基于数值模拟的风生流场的量化特性及参数优化分析

为研究风生流场的量化特性,数值模拟了矩形水槽风生流场,分析了风生流数值模拟中风应力拖曳系数和垂向紊动粘性系数两个主要参数的误差。结果表明,风生流场垂向流速分布呈抛物线形,断面平均流速为零,流速回旋中心位于水深1/3处,存在最大正向流速和最小反向流速且流速比为2.41。通过分析风应力拖曳系数和垂向紊动粘性系数误差对数值模拟结果的影响,研究了快速实现风生流数值模拟参数优化的方法。对香溪河流速分布的模拟分析,验证了该流速中存在风生流场,且通过参数优化方法快速实现了风生流参数的优化,与实测值对比表明该方法的精度较高。

ABVS图像冠状面汇聚征特性的量化及其应用

目的:设计一组新颖、有效的特征来定量化描述超声自动乳腺全容积扫描(automated breast volume scanner,ABVS)图像冠状面的汇聚征,以辅助判别乳腺肿瘤良恶性。方法:首先,在ABVS图像冠状面自动分割出肿瘤区域。其次,经过多尺度、多角度滤波后得到最大能量图,并进行阈值筛选及形态学处理,然后提取描述汇聚征的6个特征。最后,建立分类器,验证所设计的特征在判别有无汇聚征、判别肿瘤良恶性等任务的有效性。结果:对195例乳腺肿瘤数据进行回顾性研究,采用交叉验证的方式评价所设计的特征的分类性能。在有无汇聚征的判别任务中,采用单个特征时的受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.83~0.89,综合6个特征的AUC为0.91。在肿瘤良恶性判别的任务中,单个特征判别结果的AUC为0.68~0.75,综合6个特征时的AUC为0.75。结论:所设计的特征能够很好地量化ABVS冠状面的汇聚征性质,在乳腺肿瘤良恶性判别中具有重要意义。

驾驶行为特性对道路通行能力影响的量化研究

驾驶行为特性对道路宏观交通流特性及通行能力有着重要影响。但在2010年版《道路通行能力手册》(HCM2010)中,驾驶人总体特征修正系数取值在通常情况下建议为1,并未给出具体解释以及进一步量化。为了进一步细化研究不同驾驶员行为特性对道路通行能力的影响,将驾驶员类型分为冒险型、一般型和保守型3种,利用交通仿真软件Vissim 5.3构建基本路段和交织区仿真场景,提出以仿真实验为基础的通行能力影响量化分析方法。结果表明,在限速为80km/h的城市快速路上,自由换道行为可以提升道路设施空间利用率,提高交通流由自由运行状态向稳定运行状态的转变速度,而对道路通行能力没有显著影响;跟驰行为与强制换道行为对道路通行能力有显著影响。提出基本路段通行能力分析的修正系数,对应冒险型、一般型、保守型驾驶员分别为1.04,1.03,0.86;交织区通行能力分析的修正系数;在交织比为0.1~0.4的情况下,3类驾驶员对应的值有所差异,进一步细化了HCM2010中驾驶员的修正系数。

基于小波域视觉量化模型的遥感图像压缩

人眼是图像信息的最终接受者,但目前图像压缩算法很少考虑到人眼视觉特性,导致主观失真严重。文章在分析人眼视觉系统和遥感图像特性的基础上,提出对图像小波变换后的系数以块为单位建立人眼视觉量化模型,以该模型计算每个系数块的视觉失真阈值,依据该阈值,对不同频带的小波系数块采用不同量化步长进行量化,保证量化后的小波系数能够有效地保留遥感图像的视觉信息,使解压缩后的图像视觉效果最优。实验结果表明,在相同压缩比下,同样的压缩算法,采用该量化模型之后,压缩后的恢复图像主观质量得到改善,有效保留了图像纹理和细节。

Variation of Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency of Mid-Season Hybrid Rice at Different Ecological Sites under Different Nitrogen Application Levels

[Objective] The study aimed at investigating the effects of different geographic sites,soil chemical characteristics and nitrogen application levels on nitrogen accumulation and distribution in different organs and utilization efficiency for mid-season hybrid rice.[Method] By using mid-season rice varieties II-you 7 and Yuxiangyou203 as the experimental materials,field experiment was conducted at seven ecological sites in four provinces or cities in Southwestern China in 2009.A total of four nitrogen application levels were set as follows：by using 75 kg/hm2 of P2O5 and 75 kg/hm2 of K2O as the base fertilizer,extra 0,90,150 and 210 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer（in which,base fertilizer,base-tillering fertilizer and base-earing fertilizer respectively accounted for 60%,20% and 20%.） was applied,respectively.In the split-plot design,fertilizer was considered as the main factor while rice variety was taken as the secondary factor.A total of eight treatments were set with three replications.[Result] Highly significant differences of grain yield were found among seven locations,two varieties,four nitrogen application levels,interactions of site × variety and site × nitrogen application level,but the interaction of variety ×nitrogen application level had no significant influence on rice yield.There were highly significant effects of site,varieties and nitrogen application level on dry matter production,nitrogen content,nitrogen utilization efficiency.Highly significant negative correlations between uptake efficiency and utilization efficiency for nitrogen were found;and multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that nitrogen uptake-utilization efficiency were significantly influenced by different ecological sites,chemical quality of soil and the levels of nitrogen application.[Conclusion] The research will provide theoretical and practical basis for the highly efficient application of nitrogen in mid-season hybrid rice cultivation.

