U形渠道圆头量水柱测流影响因素试验及模拟

为研究U形渠道圆头量水柱的测流规律及影响因素，基于绕流理论和RNGk-ε湍流模型，对18种体型圆头量水柱5种工况下的水力性能进行全流场数值计算，获得了时均流场、断面流速分布及柱后水流流态，并与实测值进行对比。同时，通过模型试验与数值仿真研究了V形尾翼对测流的影响。结果表明：水力参数的实测值与模拟值具有较好的一致性，渠道底坡为1/1000，流量为45.01L/s，收缩比及长宽比分别为0.50和2时，驻点处横断面最大流速模拟值与实测值相对误差为1.51%，水深15cm位置剖面最大流速模拟值与实测值相对误差为0.45%。适宜长宽比的V形尾翼可以有效改善过槽水流：当收缩比为0.50～0.75时，建议长宽比为3/2～2；当收缩比＜0.50时，长宽比应相应增大，但不宜＞5/2。通过回归分析得到的圆头量水柱流量计算公式，在收缩比为0.63时最大测流误差为4.95%，平均误差仅为0.10%，该研究为圆头量水柱在中国北方灌区末级渠系的进一步应用提供参考。

U形渠道圆头量水柱水力性能影响因素研究

【目的】基于临界流原理,研究不同因素对U形渠道圆头量水柱水力性能的影响,为其在我国北方灌区的推广应用提供参考。【方法】对U形渠道上6种喉口收缩比(ε=0.75,0.70,0.63,0.56,0.50,0.44)的圆头量水柱在5种流量(Q=0.015,0.025,0.035,0.045,0.055m3/s)、4种渠道比降(i=1/1 000,1/2 000,1/3 000,1/5 000)下的测流公式、适宜喉口收缩比、水头损失、临界淹没度、测流精度等水力性能进行试验研究。【结果】圆头量水柱的驻点水深与流量间存在良好的指数相关关系,相关系数达0.997。根据试验数据回归分析得到了4种渠道比降的流量计算公式,公式符合量纲和谐原理,满足了测流精度的要求,实测流量与计算流量之间最大误差为6.79%;圆头量水柱的适宜喉口收缩比为0.50~0.70时,上游壅水高度和水头损失均较小,且临界淹没度较高,可达0.90。【结论】圆头量水柱具有结构简单、抗淤堵等优点,适合在我国北方多泥沙水源的渠道中应用。

基于CFD的U形渠道量水柱体型比选研究

针对U形渠道,以不同体型的量水柱为研究对象,利用Pro/E软件建立了U形渠道及量水柱的三维模型,并基于计算流体动力学软件Flow-3D,采用RNGk-ε三维湍流模型对U形渠道内的流动发展情况进行数值模拟。结果表明,圆柱形量水槽及菱柱形量水柱过渡段水面波动较为剧烈;桥墩形量水柱上游壅水高度及水头损失过大;椭圆柱形量水柱的制作加工较为复杂;圆头量水柱结构简单,流场分布较平稳,上游壅水高度小,且水头损失小,适宜在我国北方多泥沙水源的渠道中应用。

U形渠道圆头量水柱试验研究

为了探讨U形渠道圆头量水柱这一新型量水设施的过槽水流水力特性,分析其实用性和适用性,通过对5种收缩比、3种顺流长度的圆头量水柱在U形渠道上的原型试验,分析了该量水设施在小型U形渠道的驻点水深与流量的关系,研究了收缩比对上游壅水高度、测流精度及上游佛汝德数的影响。结果表明：圆头量水柱收缩比对上游壅水高度和上下游水位差的影响较大,上游壅水高度和上下游水位差随收缩比的增大而减小;上游佛汝德数随流量和收缩比的增大而增大,且在试验范围内均满足测流规范的要求。由此可确定圆头量水柱最佳收缩比的范围为0.43~0.57,圆头量水柱对于U形断面渠道有良好的适用性。

