2型糖尿病浊毒内蕴证中医诊断量表的研制及验证

研制2型糖尿病浊毒内蕴证中医诊断量表并验证量表性能。结合文献回顾和专家咨询方式建立候选条目池,并据此制定临床病例信息采集表。以2021年7月至2022年1月就诊于天津中医药大学第一附属医院的2型糖尿病患者为调查对象,收集有效临床病例信息采集表312份,随机分为研究组235例,验证组77例。对研究组采用区分度分析法、克朗巴赫系数法、相关系数法、逐步回归法4种统计学方法进行条目筛选,采用Logistic回归分析法和因子分析法进行条目赋权,并以受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线判定最终的诊断模型,计算约登指数确定诊断阈值,最终形成由苔浊垢(权重值为23,下同)、大便黏腻(16)、脘腹满闷(12)、面色晦暗(12)、烦躁(11)、皮肤褐色斑(11)、头重(10)、胸闷(5)8项条目组成的2型糖尿病浊毒内蕴证中医诊断量表,每项条目按照无、轻度、中度、重度的症状程度分别计为0、0.5、1.0、1.5分,总分为每项条目程度得分乘以权重值的总和,当总分达到33分时即诊断为浊毒内蕴证。通过研究组与验证组对建立的量表进行检验评价,结果显示研究组和验证组灵敏度分别为89.38%、89.47%,特异度分别为95.90%、89.74%,约登指数分别为0.85、0.79,阳性预测值分别为95.28%、89.47%,阴性预测值分别为90.70%、89.74%,诊断优势比分别为198.18、72.67,Kappa值分别为0.86、0.79,表明2型糖尿病浊毒内蕴证中医诊断量表具有较好的诊断能力。

中医体质量表30条目简短版的制定与评价

目的简化41条目中医体质量表,并对其性能进行评价,使其更适用于干预效果评价。方法结合专家意见,采用变异度法、条-总相关系数法、克朗巴赫α系数法、因子分析法和临界比率法筛选条目,形成简短版量表。再纳入受试者进行体质干预,以评价简化后量表的反应度、信度和效度。结果简化后的中医体质量表包含30个条目。该量表的标准反应均数(SRM)和效应量(ES)绝对值范围为0.21~0.58和0.15~0.40,与41条目中医体质量表相近;克朗巴赫α系数为0.51~0.75,内部一致性较好;提取的8个因子显示该量表的结构效度较好;可以较好地区分不同受试者。结论中医体质量表简化为30条目,性能评价良好,利于体质干预效果的评价及填写效率的提高。

老年自我忽视测评工具的系统评价

目的系统评价老年自我忽视问卷,为医护人员选择合适的老年自我忽视筛查工具提供参考。方法计算机检索PubMed、EBSCO、Web of Science、SCOPUS、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库关于老年自我忽视测评工具的研究,检索时限建库至2020年10月,采用量表性能评价标准进行评价。结果最终共纳入12篇文献,包括8种英文问卷,4种中文问卷。12种问卷均可采取他评方式,其中3种问卷可同时自评和他评。6项研究清晰报告了问卷的内容效度,1项研究满足内部一致性信度评价标准。结论老年自我忽视评估工具大多为他评问卷且质量良莠不齐,有必要开发信效度较高的老年自我忽视快速筛查自评问卷。

Adsorption/reaction energetics measured by microcalorimetry and correlated with reactivity on supported catalysts: A review

The formations and transformations of the chemical bonds of reactants and intermediates on cata- lyst surfaces occur in conjunction with the evolution of heat during catalytic reactions. Measure- ment of this evolved heat is helpful in terms of understanding the nature of the interactions be- tween the catalyst and the adsorbed species, and provides insights into the reactivity of the catalyst. Although various techniques have previously been applied to assessments of evolved heat, direct measurements using a Tian-Calvet microcalorimeter are currently the most reliable method for this purpose. In this review, we summarize the relationship between the adsorption/reaction energetics determined by microcalorimetry and the reactivities of supported catalysts, and examine the im- portant role of microcalorimetry in understanding catalytic performance from the energetic point of view.