Heat Resisting Mechanism of Heat-Resisting Aluminum Alloy Conductor and Its Application in Transmission Line

In this paper the heat withstanding mechanism of heat-resisting aluminum alloy conductor is discussed, the types and performance of the conductor and its application on transmission lines are analyzed and introduced, and suggestions on accelerating exploitation and application of the conductor are put forward.

衬套刚度对扭力梁悬架模态分布影响研究

为分析和解决汽车扭力梁悬架系统振动引致的整车NVH问题,建立施加约束边界的悬架系统有限元模型并计算其系统模态。为了更确切地模拟悬架橡胶衬套在实际工作状态下所表现出的动态刚度特性,在有限元建模中提出一种衬套动刚度的当量方法,并结合试验验证阐明该方法的正确性。基于验证后的模型,以衬套刚度为影响因素,对悬架系统的低阶模态频率进行灵敏度分析,并讨论衬套刚度约束方向与模态振型之间的联系,最终揭示出衬套刚度对系统模态分布的影响规律。

软土微结构的试验研究

本文介绍了微结构的研究方法和要求 ,以及通过对大量室内理想试验土样微结构各项指标进行比较和分析 ,旨在找出其规律性 ,并结合工程实例论证了软土微结构研究的重要性和可行性 ,所获得的一系列土特性量化指标 。

Differences of Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Upper Fresh Leaves and Post-growth Roots in Different Quality Stages

In order to explore the physiological and biochemical characteristics of fresh upper leaves and roots of different qualities of tobacco, the malonaldehyde （MDA）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, chlorophyllase activity, amylase activity, medium trace element content, chemical component content, root fresh weight, dry weight and activity in the normal tobacco leaves, tobacco leaves rich in nutrients and premature grey tobacco leaves were studied. The results showed that compared with the normal tobacco leaves, the root fresh weight, dry weight and activity in the premature grey tobacco leaves decreased by 41.22%, 14.44% and 60.29% respectively, while malonaldehyde content increased by 34.82%, and chlorophyllase, α-amylase, β-amylase and SOD activity declined by 89.55%, 65.71%, 71.26% and 37.25% respectively. Chlorophyllase, co-amylase and 13-amylase activity in the tobacco leaves rich in nutrients decreased by 58.76%, 36.19% and 41.93% respectively. The content of medium trace elements in the tobacco leaves rich in nutrients and premature grey tobacco leaves was lower than that of the normal tobacco leaves. Starch, total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium content in the normal tobacco leaves were higher than that of the tobacco leaves rich in nutrients and premature grey tobacco leaves.

Effects of Interdiffusion on Luminescence of InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots Covered by InGaAs Overgrowth Layer

WT8.BZ]The effects of postgrowth rapid thermal annealing have been studied on the optical properties of 3-nm-height InAs/GaAs quantum dots covered by 3-nm-thick In xGa 1-x As (x=0,0 1 and 0 2) overgrowth layer.At a higher annealing temperature (T≥750℃),the photoluminescence peak of InGaAs layer has been observed at the lower-energy side of InAs quantum-dot peak.In addition,a similar blueshift in photoluminescence (PL) emission energy is observed for all samples when the annealing temperature increases from 650 to 850℃.However,the trend of photoluminescence linewidth towards narrowing is totally different for InAs quantum dots with different In mole fraction in InGaAs overgrowth layer.The results suggest that the intermixing in the lateral direction plays an important role in obtaining a better understanding of the modification of optical properties induced by the rapid thermal annealing.

Biomass gasification and Polish coal-fired boilers for process of reburning in small boilers

Reburning was applied to Polish automatic coal-fired retort boiler (25 kW).The use of bio-syngas reduced NOx emissions from the boiler by over 25%,below the significant level of 200 mg/m3 .Reburning was carried out using an integrated system consisting of the boiler and a fixed-bed 60 kW (GazEla) gasification reactor.The process gas was continuously introduced above the coal burner of the boiler.The process parameters of the boiler and the gasifier were also measured and compared with the other units.Characteristic NOx emissions from automatic and manually operated boilers were also presented.

