绿色屋面径流量控制效果评估方法研究

由于降雨的随机性,次降雨的绿色屋面径流量控制率存在较大差异,若干场次降雨的径流削减实测无法反映绿色屋面长期的径流削减效果。为客观评估绿色屋面径流量控制能力,基于绿色屋面装置实验,提出了根据蒸发蒸腾特征分段的绿色屋面水量平衡模型。在此基础上,根据15年的降雨资料,建立降雨特征参数概率分布模型,通过蒙特卡洛随机抽样方法进行不同降雨下绿色屋面径流量控制率计算,从而建立了绿色屋面径流量长期控制效果与能力的评估方法。通过对杭州市绿色屋面的评估表明:杭州市绿色屋面在10~3月和4~9月的径流量控制率分别为50.9%、69.2%。该评估方法能有效避免随机降雨与季节对绿色屋面性能的影响,评价结果具有全面性和科学性。

《浙江省海绵城市规划设计导则》编制思考

为规范浙江省海绵城市规划和建设,编制《浙江省海绵城市规划设计导则》,本文总结了导则编制过程中遇到的部分问题及编制思考,包括扩展年径流总量控制率定义、梳理海绵城市专项规划的层次、框架、四大体系关系及与其他行业的关系,提出各类上位规划的海绵控制指标等,希望对其他省份编制海绵导则有一定的参考价值,并给海绵城市规划编制单位及海绵工程设计单位提供参考。

基于海绵城市理念的城市排水工程设计初探

基于海绵城市理念,结合某工程实例,论述了城市排水工程的详细设计构思,给出了调蓄容积、年径流量控制率、径流污染削减率等指标的控制原则,通过设置调蓄水池、透水铺装、下沉式绿地等措施落实控制指标,使外排至市政雨水管网的雨水量得到有效控制,体现了工程项目的海绵特质,对海绵城市建设具有一定的示范作用.

浅析海绵城市设计

近几年来,由于社会和经济的快速发展,出现了大规模的造城运动。路面硬化、河道渠化、输水管网化,洪涝发生概率大大增加;而中国1100个城市严重缺水。海绵城市的建设在解决城市内涝和水资源短缺问题上十分有效。本文主要介绍了海绵城市建设的主要设施及其适用条件和设计方法。

污水泵站工程中的海绵城市方案设计探讨

将“海绵城市”设计理念融入到污水泵站设计之中。以某污水泵站工程为实例,通过低影响开发设施———下凹式绿地、透水铺装的设置,满足工程对年径流量控制率及年径流污染控制率目标的要求,为污水泵站等类似工程项目运用“海绵城市”设计理念提供参考。

Approach to estimating non-point pollutant load removal rates based on water environmental capacity: a case study in Shenzhen

An innovative approach based on water environmental capacity for non-point source NPS pollution removal rate estimation was discussed by using both univariate and multivariate data analysis.Taking Shenzhen city as the study case a 67% to 74% NPS pollutant load removal rate can lead to meeting the chemical oxygen demand COD pollution control target for most watersheds.In contrast it is hardly to achieve the ammonia nitrogen NH4-N total phosphorus TP and biological oxygen demand BOD5 pollution control target by simply removing NPS pollutants. This highlights that the pollution control strategies should be taken according to different pollutant species and sources in different watersheds rather than one-size-fits-all .

低影响开发理念在西安地区小区景观设计中的运用

以西安某棚户区建设项目为例,探讨如何结合低影响开发理念指导景观设计,实现区域性海绵城市建设控制指标要求。根据铺装材料、地形塑造、植物选择三方面提出建设思路,阐述利用透水性铺装、下沉式绿地、生态植草沟3种LID措施进行针对性设计,通过数据计算得出项目年径流控制总量和年雨水径流污染削减率(TSS)符合当地标准的结论。最后指出项目提高标准实施存在的一系列问题,从而为我国西北地区小区建设中贯彻海绵城市控制目标提供借鉴与参考。

An Uplink Power Control Scheme in CDMA Mobile Communication System

A brief introduction of principles and algorithm realization of uplink power control in CDMA mobile communication system based on IS 95 are given, and then the blocking probability and Erlang capacity under the condition of perfect and imperfect uplink power control are presented and analyzed. Finally the uplink power control algorithms are simulated, and the optimum uplink power control algorithm that maximizes system Erlang capacity is acquired.

Controlled Remote Preparation of a Two-Qubit State via an Asymmetric Quantum Channel

I present a new scheme for probabilistic remote preparation of a general two-qubit state from a sender to either of two receivers.The quantum channel is composed of a partial entangled tripartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and a W-type state.I try to realize the remote two-qubit preparation by using the usual projective measurement and the method of positive operator-valued measure,respectively.The corresponding success probabilities of the scheme with different methods as well as the total classical communication cost required in this scheme are also calculated.

