of a soybean were grown up at 24℃ in Petri cups in thermostat in darkness during winter. For research of mitotic meristem cages activity the tips of roots were fixed temporal by acetoalcohol （fractional fixing） from 1 p.m. till 12 a.m., further up to 12 p.m. each 60 minutes. Acetokarmin was used for preparing the coloring. For researching of mitotic indexes, there have been analyzed from 6 up to 10 thousand cells at each stage （during each moment of time： 01 hour, 02, 03 06 ... 12, 13 ... 18 hours and further）. Within a day （day ＋ night） in cells of root apical meristem, three mitosis ＂waves＂ in each of the investigated forms with an absolute starting point of rest at 12 p.m., with precisely expressed further periodicity were found out. Each of the investigated forms misses in character of wave processes, on a degree of increase and recession of mitosis waves, on the level of mitotic indexes. Maximal mitotic activity at all the investigated forms is noted at 6 and 12 a.m. and 6 p.m.

Inheritance of the Anatomy--Morphological Structure of the Stalk by Interspecific Hybrids of the Glycine L.

The research focuses on the study of anatomical and morphological stalk structure ofsoya interspecific hybrids of the third generation （F3） between （Glycine max （L.） Merr.） and G. soja Sieb. et Zucc. in comparison with parent plant species. The parent plant species and interspecific hybrids were sowed and grew under similar conditions. The similarity of the anatomic structure of stalks of cultivated plants and Glycine soja （wild soya） proves the hypothesis the studied species have the same origin. However, the obtained results show the considerable degree of phylogenetic dissociation between the studied soya species. Interspecific hybrids inherit from G. soja the ability to high intensive growth. The G. soja use in practical selective breeding is of great interest.

Influences of Temperature Regime on Germination of Seed of Wild Soybean(Glycine soja)

As an important plant species with high protein contents,wild soybean(Glycine soja),has drawn much attention and appeared to be useful for the genetic improvement of soybean germplasms.Since temperature is one of the numerous environmental factors affecting the germination of most plants,an experimental study was carried out to determine the effect of temperature on germination of wild soybean(G.soja)seeds.Germination test was conducted by setting up thirty-six constant and alternating temperature regimes,ranging from 5 to 40 ℃(16 h night/8 h day).Responses in germination rate to these temperature regimes were then used to construct a quadratic response surface,giving estimated germination rates with confidence intervals at P ≤ 0.05.The results showed that germination capacity was significantly greater while exposed to constant temperatures of 25 ℃,and under the alternating temperature regime the optimum temperature occurred at the 20/25,25/25,25/30 ℃ regime(16 h/8 h)with the amplitude widened from 0 to 5 ℃.Together with regional monthly climate data,these results could be used to improve and promote the cultivation of wild soybean(G.soja),making it available to develop the location-specific optimum seeding time and to apply weed-control treatments.

河南省螟蛾种类调查

螟虫灾害常常和蝗虫灾害与与水旱灾害可以相提并论,属于重大的自然灾害之一.据周尧(1980)《中国昆虫学史》记述,河南省螟虫发生的历史,始于公元278年.至于河南境内各地的县志及碑文等,虽未经评尽稽考,但是河南地处南北要冲,南北方昆虫分布的交替地带,种类繁多,发生情况复杂.而有关河南省门螟蛾种类的文献资料查阅结果,仅有28种.作者根据我校从1953年至1983年所积累的螟蛾标本,以及我省各地区寄赠和借阅的标本.共计列出螟蛾科昆虫67种,分属于8个亚科,叙述于后.

豆叶帆(外一首)

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小豆子“魔术师”

五千年前,人们在自然中发现了匍匐在大地上的野豆,它朴实无华,富含营养。野豆被培育后,形态发生了重大的变化。它站立起来,成为世界上最主要的植物蛋白质来源。它千变万化,发展出各种样貌,出现在世界的各个角落,浸润人们的生活,养育生命。大豆是我国重要粮食作物之一,含有丰富的植物蛋白质,常用来做各种豆制食品、榨取豆油、酿造酱油……