运动技术量变理论——从技术效果和技术能力因素的量变关系谈起

运用文献法、实验法、统计法、逻辑法对运动技术的量变现象进行研究。首先,对竞技能力要素的关系进行新的构架,提出"运动训练量变理论",结合实验数据论证了"量变关系"的可认知性及训练学意义。其次,通过多个单项训练实践过程的数据,展示了"量变理论"的理论针对性、可操作性和良好的实践效果。第三,阐释了"量变理论"与"一元论""二元论""周期理论""板块理论"等当前流行理论的关系。最后,结合当代运动训练学界面临的新问题对"量变理论"进行诊断与审视。目的是为我国运动训练实践和运动训练学的发展提供一个新的视角。

Analysis of fatty acid composition of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus using multivariate statistics

Fatty acids(FAs) provide energy and also can be used to trace trophic relationships among organisms.Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus goes into a state of aestivation during warm summer months.We examined fatty acid profiles in aestivated and non-aestivated A.japonicus using multivariate analyses(PERMANOVA,MDS,ANOSIM,and SIMPER).The results indicate that the fatty acid profiles of aestivated and non-aestivated sea cucumbers differed significantly.The FAs that were produced by bacteria and brown kelp contributed the most to the differences in the fatty acid composition of aestivated and nonaestivated sea cucumbers.Aestivated sea cucumbers may synthesize FAs from heterotrophic bacteria during early aestivation,and long chain FAs such as eicosapentaenoic(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) that produced from intestinal degradation,are digested during deep aestivation.Specific changes in the fatty acid composition of A.japonicus during aestivation needs more detailed study in the future.

A Preliminary Analysis of the Relationship between Precipitation Variation Trends and Altitude in China

Characteristics of the relationship between precipitation variation trends (PVT) and altitude were analyzed using monthly mean precipitation data from 526 observation stations in China from 1961 to 2008.With respect to elevation,China was divided into three subregions,below 200 m,200-1500 m,and above 1500 m.The results showed that the correlations between annual PVT and altitude are different among the three regions.In the region below 200 m in elevation,the best relationship has a correlation coefficient of-0.19 (0.49),passing the 90% (99.9%) significance level south (north) of 35 N.However,the correlation coefficient is close to zero,and the latitude strongly governs the spatial distribution of the amplitude of annual PVT in the 200-1500-m elevation region.In most of the Tibetan Plateau,where the elevation is greater than 1500 m,there is a weak negative correlation.The Mann-Kendall method was used to test the trend of regional mean annual precipitation,which indicated that the annual mean precipitation had no obvious trend of change in China due to the reverse significant variation trends in different areas of the country.

A new method of characterizing equivalent strain for equal channel angular processing

In order to establish the quantitative relationship between equivalent strain and the performance index of the deformed material within the range of certain passes for equal channel angular processing （ECAP）, a new approach to characterize the equivalent strain was proposed. The results show that there exists better accordance between mechanical property （such as hardness or strength） and equivalent strain after rolling and ECAP in a certain range of deformation amount, and Gauss equation can be satisfied among the equivalent strain and the mechanical properties for ECAP. Through regression analysis on the data of hardness and strength after the deformation, a more generalized expression of equivalent strain for ECAP is proposed as：ε=k0exp[-（k1M-k2）^2], where M is the strength or hardness of the material, k1 is the modified coefficient （k1∈ （0, 1））, ko and k2 are two parameters dependent on the critical strain and mechanical property that reaches saturation state for the material, respectively. In this expression the equivalent strain for ECAP is characterized novelly through the mechanical parameter relating to material property rather than the classical geometry equation.

MEASUREMENT OF PROMPT NEUTRON SPECTRA OF ^（238）U FISSION INDUCED BY 10．17 AND 12．12 MeV NEUTRONS

Erperimental method to measure the prompt neutron spectra of 238U fissioninduced by fast neutrons has been developed at HI-13 Tandem Van de Grab Accelerator Laboratory of CIAE. These techniques employ a multi-segment fission chamberand tab liquid scintillator neutron detectors. TOF (time of flight) techniques are usedfor prilnny neutrons to select the fission evellts induced by monoenergetic neutronfrom 'H(d, n) reactions instead of breakup neutrons from 'H(d, up) reactions. Thefission neutron TOF spectra are measured in coincidence with the fission fragmellts todistinguish fission neutrons from other secondals neutrons. The method perests measurements to a forly good accuracy under large neutron and gamma ray baCkgroulld.The tecboques are described and experimelltal spectra are presented.

Coefficient of Partial Correlation and Its Calculation

This thesis offers the general concept of coefficient of partial correlation.Starting with regres-sion analysis,the paper,by using samples,infers the general formula of expressing coefficient of partial correlation by way of simple correlation coefficient.

