TKX-50点火反应温度场量值计算方法

针对单质含能材料TKX-50点火反应过程的温度场测量,基于定标纹影法原理,搭建了透射式纹影测量系统,建立了待测温度场与折射率之间的一一映射模型,结合Abel量值计算方法反演出待测温度场分布曲线。开展了不同条件下TKX-50点火反应温度场测量实验,获得了点火反应过程的纹影图像。结果表明TKX-50点火反应过程的峰值温度最大值约为1 200 K,该方法有效实现了TKX-50点火反应过程温度场演变规律的可视化测量。

无功补偿不及时对母线不平衡电量值超标的影响

通常，变电所一般都要进行母线不平衡电量值计算，母线电量是否平衡主要反映电量供给有无漏计、少计、错计等。造成母线不平衡电量值超标的原因很多，但比较常见的原因有如下4种：①电能表的校验准确度；②二次接线是否正确、有无断线；③电缆是否完好；④互感器准确度及其二次保险有无熔断等。另外还有一个比较特殊的原因是无功补偿不及时，但由于这种情况发生的几率较少，并且比较隐蔽，一般易被忽略，造成现场检查工作费时费力。现以笔者在现场发现的一起事例对其进行分析。

无功补偿不及时对母线不平衡电量值超标的影响

众所周知，变电所一般都要进行母线不平衡电量值计算。母线电量是否平衡主要反映电量供给有无漏计、少计、错计等。造成母线不平衡电量值超标的原因很多，但比较常见的原因有：①电能表的校验准确度：②二次接线是否正确、有无断线；③电缆是否完好：④互感器准确度及其二次保险有无熔断等。另外还有一个比较特殊的原因是无功补偿不及时。由于这种情况发生的几率较少，并且比较隐蔽，一般不容易被发现，易被忽略，造成现场检查工作费时费力。

地铁站点选址数值模型的研究

地铁站点选址具有较大的意义,好的站点选择对乘客人流的分配、周边建筑物的影响、交通的缓解等具有较大的优化。本文以实际案例分析,根据站点的详细概述,确定站点具体位置的选择,做好相应的线路规划,通过换乘站选址方案量值计算,将数值标准化后对构建的地铁站点选址进行模型的评价,以此达到我们预期的目标,即效益的最大化。

关于黄土湿陷性评价和剩余湿陷量的新认识

在总结诸多大型浸水现场试验成果的基础上，提出了一些关于湿陷性评价方法和剩余湿陷量合理控制等问题的新认识，目的是为了修正自重湿陷性黄土场地的自重湿陷量计算值与其实测值之间的差异，并减小地基处理深度。在获取自重湿陷量的计算值时，引进了一个深度修正系数ξ，使自重湿陷量和湿陷量的计算值接近实测值，这在一定程度上降低了较深部位黄土的剩余湿陷量。在获取湿陷量计算值时，提出了扩大湿陷系数阈值（0．015）的方案，并与深度修正系数ξ联合使用，达到了扩大湿陷量的计算值和降低较深土层的剩余湿陷量的目的。提出了大厚度自重湿陷性黄土场地的湿陷临界深度的概念，通过若干资料将其初步确定为20-25m之间，结合深度修正系数和扩大湿陷系数阈值方法，使用湿陷临界深度概念，可以更为有效地降低较深土层的剩余湿陷量。新的研究思路可为自重湿陷性黄土场地的类似工程和黄土规范的修订提供一定的参考。

分流式湿度发生器的设计原理

本文介绍了分流式湿度发生器的工作流程 ,详细地阐述了发生器湿度量值计算的推导过程 。

EDLC charging performance for microgrid applications

In order to review storage performance of the electric double layer capacitor （EDLC） in microgrid applications, charging time and storage efficiency issues are mainly studied aiming at three different charging modes, including the constant voltage charging mode （CVCM）, the constant current charging mode （CCCM） and the constant power charging mode （CPCM）, based on the practical EDLC product. Numerical calculation methods are presented for different charging modes, and the charging efficiency is also reviewed with strict mathematical deductions, which is validated to be accurate enough and applicable through a simple case with the PV/EDLC system illustration. Finally, trade-off problems between charging time and energy loss are also studied. Research results show that the CPCM is more suitable for microgrid networks compared with the traditional constant-voltage and constant-current charging modes. The hybrid charging method is recommended to save energy and keep high efficiency relatively at the same time. However, how to manage the combination percentage of different charging modes in a reasonable way should be dealt with according to the practical requirements.

