宏观制度经济学导论--泛函原型、量化理性与分布效用分析

提出宏观制度经济学的基本理论架构,即基于后古典主义经济学,以制度价值论与量化理性为理论基础,以泛函分析为主要方法,研究制度如何构建价值空间、管理社会理性、规定经济秩序,以及在此基础上进行制度输出与价值分配的规律。首先论述了制度、测度与结构之间的关系,将以科斯、诺斯为代表的传统制度经济学派归纳为微观制度经济学,定义了宏观制度经济学。然后论述制度如何确定经济价值的测度空间,同时指出制度分析的结构性前提,即全局(宏)-局部(域)-基础(要素)的层级结构。进而批判了以DSGE为代表的基于数-数映射的传统函数模型,引入了基于无限维空间映射的泛函结构分析方法,构建了宏观经济泛函原型与欧拉方程。给出了宏泛函原型的反函数存在性证明,指出制度如何通过规定经济测度和选择产业函数来影响宏观产出。然后基于信息不对称与交易成本更多是一种宏观制度安排的理论论断,揭示出制度化地构建信息不对称已经成为当前数字经济的普遍形态,同时指出制度重构下的私权扩张现象与公权私化趋势。通过对西蒙悖论的定义与分析,论述了量化理性与群体理性分布,定义了分布效用分析法、效用不相容现象和理性困境,同时分析了信息技术基础上的制度化精神管控与个体精神依附及其可能导致的精神奴役。通过对卢卡斯批判认知局限的批判,以及理性预期学派在微观与宏观、量变与质变等哲学关系上的认知错误,指出宏观制度经济学是对理性预期学派的终结,规定了理性预期学派的适用范畴。同时基于新社会人假说以及量化理性,构建了新理性预期学派及其逻辑框架。从产权对生产价值的索取权角度分析并定义了科斯产权悖论,并论述了制度如何规定稀缺序列、规范经济秩序,并指出制度输出的意义在于国际价值空间的重构、扩张与再分配。最后,从哲学层面进一步论述宏观与微观的本质区别,对宏观制度经济学的立论基础进行了概括,并给出了未来研究方向。

以理性量化设计打造有效历史课堂

有效教育（MS-EEPO）理念认为,教学是艺术也是科学,可用科学的方法来研究教学程序、观察课堂、分析教师与学生的行为,对教学效果等进行指标量化,具有可操作性。在此,笔者主要论述如何用理性量化设计打造有效历史课堂。一、教学素材处理的量化EEPO哲学方式认为,处理教材要抓住关键要素,进行个性化处理,少就是多。关键要素是指在教学活动中最有利于人发展的知识、能力、信息、品格等方面的基本点。在教学中,

数字经济与理性管理:中国学派的构建

作为管理学中国学派的一种尝试,理性管理具有完备的理论体系与学术话语权。数字经济蓬勃发展,使得组织出现了泛政治化、泛社会化与泛生产化的时代特征。理性管理学派的突破在于理性的测度、量化与规范,在具体问题上有限理性可以形成完全理性。理性管理学派在方法论上的创新,主要体现为离散主义、分布分析法与深度博弈论。初步构建了制度心理学,作为理性管理的学科基础,用以解释理性活动的基本原理。探讨了理性剥削、精神奴役以及对宏观理性的管理,分析了理性行为的群体效应,以及对数字理性管控的立法监督。新技术对人类理性行为带来了挑战,也给理性管理学派带来了机遇。管理学中国学派可以借鉴宋明理学等中国思想以进一步奠定学术话语权。

高级数字经济学:十大原理与全球趋势

论述了数字经济十大原理,解决了数字经济逻辑内核、运行机制、发展趋势等三大核心问题,从哲学方法论、价值理论、生产与消费理论、组织理论和对策论等方面构建了数字经济学的基础理论和学科体系。首先,数字经济的逻辑内核也是数字经济的存在前提:离散主义(世界观),世界的本质是离散的;制度价值论(价值论),制度规定价值的测度空间;稀缺二元性(逻辑起点),社会资源是绝对稀缺的。其次,数字经济运行机制主要指生产与消费理论:量化理性(理性论),人的理性可以量化和管控;分布效用分析(效用论),分布革命终结了边际革命;数字大生产(生产消费理论),消费和生产具有同一性;深度博弈论(分析工具),数字关系与数字策略全方位融合。最后,数字经济发展模式与发展趋势包括:平台模式(组织理论),经济组织平台化;社会异化(发展理论),通往奴役之路;数字建构(经济结构),万物皆数。