Mechanical properties of deep sandstones under loading rate effect

The advance speed of the working face in coal mines can significantly affect the fluctuation frequency of abutment pressure in front of the coal body.Moreover,it has a certain correlation with the change of axial loading rate in coal and rock mechanics test.Therefore,uniaxial compression tests under various loading rates of 0.05,0.1,0.15,0.25,0.5 MPa/s were conducted using 2000 kN triaxial testing machine and PCI-2 acoustic emission test system to study the loading rate effect on the mechanical properties of deep sandstones.The results show that 1)the peak strength and elastic modulus of the deep sandstone increase with the loading rate increasing;2)with the loading rate increasing,the deep sandstone transforms from plastic-elastic-plastic to plastic-elastic and moreover,the failure mode gradually transfers from type I to type III;3)With the loading rate increasing,the total input strain energy,elastic strain energy,and dissipated strain energy generally increase;4)the damage variable presents the evolution characteristics of inverted“S”shape with time,and with the loading rate increasing,the damage degree of the deep sandstone is aggravated.The conclusion obtained can provide the theoretical basis for the stability control of the surrounding rock in deep engineering.

Flow characteristics by particle image velocimetry in liquefied natural gas vaporizer model with several baffles

Shell-and-tube vaporizers are the most commonly used and dominated types of vaporizers in liquefied natural gas （LNG） realm. Due to efficient performance, shell-side flow in this type of vaporizers has received considerable attention and has been investigated extensively. However, the detailed flow structure in the shell needs to be determined for reliable and effective design. Therefore, the objective of this study was to clarify the flow structure in shell by particle image velocimetry （PIV）. Experiments were conducted using two types of model; 15% baffle cut having inlet and outlet positions !n the direction of 90° to the cut and 30% baffle cut having inlet and outlet positions in the direction of 180° to the cut. Each test section is 169 mm in inner diameter and 344.6 mm in length. The flow features were characterized in different baffle cuts with regards to the velocity vector field and velocity distribution. The results show that the flow characteristics of 15% baffle cut type vaporizer are comparable to those of 30% baffle cut type vaporizer.

Studies on the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on the physical and chemical characteristics of soil and the yield of cassava＊

Bio-organic fertilizer is a new type of fertilizer which have advantages of both organic manure and fertilizer. This study investigated the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of cassava and the soil fertility. The study was carried out in the period of 2004-2005 and the material was cassava cultivar FUXUAN01. The bio-organic fertilizers were applied as basic fertilizers on four different levels of 450 kg/hm^2, 600 kg/hm^2, 750 kg/hm^2, 900 kg/hm^2 in this experiment. The growth of stem and leaf, the yield of earthnut and the starch content of tuber root of cassava and the unit weight, the hole percent, the content of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, microbes, the activity of soil urease and invertase were analyzed during the experiment. The results showed that not only can the bio-organic fertilizer promote the growth of cassava stems and leaves, increase the chlorophyll content and the photosynthesis of leaves, improve the physiological metabolism of cassava, and strengthen physiological function of anti-senility, promote the transformation from photosynthetic organism to tuber root and increase the yield and starch content in the tuber root of cassava, but also decrease the soil unit weight, increase the hole percent of soil, promote microbe activity in the soil, increase the activity of soil urease and invertase, promote the availability of nutrients, increase the content of organic matters, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and increase the utilization rate of fertilizer. It was an effective way to apply the bio-organic fertilizer to increase the yield and starch content in the tuber root of cassava, improving the physical and chemical characters of soil and increasing the soil fertility.

Application of grey relational analysis in sheet metal forming for multi-response quality characteristics

The theory of grey systems is a new technique for performing prediction, relational analysis and decision making in many areas. In this paper, the use of grey relational analysis for optimizing the square hole flanging process parameters with considerations of the multiple response (the average flanging height, regular flanging and maximum strain) is introduced. Various flanging parameters, such as the blank inner radius rb, blank inner width B0, are considered. An orthogonal array is used for the experimental design. Multiple response values are obtained using finite element analysis (FEA). Optimal process parameters are determined by the grey relational grade obtained from the grey relational analysis for multi-performance characteristics (flanging height, regular flanging and maximum strain). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the grey relational grade is implemented. The results showed good agreement with the experiment result. Grey relational analysis can be applied in multiple response optimi-zation designs.

