基于"量化有效型"的合格供应商绩效评价体系

该文针对传统的供应商定性评价方法不能全面、客观的评价供应商绩效的现象,提出了一种基于"量化有效型"评价原则的定量评价供应商绩效的评价体系。该评价体系从产品质量、售后质量、合同履约质量、合作质量等方面设置一级绩效指标,各一级指标又分成若干二级指标。根据不同供应商产品情况给出不同层次计分的标准,不同职能部门通过打分得出量化的评价结果,对一定时期内供应商的绩效做出客观的评价,作为供方能否做为组织产品合格供应商的依据,进而编制合格供应商目录,同时根据分数的差异,将供应商分出等级,提出相应的控制要求。

有效量化的激励性评价在英语教学中的应用

人们常说:'兴趣是最好的老师.'因此在教学过程中激发学生学习兴趣是我们老师的首要任务.我们应想方设法去培养学生的学习兴趣,除了老师自身的人格魅力和渊博的知识及精心的备授课能吸引学生外,那么合理、有效的课堂评价就变得至关重要了.在我校的科研课题《利用有效量化评价提高课堂教学效率的研究》的指引下,我们将有效量化应用到课堂教学中,很好地激发了学生的学习热情,基本达到了理想的效果.

Energy-efficient mechanism based on ACO for the coverage problem in sensor networks

An energy-efficient heuristic mechanism is presented to obtain the optimal solution for the coverage problem in sensor networks. The mechanism can ensure that all targets are fully covered corresponding to their levels of importance at minimum cost, and the ant colony optimization algorithm （ACO） is adopted to achieve the above metrics. Based on the novel design of heuristic factors, artificial ants can adaptively detect the energy status and coverage ability of sensor networks via local information. By introducing the evaluation function to global pheromone updating rule, the pheromone trail on the best solution is greatly enhanced, so that the convergence process of the algorithm is speed up. Finally, the optimal solution with a higher coverage- efficiency and a longer lifetime is obtained.

化学—微波—超声复合调质处理气田高乳化含油污泥

气田高乳化含油污泥成分复杂、乳化严重,采用单一的调理方法(微波加热、超声处理、化学调理等)难以实现其有效减量化。为此,以中国石油长庆油田公司米脂天然气处理厂含油污泥作为实验样品,对其进行化学调理并比较各种调理剂的处理效果,确定最佳药剂配方和加药顺序,再将化学调理与物理调理相复合,以降低污泥比阻,获得最佳的调理效果。研究结果表明:(1)以氧化剂MN-S、氧化钙与氢氧化钠的组合配方为化学调理剂,比单一或双药剂复配对高乳化含油污泥的调理效果更佳,其污泥样品脱水速度最快,污泥比阻由130.30×10^(12)m/kg降低至3.81×10^(12)m/kg;(2)对比微波与超声两种物理调理法的处理效果后发现,后者对污泥比阻的降低效果较佳,超声频率40 kHz调理4 min后污泥比阻降至14.01×10^(12)m/kg;(3)将化学调理与物理调理相复合,先化学后超声的调理效果最佳,污泥比阻降低至2.77×10^(12)m/kg,机械脱水后的污泥含水率为68.71%,比原始污泥含水率(90.17%)降低了21.46%。结论认为:所提出的高乳化含油污泥化学—微波—超声复合调理工艺技术,能有效降低污泥比阻和滤饼含水率,进而实现气田高乳化含油污泥的有效减量化。

直面信任危机 再造和谐关系

在日益严峻的医患纠纷中,医疗器械维修工程师在工作中的职业风险已经成为不得不提的事情,同时对于在这种情况下又如何维护病患的根本利益,我将自己的理解进行了阐述。

Effective Mass of Strong-Coupling Bound Polaron in a Triangular Quantum Well Induced by Rashba Effect

In this paper, on the basis of Huybrechts＇ strong-coupling polaron model, the Tokuda modified linearcombination operator method and the unitary transformation method are used to study the properties of the strongcoupling bound polaron considering the influence of Rashba effect, which is brought by the spin-orbit （SO） interaction, in the semiconductor triangular quantum well （TQW）. Numerical calculation on the RbCI TQW, as the example, is performed. The expressions for the effective mass of the polaron as a function of the vibration frequency, the velocity, the Coulomb bound potential and the electron areal density are derived. Numerical results show that the total effective mass of the polaron is composed of three parts. The interactions between the orbit and the spin with different directions have different effects on the effective mass of the bound polaron.