宏观制度经济学论纲

建立在微观现象归总等于宏观现象的传统制度经济学逻辑基础,仅仅当宏观属性与微观属性的同一性占主导地位时才可能成立。宏观制度经济学及其思想框架需在这一逻辑基础上重新探讨。基于后古典分析框架定义宏观制度经济学,其理论基础、分析范式和政策应用,各有不同的规定性。价值空间存在价值维度,价值维度本质上是人或经济体的自由度,可以由市场形成也可以由政府引导。价值维度的解构,意味着拓展人类生存的自然空间与社会空间。全局宏制度的存在,以局部域和基础要素的存在为前提;局部域制度的存在一般直接以基础要素为前提。宏观经济泛函原型解决的是宏观经济政策在行为函数下的最大化问题。宏观制度、局部制度与微观要素之间存在相对关系。成本与效益是价值在测度空间的不同表达,信息不对称在宏观制度经济学视角下表现为一种制度安排。在数字经济时代,通过技术手段构建的虚拟制度,突破现实制度,从而使社会价值转移并产生公权演化现象。效用不相容现象会导致理性决策问题无解或无标准解。新社会人假说,即人们思考与行动都以未来实现社会价值为基本目标。制度如何规定经济秩序,制度融合是大国战略也是国际贸易的高级阶段。人类社会的破坏性创新来自于社会价值测度与自然价值测度的价值冲突或效用不相容。宏观制度经济学关于制度通过规定稀缺序列来规定经济秩序的思想观点,对国家制度供给的政策出台与效果分析具有一定的理论价值。

Effects of Different Application Amounts of Potassium Fulvate on Yield and Quality of Tomato and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties

This study was conducted to study the optimum dosage of potassium ful- vate （PF） on greenhouse tomato, the effects of different amounts of PF on yield and quality of greenhouse tomato and soil physical and chemical properties were investigated by a field plot experiment. The results showed that the bottom applica- tion of PF increased tomato yield, plant dry matter weight and root dry matter weight by 14.0%, 14.4 and 50.6%, respectively; Vc and soluble sugar content of tomato increased by 1＆5% and 10.0%, respectively; and soil bulk density de- creased by 3.6%, and CEC increased by 5.0%. All the indexes increased with the increase of PF application amount, and reached the maximum value when the PF application rate was 4 500 kg/hm2. In consideration of the cost of fertilizer and all indexes, the optimum dosaqe of PF fertilizer was 4 500 kg/hm2.

Effects of Once Fenlong Cultivation on Soil Properties and Rice Yield and Quality for 7 Consecutive Years

[Objective] The objective of this study was to explore the long-term effect of Fenlong cultivation for one time. [Method] The physical and chemical properties of soil and rice yield and quality were investigated and determined by measuring the soil at the depth of 23 cm in the paddy field with Fenlong cultivation and 16 cm of control （conventional farming） for 7 years. [Result] Compared with the control, the average yield of early rice of the Fenlong cultivation increased by 1 972.5 kg/hm2 of the first year, an increase of 23.87%, and milled rice and protein increased by 15.95% and 14.61%, while the increase rates of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium per hectare were 74.58%, 67.01%, 104.41% and 129.62%, respectively. In the 7th year after Fenlong cultivation, the yield increased by 234 kg/hm2 from the control, an increase of 3.21%, and milled rice and protein increased by 0.5% and 0.14%, while the increase rates of organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium per hectare were 745.8%, 62.635 and 73.37%, respectively, and the increase rates of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were 46.03%, 50.58% and 36.65%, respectively. During the 7 years after Fenlong cultivation, the yield increased by 3.21-23.87%, and its average net income per season increased by 1 843.61 Yuan/hm2 with a gain of 18.03%. [Conclusion] At the 7th year after Fenlong cultivation, the paddy field still had the furrow remain at a depth of 22 cm, which was 46.67% thicker than the traditional one. The yield and quality of paddy rice increased for 7 consecutive vears showed that Fenlon.q cultivation was highly feasible for paddy field.