电涌保护器的选择及使用中应注意的问题

正确选择和使用电涌保护器(SPD)是保护电子设备的关键,SPD的选择及安装是防雷工程最重要的环节,如不能正确选择和安装电涌保护器就不可能起到保护设备的功能,甚至还会出现损坏设备的事故。从对电子设备进行雷击电磁脉冲防护的角度,重点阐述了安装多级SPD的依据以及在使用过程中应注意的事项。

对热学中温度换算关系式的质疑

目前,国内通用的热学教材中,在讲到摄氏温度与热力学温度的关系时,几乎都给出了如下的关系式:

Experimental Studies on Debris Flow with Logs Focusing on Specific Weight Difference of Log Species

There are many experimental approaches,field investigations and numerical calculations for movements of woods in a clear water and debris flow.However,kinematic conditions for accumulated logs and the interactions between a main flow and logs have not been fully evaluated.Mitigations for woods need taking into account the characteristics of tree species such as conifer and broad-leaf trees and of shapes such as root swells and crown.In the present study,we focus on the differences in specific weight of conifer and broad-leaf trees with some moisture in a sediment-water mixture flow with narrow flow width,and consider that conifer and broad-leaf tree are floating and submerged solid phase,respectively.Flume tests are conducted in steady flow of clear and debris flow over a rigid bed in order to evaluate conifer and broad-leaf tree movement in clear water and debris flow.Experimental data indicates that dimensionless transverse diffusion coefficient can be 0.1 to 0.4 and 0.3 to 0.9 in flow direction.Those diffusive characteristics seem to be independent of Reynolds number and Froude number,but dependent of bed slope,i.e.,gravity,though detailed considerations are needed to discuss about flow characteristics such as spatial eddy structures,momentum transfer induced by interactions of logs and so on.

Statistical Average of Spin Operators for Calculation of Three-Component Magnetization （II）： Solution of Equation

In this paper, the solution of Chebyshev equation with its argument being greater than 1 is obtained. The initial value of the derivative of the solution is the expression of magnetization, which is valid for any spin quantum number S. The Chebyshev equation is transformed from an ordinary differential equation obtained when we dealt with Heisenberg model, in order to calculate all three components of magnetization, by many-body Green＇s function under random phase approximation. The Chebyshev functions with argument being greater than 1 are discussed. This paper shows that the Chebyshev polynomials with their argument being greater than 1 have their physical application.

Heat calculation and numerical simulation in steam mining of permafrost gas hydrate

Steam mining method was injecting hot steam into the borehole to heat the hydrate strata at the same time of depressurization mining,which could promote further decomposition and expand mining areas of gas hydrate. Steam heat calculation would provide the basis for the design of heating device and the choice of the field test parameters. There were piping heat loss in the process of mining. The heat transfer of steam flowing in the pipe was steady,so the heat loss could be obtained easily by formula calculation. The power of stratum heating should be determined by numerical simulation for the process of heating was dynamic and the equations were usually nonlinear. The selected mining conditions were 500-millimeter mining radius,10 centigrade mining temperature and 180 centigrade steam temperature. Heat loss and best heating power,obtained by formula calculation and numerical simulation,were 21. 35 W/m and 20 kW.

Experimental and numerical analysis of secondary disasters induced by oxygen rich combustion within a tunnel

Various physical parameters, including gas concentrations (O2, CO, CH4, and H2) and temperatures at dif- ferent air velocities, were determined for full scale wood fires in the Chongqing Coal Research Institute fire test tunnel. Both experimental measurements and numerical simulations are discussed. The numer- ical analysis was performed with the computational fluid dynamics software package ''FLUENT''. The results show that the experimental data agree with the simulation results. The results verify that Roberts' theory of burning is correct. They also prove that the air velocity is the key factor that determines the type of combustion. Also, it is shown that secondary disasters are unlikely for oxygen rich combustion with a limited fire load.

Quantitative analysis on influencing factors for interface propagation-based thermal conductivity measurement method during solid-liquid transition

The recently proposed interface propagation-based method has shown its advantages in obtaining the thermal conductivity of phase change materials during solid-liquid transition over conventional techniques. However, in previous investigation, the analysis on the measurement error was qualitative and only focused on the total effects on the measurement without decoupling the influencing factors. This paper discusses the effects of influencing factors on the measurement results for the interface propagation-based method. Numerical simulations were performed to explore the influencing factors, namely model simplification, subcooling and natural convection, along with their impact on the measurement process and corresponding measurement results. The numerical solutions were provided in terms of moving curves of the solid-liquid interface and the predicted values of thermal conductivity. Results indicated that the impact of simplified model was strongly dependent on Stefan number of the melting process. The degree of subcooling would lead to underestimated values for thermal conductivity prediction. The natural convection would intensify the heat transfer rate in the liquid region, thereby overestimating the obtained results of thermal conductivity. Correlations and experimental guidelines are provided. The relative errors are limited in ±1.5%,±3%and ±2% corresponding to the impact of simplified model, subcooling and natural convection, respectively.