U形渠道底坡对圆头量水柱测流的影响分析

为研究渠道底坡对圆头量水柱水力性能的影响,分析其在我国北方灌区的适用性,在U形渠道中对6种底坡、6种收缩比、3种长宽比的圆头量水柱进行了系统试验,分析了该量水设施在U形渠道中的水面线变化规律及不同底坡适宜的圆头量水柱体型,研究了底坡对上游水位壅高、水头损失、上游佛汝德数及临界淹没度的影响。拟合出简明实用具有量纲和谐性的流量公式,测流精度高。试验结果表明:在渠道流量、圆头量水柱收缩比和长宽比相同时,随着底坡的减小,上游水位壅高增加,影响范围逐渐上移;上下游水头损失及上游佛汝德数随着底坡的变陡而增大;圆头量水柱收缩比及长宽比的选择与底坡呈负相关关系;该量水柱具有较高的临界淹没度,可达0.90。

U形渠道圆头量水柱的数值模拟

为进一步研究U形渠道圆头量水柱过流特性及测流精度,利用Flow-3D软件对U形渠道圆头量水柱水力特性进行数值模拟,将渠道水流流态及水面线的实测值与模拟值进行对比,同时研究不同规格的圆头量水柱流量与驻点水深的关系及水头损失情况,并拟合出其流量公式。结果表明:模拟值与实测值的相对误差<10%,两者具有较好的一致性,数值模拟结果可为圆头量水柱的结构优化提供依据。流量与驻点水深有很好的线性相关关系,相关系数0.98;水头损失随收缩比的减小而增大,相比量水槽水头损失较小,但顺流长度过大,水头损失反而增大;根据数据拟合出的流量公式,最大相对误差为9.74%,平均误差为2.66%,满足精度要求。

Surveying on two-zone height of sublevel strip mining

The site drilling packer permeability test and TEM to the 2100 workface in Gucheng coalmine determined the two-zone height under sublevel strip mining.The conclusion considers that the lying strata deterioration law of the strip mining is similar to that of the sublevel mining.Thus, against that the actually measured data lacked, it is feasible to refer to the reservation of the waterproof coal pillar in the neighbor coalmine under sublevel situation.However, it is necessary to further launch the research on lying strata deterioration law under sublevel striping mining for the purpose of providing the right foundation for the layout of the workface not mined so far and the reservation of the waterproof coal pillar in the mining area.

Effect of partial blockage of air duct outlet on performance of OWC device

The use of a Savonius rotor as turbine for an oscillating water column(OWC) is demonstrated.The effect of tuning the OWC using turbine duct blockage is also studied for different wave conditions.A horizontal turbine section OWC employing a Savonius rotor was tested by varying the opening of OWC exit(0%,25%,50%,75% and 100%) to study the behavior and performance of the device.The OWC model was tested at water depth of 0.29 m at frequencies of 0.8,0.9 and 1.0 Hz while the exit openings are varied.The static pressure,dynamic pressure,rotational speed of the Savonius rotor and the coefficient of power are presented as results.The OWC with exit opening of 25% showed greater performance in terms of rotational speed and CP compared to OWC with other exit opening percentages.This proves the ability of the OWC to be tuned by regulating flow in the turbine duct.

Parametric design strategy of a novel cylindrical negative Poisson's ratio jounce bumper for ideal uniaxial compression load-displacement curve

A cylindrical negative Poisson's ratio(CNPR) structure based on two-dimensional double-arrow negative Poisson's ratio(NPR)structure was introduced in this paper. The CNPR structure has excellent stiffness, damping and energy absorption performances,and can be applied as spring, damper and energy absorbing components. In this study, the CNPR structure was used as a jounce bumper in vehicle suspension, and the load-displacement curve of NPR jounce bumper was discussed. Moreover, the influences of structural parameters and materials on the load-displacement curve of NPR jounce bumper were specifically researched. It came to the conclusion that only the numbers of cells and layers impact the hardening displacement of NPR jounce bumper. And all parameters significantly affect the structure stiffness at different displacement periods. On the other hand, the load-displacement curve of NPR jounce bumper should be in an ideal region which is difficult to be achieved applying mathematical optimization method. Therefore, a parametric design strategy of NPR jounce bumper was proposed according to the parametric analysis results. The design strategy had two main steps: design of hardening displacement and design of stiffness. The analysis results proved that the proposed method is reliable and is also meaningful for relevant structure design problem.