Macroalgae in a spring stream in Shanxi Province:composition and relation to physical and chemical variables

Fourteen stream segments were investigated throughout the Xin’an Spring in Shanxi Province, China in 2004. The variation ranges in stream size, current velocity, discharge, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductance were large. Twenty-two macroalgae species were found in the stream. Major divisions in terms of species numbers were Chlorophyta (59.1%), Cyanophyta (22.8%), Xanthophyta (9.1%), Rhodophyta (4.5%) and Charophyta (4.5%). The most widespread species, Cladophora rivularis (50.0%), also Oedogonium sp. (42.9%) and Spirogyra sp. (42.9%) were well represented throughout the stream, whereas another 10 species were found in only one sampling site. Total percentage cover varied from <1% to 90%. Red algae Batrachospermum acuatum and the charophytes Chara vulgaris have the highest percentage cover. Among the parameters analyzed, the stream width, specific conductance and dissolved oxygen were the ones that more closely related to the species number and percentage cover of macroalgal communities. The species number of each site was negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen content. The total percentage cover of the macroalgae was negatively correlated with the stream width and the specific conductance.

Effects of intercropping systems of trees with soybean on soil physicochemical properties in juvenile plantations

The intercropping system of tree with soybean in juvenile plantations, as a short-term practice, was applied at Lao Shan Experimental Station in Mao＇er Shan Forest of Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. The larch （Larix gmelinii）lsoybean （Glycine max.） and ash （Fraxinus mandshurica） intercropping systems were studied in the field to assess the effects of the intercropping on soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that soil physical properties were improved after soybean intercropping with larch and ash in one growing season. The soil bulk density in larch/soybean and ash/soybean systems was 1.112 g·cm^-3 and 1.058 g·cm^ 3, respectively, which was lower than that in the pure larch or ash plantation without intercropping. The total soil porosity also increased after intercropping. The organic matter amount in larch/soybean system was 1.77 times higher than that in the pure larch plantation, and it was 1.09 times higher in ash/soybean system than that in the pure ash plantation. Contents of total nitrogen and hydrolyzable nitrogen in larch/soybean system were 4.2% and 53.0% higher than those in the pure larch stand. Total nitrogen and hydrolyzable nitrogen contents in ash/soybean system were 75.5% and 3.3% higher than those in the pure ash plantation. Total phosphorus content decreased after intercropping, while change of available phosphorus showed an increasing trend. Total potassium and available potassium contents in the larch/soybean system were 0.6% and 17.5% higher than those in the pure larch stand. Total potassium and available potassium contents in the ash/soybean system were 56.4% and 21.8% higher than those in the oure ash plantation.

Differences of Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Upper Fresh Leaves and Post-growth Roots in Different Quality Stages

In order to explore the physiological and biochemical characteristics of fresh upper leaves and roots of different qualities of tobacco, the malonaldehyde （MDA）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, chlorophyllase activity, amylase activity, medium trace element content, chemical component content, root fresh weight, dry weight and activity in the normal tobacco leaves, tobacco leaves rich in nutrients and premature grey tobacco leaves were studied. The results showed that compared with the normal tobacco leaves, the root fresh weight, dry weight and activity in the premature grey tobacco leaves decreased by 41.22%, 14.44% and 60.29% respectively, while malonaldehyde content increased by 34.82%, and chlorophyllase, α-amylase, β-amylase and SOD activity declined by 89.55%, 65.71%, 71.26% and 37.25% respectively. Chlorophyllase, co-amylase and 13-amylase activity in the tobacco leaves rich in nutrients decreased by 58.76%, 36.19% and 41.93% respectively. The content of medium trace elements in the tobacco leaves rich in nutrients and premature grey tobacco leaves was lower than that of the normal tobacco leaves. Starch, total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium content in the normal tobacco leaves were higher than that of the tobacco leaves rich in nutrients and premature grey tobacco leaves.

Heat Resisting Mechanism of Heat-Resisting Aluminum Alloy Conductor and Its Application in Transmission Line

In this paper the heat withstanding mechanism of heat-resisting aluminum alloy conductor is discussed, the types and performance of the conductor and its application on transmission lines are analyzed and introduced, and suggestions on accelerating exploitation and application of the conductor are put forward.

Production Benefits of Double-Cropping Rice Under Optimized Application of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers Combined with Chinese Milk Vetch and Straw Co-Returning to Fields

In order to explore the technology and effects of reducing nitrogen and potassium fertilizer applications in double-cropping rice,a field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of optimized application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers combined with returning Chinese milk vetch and straw to fields on yield,fertilizer utilization efficiency,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci),chlorophyll content(SPAD value)and soil physical and chemical properties in late rice harvest period.The results showed that the optimized application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers combined with the integrated technology of Chinese milk vetch and straw co-returning to the field could enhance the photosynthetic efficiency of double-cropping rice,increase rice yield,and enhance soil biological activity,especially T4 treatment involving the returning of Chinese milk vetch and straw to the field instead of 30%nitrogen fertilizer achieved the highest rice yield,fertilizer use efficiency,net photosynthetic rate and soil biological activity.Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment T2,the total rice yield of T4 treatment increased by 4.1%,among which the early rice and late rice increased by 6.3%and 2.4%,respectively;Pn,Gs and SPAD values of flag leaves at full heading stage significantly increased,and the contents of soil active organic carbon,alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and readily available potassium significantly increased.