ε-strongly Efficient Solutions for Vector Optimization with Set-valued Maps

In locally convex Hausdorff topological vector spaces,ε-strongly efficient solutions for vector optimization with set-valued maps are discussed.Firstly,ε-strongly efficient point of set is introduced.Secondly,under the nearly cone-subconvexlike set-valued maps,the theorem of scalarization for vector optimization is obtained.Finally,optimality conditions of ε-strongly efficient solutions for vector optimization with generalized inequality constraints and equality constraints are obtained.

The Effect of Toxic Sulfide Exposure on Oxygen Consumption and Oxidation Products in Urechis unicinctus(Echiura:Urechidae)

To investigate sulfide detoxification in Urech＆ unicinctus, oxygen consumption rate and sulfide detoxification products were analyzed during sulfide exposure under controlled laboratory conditions. The results showed that oxygen consumption rates were elevated significantly during 3 h sulfide exposure compared to the control （P〈0.05）. The concentration of sulfite in body wall and hindgut of experimental worms increased significantly （P〈0.05） when exposed to 50 μmolL^-1 sulfide, reached a maximum at 24 h and then decreased. Similar result was observed in worms exposed to 150 μmolL^-1 sulfide except that sulfite concentration reached a maximum at 12 h. Contents of thiosulfate in body wall and hindgut of U. unicinctus exposed to sulfide were also significantly higher than that of the control without sulfide exposure. In conclusion, during short-time sulfide exposure U. unicinctus may raise oxygen consumption to detoxify toxic sulfide into sulfite and thiosulfate. Sulfide detoxification was restrained when the exposure time was prolonged or sulfide concentration was increased, which was indicated by decrease of sulfite, the intermediate product of sulfide detoxification.

Frame length optimization for multi-antenna downlink systems based on delay-bound violation probability constraints

A flame length optimization scheme is proposed for multi-antenna downlink systems to guarantee diverse delay- bound violation probability constraints. Due to the difficulties of extracting the quality of service （QoS） metrics from the conventional physical-layer channel models, the link-layer models named effective bandwidth and effective capacity are applied to statistically characterize the source traffic patterns and the queuing service dynamics. With these link-layer models, the source traffic process and the channel service process are mapped to certain QoS parameters. The packet delay-bound violation probability constraints are converted into minimum data rate constraints and the optimization problem is thus formulated into simultaneous inequalities. With the assumption of ergodic block-fading channels, the optimal frame lengths of single-user and multiuser systems are calculated respectively by numerical iterative methods. Theoretical analyses and simulation results show that the given delay-bound violation probability constraints are well satisfied with the optimal frame length.

The Effects of Estuarine Processes on the Fluxes of Inorganic and Organic Carbon in the Yellow River Estuary

Riverine carbon flux is an important component of the global carbon cycle. The spatial and temporal variations of organic and inorganic carbon were examined during both dry and wet seasons in the Yellow River estuary. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon （DOC） and dissolved inorganic carbon （DIC） in the Yellow River during dry seasons were higher than those during wet seasons. The effective concentrations of DOC （CDOC＊） were higher than the observed DOC at zero salinity. This input of DOC in the Yellow River estuary was due to sediment desorption processes in low salinity regions. In contrast to DOC, the effective concen- trations of DIC were 10% lower than the DIC measured at freshwater end, and the loss of DIC was caused by CaCO3 precipitation in low salinity region, Particulate organic carbon （POC） and particulate inorganic carbon （PIC） contents of the particles stabilized to constant values （0.5%：t：0.05% and 1.8%--0.2%, respectively） within the turbidity maximum zone （TMZ） and showed no noticeable seasonal variations. A rapid drop of PIC and rise of POC occurred simultaneously outside the TMZ due to an intense dilution of riv- erine inorganic-rich particles being transported into a pool of aquatic organic-poor particles outside the TMZ. Annually, the Yellow River transported 6.95× 10^5 t of DIC, 0.64× 10^5 t of DOC, 78.58× 10^5 t of PIC and 2.29× 10^5 t of POC to the sea.