Structural Intensity Characterization of Composite Laminates Subjected to Impact Load

Structural intensity (SI) characterization of composite laminates subjected to impact load was dis-cussed. The SI pattern of the laminates which have different fiber orientations and boundary conditions was analyzed. The resultant forces and velocities of the laminates were calculated, and the structural intensity was evaluated. The SI streamlines of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite laminates and the steel plates were discussed. The results show that the SI streamlines of the graphite/epoxy laminates are different from that of the steel plates, and the SI streamlines are influenced by the boundaries, the stacking sequence of the composite laminates. The change of the historical central displacement of the graphite/epoxy laminates is fasten than that of the steel plates.

A TCP Performance Enhancement Scheme in Infrastructure based Vehicular Networks

Transmission Control Protocol （TCP） in infrastructure based vehicular net- works is dedicated to support reliable Intemet services for mobile users. However, an end-to- end TCP flow not only experiences some com- mon challenges in wireless mobile networks, such as high packet loss rate, medium access competition, unstable wireless bandwidth, and dynamic topology, etc., but also suffers from performance degradation due to traffic congestion at the Road-Side Units （RSUs） that connect the wireline and wireless networks. In order to address the challenging issues related to reliable TCP transmissions in infrastruc- ture based vehicular networks, we propose an RSU based TCP （R-TCP） scheme. For wireline source nodes, R-TCP adopts a novel flow control mechanism to adjust transmission rates according to the status of bottleneck link. Specifically, during the short wireless connec- tion time in Infrastructure based vehicular net- works, R-TCP quickly chooses an ideal trans- mission rate for data transmissions instead of activating the slow start algorithm after the connection is established, and successfully avoids the oscillation of the transmission rate. Simulation results show that R-TCP achieves great advantages than some relate proposals in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay, and packet loss rate.

Controlled Teleportation of Two-Partic le Entanglement via a Cluster State

In order to teleport an unknown two-par-ticle entangled state via a cluster state, a controlled teleportation schelre is proposed. It is shown that an unknown two-particle entangled state can be successfully transmitted from the sender Alice to the receiver Bob with the help of the supervisor Charlie via the only one four-particle cluster state. The receiver can reconstruct the teleported state according to the lmasurement results of the sender and supervisor. Quantum Controlled-NOT （CNOT） gate and POVM are used, which have been accom-plished in a quantum experiment, so it is believed that this scheme will be realized by experirnent. By analysis, the success probability of the proposed scheme reaches 1.0.

Sensing Time Optimization in Energy-Harvesting Cognitive Radio with Interference Rate Control

In this paper,an energy-harvesting cognitive radio(CR) is considered,which allows the transmitter of the secondary user(SU) to harvest the primary signal energy from the transmitter of the primary user(PU) when the presence of the PU is detected.Then the harvested energy is converted into the electrical power to supply the transmission of the SU at the detected absence of the PU.By adopting the periodic spectrum sensing,the average total transmission rate of the SU is maximized through optimizing the sensing time,subject to the constraints of the probabilities of false alarm and detection,the harvested energy and the interference rate control.The simulation results show that there deed exists an optimal sensing time that maximizes the transmission rate,and the maximum transmission rate of the energy-harvesting CR can better approach to that of the traditional CR with the increasing of the detection probability.

Semi on-line scheduling for maximizing the minimum machine completion time on three uniform machines

The paper investigates a semi on-line scheduling problem wherein the largest processing time of jobs done by three uniform machines M1, M2, M3 is known in advance. A speed si (s1=1, s2=r, s3=s, 1≤r≤s) is associated with machine Mi. Our goal is to maximize Cmin?the minimum workload of the three machines. We present a min3 algorithm and prove its competitive ratio is max{r+1,(3s+r+1)/(1+r+s)}, with the lower bound being at least max{2,r}. We also claim the competitive ratio of min3 algo- rithm cannot be improved and is the best possible for 1≤s≤2, r=1.

Reduction mechanism of Fe2O3-Cr2O3-NiO system by carbon

Isothermal experiments on the reduction of Fe_2O_3-Cr_2O_3-NiO(molar ratio of Fe-to-Cr-to-Ni is 3:2:2)by graphite were carried out at 1350–1550°C,and effects of various factors on reduction degree were studied.The results show that the reaction rate of the Fe_2O_3-Cr_2O_3-NiO system is fast during the initial period(reduction degree,α<38%),and then the rate decreases until the end of the reduction.Factors such as temperature,carbon content,sample size have a more significant effect during the final stage(α>38%).The metallic product formed at the initial stage(a Fe-Ni alloy)greatly promotes the reduction of Cr2O3 at the final stage.Further,during the reduction of Fe_2O_3-Cr_2O_3-NiO by carbon,interfacial reaction is the rate-controlling step and g(α)=1-(1-α)0.5 is the reaction mechanism for the initial stage,whereas two-dimensional diffusion is the rate-controlling step and f(α)=α+(1-α)ln(1-α)is the reaction mechanism for the final stage.The apparent activation energies are 55.43 k J/mol and 174.54 k J/mol for the initial and the final stages,respectively.