Emotional inference by means of Choquet integral and λ-fuzzy measurement in consideration of ambiguity of human mentality

Research on human emotions has started to address psychological aspects of human nature and has advanced to the point of designing various models that represent them quantitatively and systematically. Based on the findings, a method is suggested for emotional space formation and emotional inference that enhance the quality and maximize the reality of emotion-based personalized services. In consideration of the subjective tendencies of individuals, AHP was adopted for the quantitative evaluation of human emotions, based on which an emotional space remodeling method is suggested in reference to the emotional model of Thayer and Plutchik, which takes into account personal emotions. In addition, Sugeno fuzzy inference, fuzzy measures, and Choquet integral were adopted for emotional inference in the remodeled personalized emotional space model. Its performance was evaluated through an experiment. Fourteen cases were analyzed with 4.0 and higher evaluation value of emotions inferred, for the evaluation of emotional similarity, through the case studies of 17 kinds of emotional inference methods. Matching results per inference method in ten cases accounting for 71% are confirmed. It is also found that the remaining two cases are inferred as adjoining emotion in the same section. In this manner, the similarity of inference results is verified.

On Scientific-Technological Ethics

Ethics and morality are old and constantly updated topic. In the modern science and technology rapid development situation, study of ethics of science and technology is relatively backward. The times call for advanced and reasonable ethics of science-technology. Basic concepts and characteristics of ethics and morals are distinguished and defined in this paper. Three ethic essences of science-technology are abstracted from scientific-technological generation, application, and development. The three-dimension system of basic principles for scientific-technologic ethics is created, as illustrated by the portions given in this paper. The evolution formula of value system is derived, and used for appraising whether the science-technology activity is in all reason. Furthermore, it provides the theory base for quantified management. Finally, it is pointed out that morality and law should be supplemented each other in the science-technology management.

Semiclassical Method to Schroedinger Equation with Position-Dependent Effective Mass

In this paper, two novel semiclassical methods including the standard and supersymmetric WKB quantization conditions are suggested to discuss the Schroedinger equation with position-dependent effective mass. From a proper coordinate transformation, the formalism of the Schroedinger equation with position-dependent effective mass is mapped into isospectral one with constant mass and therefore for a given mass distribution and physical potential function the bound state energy spectrum can be determined easily by above method associated with a simple integral formula. It is shown that our method can give the analytical results for some exactly-solvable quantum systems.

Physicochemical properties and heavy metals leachability of fly ash from coal-fired power plant

The physicochemical properties of fly ash from two kinds of coal-fired power plants were studied. Three aspects were examined： the micro-morphology, the mineral composition and the content of heavy metals. The results show that the fly ash from plants using a circulating fluidized bed are more irregular par- ticles, while the particles from the plants using a pulverized coal-fired boiler are mainly spherical in shape. Quartz and mullite are the main crystalline phases in the ash. Clearly, both the technology and the coal used by a power plant can influence the mineral composition of the ash. The mineral composition of fly ash from a circulating fiuidized bed is more complex than that from a pulverized coal-fired boiler. The quantity of elements found in the fly ash is greater than that found in the bottom ash for the same plant. Heavy metals are likely to be enriched in the fly ash. Heavy metal leachability was studied using two leaching methods. The results indicate that most of the heavy metals that leached during either batch leaching or column leaching experiments did not exceed the related maximum concentration standards. But Ni concentrations in the leachates from both batch and column tests exceed the standard. The highest excess rates in both tests were 572~ and 497~, which levels might threaten the environment.