Binding Energies of D^- Centers Trapped by a Quantum Dot in a Magnetic Field

A investigation of the properties of the bound states of D^- centers confined in a parabolic quantum dot has been performed for the case with the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. Calculations are carried out by using the method of numerical diagonalization of Hamiltonian matrix within the effective-mass approximation. The binding energies of the ground and some bound-excited states are obtained as a function of the applied magnetic field strength. Detailed calculations of the binding energies for a number of low-lying states show that for field strength less than B = 2.1 T, the D center confined in a quantum dot possesses two bound states, for 2.1 〈 B 〈 2.4 T, there exist three bound states, etc. Further relevant characteristics of the D- center quantum dots in magnetic fields are provided.

Rotate Two Different Mode of Actions of Green Chemicals to Combat Virachola livia （Klug） on Date Palm Fruit, Egypt

Alternation of two different modes of action of green chemicals： spinosad and methoxyfenozide to combat Virachola livia on dates in Dakhla Oasis, New Valley, Egypt, were done in 2010 and 2011. Based on infestation levels in fruit, the three spray programs including rotations with spinosad 24 SC at 20 mL/100 L were not significantly different. Based on minimum effective rotation doses, alternation of spinosad at 20 mL/100 L followed by methoxyfenozide 24 SC at 15 mL/100 L on a three-week interval showed 0.3% and 0.6% infestation, before harvest for 2010 and 2011, respectively, compared to check treatments which showed 33% and 70% infestations. Also, successful penetration and survival of V. livia （% live larvae） into the fruit by following a spinosad and methoxyfenozide rotation program resulted in 1.8% and 1% larvae, before harvest in 2010 and 2011, respectively, compared to fhait infestation levels of 97% and 89% in the untreated in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Fruit were penetrated by first instar larvae upon hatching, in case no chemical treatment. The last data reflect the excellent performance of this rotation. During the same period, reduction of the three rotation programs was 97.8%-100% and 99%-100% for 2010 and 2011, respectively. Both products proved to be working under dry hot temperatures in these areas.

采用强度调制标记信道的改进级联全光量化方案

提出了一种改进的级联全光量化方案,以提高全光模数转换器的量化分辨率。通过使用一路附加的被强度调制器调制的标记通道,可实现对超宽带信号的8 bit以上高量化分辨率。利用所提出的方案对20 GHz射频信号实现了数字化,仿真结果表明,其无杂散动态范围可高达53.76 dBc,有效量化分辨率为8.18 bit。

Sensitivity Analysis in Vector Optimization under Benson Proper Efficiency

The behavior of the perturbation map is analyzed quantitatively by using the concept of contingent derivatives for set-valued maps under Benson proper efficiency. Let W(u) = Pmin[G(u),S],y∧∈W(u∧). It is shown that, under some conditions, DW(u∧,y∧) Pmin[DG(u∧,y∧),S] , and under some other conditions, DW(u∧,y∧) Pmin[DG(u∧,y∧),S].

TOPOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF EFFICIENT SET OF OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM OF SET－VALUED MAPPING

This paper is concerned with the topological structure of efficient sets for optimizationproblem of set-valued mapping. It is proved that these sets are closed or. connected under someconditions on cone-continuity, cone-convexity and cone-quasiconvexity.

NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR EFFICIENT SOLUTION OF VECTOR OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

In this paper, by using Ljusternik＇s theorem and the open mapping theorem of convex process, the author gives necessary conditions for the efficient solution to the vector optimization problems without requiring that the ordering cone in the objective space has a nonempty interior.

Influence of temperature and LO phonon on the effective mass of bipolarons in polar semiconductor quantum dots

The temperature and LO phonon effects of the bipolaron in polar semiconductor quantum dots （QDs） are studied by using the Tokuda modified linear-combination operator method and the Lee-Low-Pines variational method. The expressions for the mean number ofLO phonons and the effective mass of the bipolaron are derived. Numerical results show that the mean number of LO phonons of the bipolaron decreases with increasing the temperature and the relative distance r between two electrons, but increases with increasing the electron-phonon coupling strength a The effective mass of the bipolaron M＊ increases rapidly with increasing the relative distance r between two electrons when r is smaller, and it reaches a maximum at r ≈ 4.05rp, while after that, 34＊ decreases slowly with increasing r. The effective mass of the bipolaron M＇ decreases with increasing the temperature. The electron-phonon coupling strength a markedly influences the changes of mean number of LO phonons and the effective mass M＊ with the relative distance r and the temperature parameter y.