Inheritance of Boron Efficiency in Oilseed Rape

Field experiments were conducted to study the inheritance of boron efficiency in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) by evaluating the boron (B) efficiency coefficient (BEC, the ratio of the seed yield at below the critical boron level to that at the boron-sufficient level) with 657 F2:3 lines of a population derived from a cross between a B-efficient cultivar, Qingyou 10, and a B-inefficient cultivar, Bakow. Qingyou 10 had high BEC as well as high seed yield at low available soil B. On the contrary, Bakow produced low seed yield at low B status. Boron deficiency decreased the seed yield of the F2:3 lines to different extents and the distribution of BEC of the population showed a bimodal pattern. When the 657 F2:3 lines were grouped into B-efficient lines and B-inefficient lines according to their BEC, the ratio of B-efficient lines to B-inefficient lines fitted the expected ratio (3:1), indicating that one major gene controlled the B-efficiency trait. 127 F2:3 lines selected from the population at random, with distribution of BEC similar to that of the overall population, were used to identify the target region for fine mapping of the boron efficiency gene.

Controlled Entropy and Gauge Theory in Recycling Condensed Matter by Solar Energy

This article discusses the physical principles to be considered in a thermodynamic engineering solar system running under operational control algorithms designed to minimize entropy rates. The proposed plant is based on scientific foundations established by thermodynamics and classical field theory, and empirical disciplines that deal with properties of chemical elements and with technologies of calorific capture from remote sources. The gauge principle was applied in theoretical formalization as an essential tool in the control background of the entropy rates involved. The industrial system presented was planned to recycle condensed matter within the scope of a solid waste management policy.

Macroblock-Level Rate Control Scheme for Video Encoders

Rate control plays an important role in video coding. An algorithm is proposed by Tsai et al in which macroblock’s coding order is rearranged to improve the coding quality. However, the complexity is very high due to the change of macroblock’s coding order. In this paper, a macroblocl-level rate control algorithm is proposed which recalculates the quantization parameter of each macroblock based on its significance. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm not only achieves 0.1-0.6 dB in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) but also reduces 33%-55% total encoding time compared to Tsai’s algorithm.

Review of pre-processing technologies for ice cores

High-resolution ice core records covering long time spans enable reconstruction of the past climatic and environmental conditions allowing the investigation of the earth system's evolution. Preprocessing of ice cores has direct impacts on the data quality control for further analysis since the conventional ice core processing is time-consuming, produces qualitative data, leads to ice mass loss, and leads to risks of potential secondary pollution. However, over the past several decades, preprocessing of ice cores has received less attention than the improvement of ice drilling, the analytical methodology of various indices, and the researches on the climatic and environmental significance of ice core records. Therefore, this papers reviews the development of the processing for ice cores including framework, design as well as materials, analyzes the technical advantages and disadvantages of the different systems. In the past, continuous flowanalysis(CFA) has been successfully applied to process the polar ice cores. However, it is not suitable for ice cores outside polar region because of high level of particles, the memory effect between samples, and the filtration before injection. Ice core processing is a subtle and professional operation due to the fragility of the nonmetallic materials and the random distribution of particles and air bubbles in ice cores, which aggravates uncertainty in the measurements. The future developments of CFA are discussed in preprocessing, memory effect, challenge for brittle ice, coupling with real-time analysis and optimization of CFA in the field. Furthermore, non-polluting cutters with many different configurations could be designed to cut and scrape in multiple directions and to separate inner and outer portions of the core. This system also needs to be coupled with streamlined operation of packaging, coding, and stacking that can be implemented at high resolution and rate, avoiding manual intervention. At the same time, information of the longitudinal sections could be scanned andidentified, and then classified to obtain quantitative data. In addition, irregular ice volume and weight can also be obtained accurately. These improvements are recorded automatically via user-friendly interfaces. These innovations may be applied to other paleomedias with similar features and needs.

The Effect of Pivot Bearing Assembly Process on Natural Frequency of Actuator Arm

This paper presents the study of vibration in each element of hard disk drive, especially the resonance of the actuator arm. The resonance occurs in hard disk drive is considered as one of the quality controlled parameter. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the relationship between the pivot bearing assembly process and the natural frequency of the actuator arm. The experiment is designed using the information from the hard disk drive manufacturer. The selected pivot bearing assembly process parameters have been controlled. The modal analysis of the assembled actuator arms has been done. The experiment results show the relationship of the specific process parameters and some of the actuator arm＇s modal frequency. The results also show that the affected vibration mode is the torsion mode only.