Optimization Design of Vibration Characteristics of Ship Composite Brace with Rigid Vibration Isolation Mass

In considering the theory of structural dynamic optimization design, a design method of the structural style of ship composite brace with rigid vibration isolation mass was studied. Two kinds of structural dynamic optimization formulations minimizing the vibration acceleration of the non-pressure hull on the restraining condition of the gross weight of the ship cabin were established: 1) dynamic optimization of the sectional dimensions of the rigid vibration isolation mass in the composite brace; 2) dynamic optimization of the arranging position of the rigid vibration isolation mass. Through the optimization results, sectional dimensions and the arranging position of the rigid vibration isolation mass with better performance in reducing vibration were gained, and some reference was provided for practical engineering designs as well as enrichment of the design method of a novel ship vibration-isolation brace.

Proteome Profiles of Longissimus and Biceps Femoris Porcine Muscles Related to Exercise and Resting

Exercise affects muscle metabolism and composition in the untrained muscles. The proteome of muscle tissue will be affected by exercise and resting. This is of economic importance for pork quality where transportation relates to exercise of untrained muscles. Rest reverses exercise effects. The objective of this research was to develop potential protein biomarkers that predict the optimal resting time after exercise related to optimal pork quality. Ten litters of four female pigs were within litter allocated to the four treatment groups： exercise by running on a treadmill for 27 minutes followed by rest for 0, 1, or 3 h; control pigs without exercise. Proteome profiles and biochemical traits measuring energy metabolism and meat quality traits expected to be related to exercise were determined in the Longissimus and the Biceps femoris of the pigs. The results indicated associations between protein abundances in muscles and exercise, resting, and biochemical traits.

Characterizations of Abandoned Peatlands from Acadian Peninsula： Agro-ecologic and Environmental Value-Added Alternatives

In the northeast region of New Brunswick, the majority of peatlands are mainly used for horticultural purposes. Abandoned peatlands after peat extraction could represent one of the most important ecological resources through their remaining substrates： serving as agronomic, ecological or environmental value-added support to local development; and giving a second economic life to peatlands. To evaluate this innovative peat soil management, a study was conducted on three residual peatlands from the Acadian Peninsula. Their status was described through a physic-chemical characterization. The results suggest that the peat thickness and the mineral horizon characteristics are good indicators to identify these post-harvest peat soils. The studied sites were characterized by a flat topography, poor and unequal drainage inducing a variation of the water table level. The peat thickness ranged from 18 cm to 40 cm, while the thickness of the mineral horizon--mostly sandy--ranged between 20 cm and 30 cm. The chemical properties revealed an electrical conductivity above 50 μS·cm^-1, an acid pH, and a variable cation exchange capacity （1.3 cmolc·kg^-1 to 11.4 cmolc·kg^-1）. This preliminary study gives basic knowledge on Acadian Peninsula abandoned peatlands soils and gives information about the conditions of their agro-economic, ecological and/or environmental management.

A framework for quantifying properties of 3-dimensional movement-based signals

Understanding how signal properties are optimized for the reliable transmission of information requires accurate de- scription of the signal in time and space. For movement-based signals where movement is restricted to a single plane, measure- ments from a single viewpoint can be used to consider a range of viewing positions based on simple geometric calculations. However, considerations of signal properties from a range of viewing positions for movements extending into three-dimensions （3D） are more problematic. We present here a new framework that overcomes this limitation, and enables us to quantify the extent to which movement-based signals are view-specific. To illustrate its application, a Jacky lizard tail flick signal was filmed with synchronized cameras and the position of the tail tip digitized for both recordings. Camera aligmnent enabled tl^e construction of a 3D display action pattern profile. We analyzed the profile directly and used it to create a detailed 3D animation. In the virtual environment, we were able to film the same signal from multiple viewing positions and using a computational motion analysis algorithm （gradient detector model） to measure local image velocity in order to predict view dependent differences in signal properties. This approach will enable consideration of a range of questions concerning movement-based signal design and evolu- tion that were previously out of reach [Current Zoology 56 （3）： 327-336, 2010].

Thermal Infrared Salient Human Detection Model Combined with Thermal Features in Airport Terminal

Target detection in low light background is one of the main tasks of night patrol robots for airport terminal.However,if some algorithms can run on a robot platform with limited computing resources,it is difficult for these algorithms to ensure the detection accuracy of human body in the airport terminal. A novel thermal infrared salient human detection model combined with thermal features called TFSHD is proposed. The TFSHD model is still based on U-Net,but the decoder module structure and model lightweight have been redesigned. In order to improve the detection accuracy of the algorithm in complex scenes,a fusion module composed of thermal branch and saliency branch is added to the decoder of the TFSHD model. Furthermore,a predictive loss function that is more sensitive to high temperature regions of the image is designed. Additionally,for the sake of reducing the computing resource requirements of the algorithm,a model lightweight scheme that includes simplifying the encoder network structure and controlling the number of decoder channels is adopted. The experimental results on four data sets show that the proposed method can not only ensure high detection accuracy and robustness of the algorithm,but also meet the needs of real-time detection of patrol robots with detection speed above 40 f/s.