The discovery of surface runoff in the megadunes of Badain Jaran Desert,China,and its significance

The Badain Jaran Desert exhibits the greatest difference in altitude of all of the world's deserts.On the slopes of megadunes in the desert,there are physical and chemical deposits produced by surface runoff.In addition,we have observed rarely-seen infiltration-excess surface runoff in the megadune depressions as well as spring streams at the base of megadunes.We used electron microscopy,energy spectrum analysis,infiltration experiments,moisture content determinations and grain-size analysis to study the mineral and chemical composition of the runoff precipitates,and grain-size of the deposits associated with the runoff,together with the hydrological balance in the megadune area,and the atmospheric precipitation mechanism responsible for groundwater recharge and for supplying water to lakes.The observations of shallow runoff and infiltration-excess surface runoff indicate the occurrence of strong and effective precipitation in summer,which would provide an important source for groundwater recharge.Several lines of evidence,such as the physical and chemical deposits resulting from shallow subsurface runoff,spring streams,infiltration-excess runoff,and gravity capillary water with a moisture content of 3-6%,demonstrate that precipitation reaches the base of the megadunes through infiltration and subsequently becomes groundwater.The chemical deposits,such as newly-formed calcite and gypsum,and gray-black physical deposits,as well as different stages in the development of fan-shaped landforms resulting from shallow subsurface runoff,indicate that groundwater recharge in the area is the result of long-term precipitation,rather than intermittent individual major rainfall events.Fine sand layers with a low infiltration capacity lead to subsurface runoff emerging at the ground surface.Five factors play an important role in maintaining a positive water balance and in replenishing groundwater via rainfall:effective rainfall as a water source,the high infiltration capacity of the sands enabling rainfall to rapidly become capillary water in the dunes,low evapotranspiration rates due to the sparse vegetation,the fact that the depth of the sand layer influenced by evaporation is shallow enough to maximize the deep infiltration of rainfall,and rapidly-moving gravity capillary water in the sandy dunes.These five factors together constitute a mechanism for groundwater recharge from rainfall,and explain the origin of the groundwater and lakes in the area.Our findings represent a significant advance in research on the hydrological cycle,including groundwater recharge conditions and recharge mechanisms,in this desert region.

Coherent States of Nonlinear Oscillators with Position-Dependent Mass:Temporal Stability and Fractional Revivals

We develop generalized coherent states for a class of nonlinear oscillators with position-dependent effective mass in the context of the Gazeau–Klauder formalism and discuss some of their properties. In order to investigate the temporal evolution we first explore the statistical properties by means of weighting distribution and the Mandel parameter. It is found that the temporal evolution of the coherent states may exhibit the phenomena of quantum revivals and fractional revivals for a particular choice of position-dependent mass oscillator.

Organic-inorganic hybrid Sn-based perovskite photodetectors with high external quantum efficiencies and wide spectral responses from 300 to 1000 nm

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are ideal materials for photodetection owing to their high charge carrier mobility, long charge carrier diffusion length, low dark current density and sharp absorption edge. However, a relatively small band gap(1.6 e V) limits their photonharvesting efficiency in the near-infrared region. In the present work, we demonstrate a hybrid methylamine iodide and Pb-Sn binary perovskite as the light absorption layer in photodetectors. Experimentally, the wavelength of photoresponse onset for the photodetectors can be extended to as great as 1,000 nm when the Sn content of the hybrid perovskite is increased to 30 mol%. In addition, the photodetectors exhibit a photoresponsivity of 0.39 A W^-1, a specific detectivity of 7×10^12 Jones, a fast photoresponse with rise and decay time constants and an external quantum efficiency greater than 50% in the wavelength range of350–900 nm, with a maximum value of about 80% at 550 nm.