Calculation of the Energy Distribution of Electrons Emitted from Tungsten

The numerical calculation of the energy distribution of electrons emitted by the tungsten, for a triangular barrier and given reflection images, has been carried out. It is shown that the numerical solution of Schrodinger equation is the most effective method of calculation of the transparency of potential barrier among those used in work. I-V characteristics, which were calculated by the application of this method under different conditions, match the experimental data the best. The application of the numerical solution of Schrodinger equation for the calculation of transparency of the potential barrier enables the in-depth analysis of the tunnels phenomena and allows forecasting the effects which can not be received by application of Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation.

A Discussion about Reducing the Amount of Calculation of Direct Method

The general interpolation mentioned in this a rticle provides an effective way for reducing the amount of calculation of direc t optimal exploration. It has been testified by real case calculations that the interpolation is not only reliable but also can save the amount of calculation by nearly 36%. Large amount of calculation and lacking strict theoretical bas is has been th e two disadvantage of direct method by new. If this defect is not overcome, they will not only s eriously affect the application of this method, but also hinder its further rese arch. Based on sufficient calculation practice, this article has made a primary discussion about the theory and method of reducing the amount of calculation, an d has achieved some satisfactory results.

宝鸡某厂试坑浸水试验

湿陷性黄土场地分为非自重湿陷性黄土场地和自重湿陷性黄土场地两种。现行国家标准《湿陷性黄土地区建筑规范》（GB50025-2004）规定，当自重湿陷量的计标值△2S 或实测值△’2S 小于7cm时，应定为非自重湿陷性黄土场地；当自重湿陷量的计标值△2S 或实测值△’2S 等于或大于7cm时，应定为自重湿陷性黄土场地。在缺乏建筑经验的新建地区，为确定甲类建筑和地基受水浸湿可能性大的乙类建筑的场地湿陷类型，通常在工程现场采用试坑浸水试验的自重湿陷量的实测值确定。浸水试验的试坑多为方形或圆形，试坑尺寸可按湿陷性黄土的厚度确定。试坑面积一般为100m2（10m×10m）～400m2（20m×20m），试坑深度为地面下50cm～80cm。为测量试坑内外在浸水过程中的沉降，浸水前在试坑底面和四周，可埋设若干不同深度的标点。试坑底面应铺设10cm－15cm的砂石。试坑自浸水开始之日起至浸水结束止，在浸水过程中每天应记录水表读数，不得停止浸水，试坑内水深约30cm。本试验包括1．试验场地工程地质概况；2．试坑浸水试验①试坑尺寸的确定；②标点的设置；③向试坑内浸水；3．试验结果①自重湿陷变形范围；②实测自重湿陷量与计算自重湿陷量的比较；③试坑浸水前、后土的含水量及饱和度的比较；4．结论。

Realization of Bipartite Positive-Operator-Value Measurements of Two-Photon Polarization States

In this letter, we propose a scheme of a special quantum optical Fredkin gate assisted by optical manip- ulations and postselection from the coincidence measurements, and then modify it with cross-Kerr nonlinearities to be suitable for the realization of all possible positive operator-valued measurements of bipartite polarization states. This scheme is feasible in the lab with the current experimental technology.

EVA based model to estimate the Chinese listed company’s intrinsic value

This article is based on traditionally intrinsic value assessment model. We employed the assumption on the differences in future increase rates of companies, taking into account of the expected Economic Value Added (EVA) discount and the capital investment, to establish a high increase model, a two-stage EVA discount model and a three-stage EVA discount model for the intrinsic value assessment. Those models eliminate the great fluctuation of free cash flow in calculating the capital expenditure by setting aside the cash flow of the company’s investment in the year and considering only the capital cost. This method needs only to assess the EVA flow in different year in probing the intrinsic value of a company, thus give more consistent conclusion than conventional methods.

Study of Squeezed Excitons in Polar Semiconductors

Some properties of excitons in polar semiconductors are studied theoretically by means of squeezed state variational approach. This method makes it possible to consider bilinear terms of the phonon operators as well as linear terms arising from the Lee-Low-Pines （LLP）-like transformation. The exciton ground state energy and binding energy are calculated numerically. It is shown that the squeezing effect is significant in the case of strong exciton-phonon coupling region.