Market Analysis of Typical Products in Italy： Bivariate Statistical Relationships Between Qualitative Variables

The denominations of origin being perceived by the consumers in terms of both intrinsic qualities and of extrinsic qualities, have contributed in no uncertain manner to the increase of the typical products in question, positively influenced also by the noted emergencies coming from verified alimentary alarms during the beginning of the XXI century. The objective of this paper, is to determine the habits of purchase of typical and traditional products of the people of Messina （Sicily, Italy）. To do this a ＂motivational＂ survey was carried out by traditional methodology of descriptive researches. The adopted methodology of research was quantitative and random. The random research strives to identify the factors that depend on the behaviour of purchase and the appraisal of the existing relationships of cause-effect in a determined population. The interviewed were given a questionnaire composed of 17 questions on their knowledge of the typical products characteristics, the frequency of consumption, the monthly amounts destined to the purchase, the motivations that push them to the purchase of typical products rather than pre-packed. Methodologically, our statistical analysis has been performed using the log-likelihood ratio test in order to investigate the existence of association between the joint distributions of qualitative measured variables.

Tidally Induced Water Temperature Change in Artesian Wells

Water temperature observation in wells,as a precursor observation project in China,aims to capture stress-strain information during the preparation of earthquakes. The study of the water temperature tidal effect has important significance,for water temperature tidal effect is both a reflection of stress-strain in crust and an interference factor of precursor observations. With a view of thermal conditions in artesian wells,the paper holds that there are two mechanisms for interpreting tidally induced water temperature changes in artesian wells. Namely,thermal conduction mechanisms and thermal convection mechanism. The paper then derives the quantitative relationship between water temperature and tidal volumetric strain changes in an ideal artesian well. Finally,the water temperature tidal effect in the Benxi artesian well is analyzed. The results show that the water temperature tidal effect in Benxi well is the result of joint action of thermal conduction mechanism and thermal convection mechanism,in which thermal conduction mechanism plays a leading role.

Corporate Governance and Earnings Quality： The Experience of Listed Companies in Iran

This study examines the relationship among independent boards of directors, board size, managerial share ownership （MSO）, and earnings quality. The study of these relationships is controlled by firm size based on a sample of 114 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange （TSE） for the period from 2008 to 2010. The results demonstrate that there was an insignificant positive relationship among independent boards of directors, managerial ownership, and earnings quality. Subsequent analysis shows an insignificant negative relationship between board size and earnings quality. It also provides evidence of the negative relationship between firm size as a control variable and earnings quality. This can be attributed to the fact that large firms are claimed to be politically sensitive and thus have the incentive to lessen variances in changes in their reported earnings.

Relations between Low-Frequency Modes of Climate Variability and Air-Sea Heat Flux at the Mediterranean Interface

The main objective of this work is to examine statistical causality relationships between low-frequency modes of climate variability and winter （December to February） anomaly of net heat flux at the Mediterranean air-sea interface. The introduction of the concept of Granger causality allowed us to examine the influence of these climates indices on the net heat flux anomaly and to select Mediterranean surface regions that really influenced by each index. Results show that the winter anomaly of the net heat flux in the Algerian basin south and the gulf of Lion is mainly caused by the Arctic Oscillation. El Nifio-Southern Oscillation influences much more the Algerian basin north and the northern lonian Sea. The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation affects only the Alboran and the Tyrrhenian Seas. But the Adriatic and Levantine basin are impacted by any climate index. They also show that these climate indices can increase explained variance in winter variations of air-sea net heat flux by 10% to 15%, with a lag of three seasons. These relationships are less persistent and spatially limited.

Dynamic bivariate normal copula

Normal copula with a correlation coefficient between-1 and 1 is tail independent and so it severely underestimates extreme probabilities. By letting the correlation coefficient in a normal copula depend on the sample size, H¨usler and Reiss(1989) showed that the tail can become asymptotically dependent. We extend this result by deriving the limit of the normalized maximum of n independent observations, where the i-th observation follows from a normal copula with its correlation coefficient being either a parametric or a nonparametric function of i/n. Furthermore, both parametric and nonparametric inference for this unknown function are studied, which can be employed to test the condition by H¨usler and Reiss(1989). A simulation study and real data analysis are presented too.

Unified plastic modulus in the bounding surface plasticity model

A unified plastic modulus parameter for the bounding surface plasticity model is introduced in order to maintain the identical responses of modeling for both the two-dimensional and three-dimensional stress space with the same model parameters. Also discussed are the influences of the plastic modulus parameter on the stress-strain relationship and the plastic modulus. The model is more sensitive in modeling the stress strain responses when the plastic modulus parameter is small. The plastic modulus parameter has a great influence on the magnitude of the plastic modulus, especially at the initial loading stage. The plastic modulus asymptotically tends to zero at the end of loading.

Topological recursion relations on M_(3,2)

We give some new genus-3 universal equations for Gromov-Witten invariants of compact symplectic manifolds. These equations were obtained by studying relations in the tautological ring of the moduli space of2-pointed genus-3 stable curves. A byproduct of our search for genus-3 equations is a new genus-2 universal equation for Gromov-Witten invariants.

CONDITIONS FOR UNIFORMLY NON-CONFOUNDING OF CAUSAL DISTRIBUTION EFFECTS OVER MULTIPLE COVARIATES

Causation is a distinct concept from association and more important than association inepidemiologic studies.This paper proposes the concept of uniform non-confounding for causal distributioneffects over multiple covariates,and gives the sufficient conditions for uniform non-confoundingover a covariate set C including confounders or non-confounders,and also shows the conditions forconditionally non-confounding in the subpopulations.All these conditions can be tested by observeddata.