Studies on the Compositional Properties of Main Miben Series Pumpkin Varieties in Southern China

Pumpkin is among the most popular agricultural products in Southern China. To determine the important analytical properties(dry matter, total soluble sugar,dissolvable polysaccharides, mineral content, electricity conductivity, soluble solid content, fruit weight, fat, protein, fiber, pectin, β-carotene and edible rate) of pumpkin in Southern China, this study investigated the physical and chemical properties and texture of raw and steamed pumpkins of 13 Miben series varieties. Miben pumpkins were frozen at-40 ℃ for 24 h, or at-4 ℃ for 24 h, or were steamed for 15 min in boiling water to investigate the effect of different treatments on the textural change, and to reveal the texture and sensory properties of the different varieties. A total of 13 pumpkin varieties of Miben series CP1578, CP2116, XM2-2,Baimi II, Guangmi I, Guangzhouluxia, Jintong, Laojinhanzaoshu, Quanguanjixiang,Newzuhe III, V pumpkin, Zaoshutianmi and Daguomiben were involved in this study.The results showed that the Miben series pumpkins had significant difference in physical properties. The editable rate of Miben series pumpkins was higher than77%. Chemical properties varied among different varieties. Textures of pumpkin flesh after different processes were different. In the sensory assessment of Miben pumpkins, the varieties with overall quality scores more than 50 were Guangmi I, Laojinhanzaoshu, V pumpkin and Daguomiben, indicating that the four varieties all had excellent properties.

Micro-failure process and failure mechanism of brittle rock under uniaxial compression using continuous real-time wave velocity measurement

In this study,the micro-failure process and failure mechanism of a typical brittle rock under uniaxial compression are investigated via continuous real-time measurement of wave velocities.The experimental results indicate that the evolutions of wave velocities became progressively anisotropic under uniaxial loading due to the direction-dependent development of micro-damage.A wave velocity model considering the inner anisotropic crack evolution is proposed to accurately describe the variations of wave velocities during uniaxial compression testing.Based on which,the effective elastic parameters are inferred by a transverse isotropic constitutive model,and the evolutions of the crack density are inversed using a self-consistent damage model.It is found that the propagation of axial cracks dominates the failure process of brittle rock under uniaxial loading and oblique shear cracks develop with the appearance of macrocrack.

Pond Water Quality and Cyclops Population in Dracunculiasis Endemic Areas of Ogun State, Nigeria

This study investigated the association between Cyclops population and physico-chemical properties of pond water in villages selected from Odeda and Obafemi-Owode areas of Ogun State, Nigeria. Epidemiological data on guinea worm were collected from Global 2000 South-West Zonal Office. Two villages were selected from each of Odeda and Obafemi-Owode LGAs while one village was sampled from Abeokuta North LGA as control. Physico-chemical analysis and microscopic examination of pond water utilized for domestic purpose in the selected villages were conducted. Mean values of 6.78±0.10, 33.00±0.14℃, 1.09＋0.80 mg/L and 1.30±0.25 mg/L were recorded for pH, temperature, DO and nitrate respectively while control had 7.30±0.14, 36.30±14℃2, 2.72±0.14 mg/L and 5.80±0.57 mg/L. These values with the exception of DO and nitrate were within WHO standard but vary significantly （P〈0.05） between the villages. The results further showed that BOD, COD and acidity were positively correlated with Cyclops population during the rainy and dry seasons while temperature, nitrate, pH, and alkalinity have negative correlation coefficients （r=-0.81, -0.91） with Cyclops population during the two seasons. Regression analysis showed that nitrate, BOD and acidity levels explained 67.7 percent, 50.4 percent and 44.5 percent of Cyclops population in the ponds. Guinea worm eradication in endemic rural areas should incorporate ecological strategy.

Conceptualizing and Measuring Economic Resilience of Resource-based Cities： Case Study of Northeast China

This paper develops a conceptual model and an indicator system for measuring economic resilience of resource-based cities based on the theory of evolutionary resilience and the related concepts of persistence, adaptation, and transformation. Nineteen resource-based cities in Northeast China were analyzed using the indicator system. The results showed that Liaoning and Jilin provinces had higher economic resilience than Heilongjiang Province. Panjin, Benxi, and Anshan in Liaoning Province were the top three cities, while Shuangyashan and other coal-based cities in Heilongjiang Province ranked last. Metals-and petroleum-based cities had significantly higher resilience than coal-based cities. The differences in persistence, adaptability, transformation, and resilience among resource-based cities decreased since the introduction of the Northeast Revitalization Strategy in 2003. Forestry-based cities improved the most in terms of resilience, followed by metals-based and multiple-resource cities; however, resilience dropped for coal-based cities, and petroleum-based cities falling the most. The findings illustrate the importance and the way to develop a differentiated approach to improve resilience among resource-based cities.