Surface quality, microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Sn alloy plate prepared by two-phase zone continuous casting

Cu-4.7%Sn （mass fraction） alloy plate was prepared by the self-developed two-phase zone continuous casting （TZCC） process. The relationship between process parameters of TZCC and surface quality of the alloy plate was investigated. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the TZCC alloy plate were analyzed. The results show that Cu-4.7%Sn alloy plate with smooth surface can be obtained by means of reasonable matching the entrance temperature of two-phase zone mold and the continuous casting speed. The microstructure of the TZCC alloy is composed of grains-covered grains, small grains with self-closed grain boundaries, columnar grains and equiaxed grains. Compared with cold mold continuous casting Cu-4.7%Sn alloy plate, the room temperature tensile strength and ductility of the TZCC alloy plate are greatly improved.

Quantum-mechanical study of effect of lattice defects on surface properties and copper activation of sphalerite surface

The electronic properties of sphalerite(110)surface bearing Fe,Mn and Cd impurities were calculated using density-functional theory,and the effects of impurities on the copper activation of sphalerite were investigated.Calculated results indicate that both Fe and Mn impurities narrow the band gap of sphalerite surface and lead to the Fermi level shifting to conduction band.Impurity levels composed of Fe 3d and Mn 3d orbital appearing in band gap are beneficial to electrons transfer from the valence band to the conduction band and promote the surface conductivity and the electrochemical activity.The results show that Fe and Mn impurities cannot be replaced by Cu atom,which reduces the exchange sites(Zn)for Cu atom,hence Fe-and Mn-bearing sphalerites are hard to be activated by copper.Cd impurity has little effect on electronic structure of sphalerite surface;however,Cd atom is easily replaced by Cu atom,and this is the reason why the Cd-bearing sphalerite can be easily floated.

Joint Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) & Walsh-Hadamard Transform: Enhancing the Receiver Performance

Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) is a new access method to achieve high performance gains in terms of capacity and throughput, so it is currently under consideration as one of the candidates for fifth generation(5 G) technologies. NOMA utilizes power domain in order to superimpose signals of multiple users in a single transmitted signal. This creates a lot of interference at the receive side. Although the use of successive interference cancellation(SIC) technique reduces the interference, but to further improve the receiver performance, in this paper, we have proposed a joint Walsh-Hadamard transform(WHT) and NOMA approach for achieving better performance gains than the conventional NOMA. WHT is a well-known code used in communication systems and is used as an orthogonal variable spreading factor(OVSF) in communication systems. Application of WHT to NOMA results in low bit error rate(BER) and high throughput performance for both low and high channel gain users. Further, it also reduces peak to average power ratio(PAPR) of the user signal. The results are discussed in terms of comparison between the conventionalNOMA and the proposed technique, which shows that it offers high performance gains in terms of low BER at different SNR levels, reduced PAPR, high user throughput performance and better spectral efficiency.

Effect of Chemical Doping and Ion Implantation on Cond uctivity of Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) Derivatives

The surface conductivity of poly [ 2-methoxy-5-（3＇-methyl） butoxy]-p-phenylene vinylene （PMOMBOPV） films doped with FeCl3 and H2SO4 by chemical method and implanted by N^＋ ions was studied and the comparison of environmental stability of conductive behavior was also investigated. The energy and dose of N^＋ ions were in the rang 15～35 keV and 3. 8×10^15～9. 6×10^16 ions/cm^2, respectively. The conductivity of PMOMBOPV film was enhanced remarkably with the increases of the energy and dose of N^＋ ions. For example, the conductivity of PMOMBOPV film was 3. 2×10^-2S/cm when ion implantation was performed with an energy of 35 keV at a dose of 9. 6 × 10^14 ions/cm^2 , which was almost seven orders of magnitude higher than that of film unimplanted. The environmental stability of conductive behavior for ionimplanted film was much better than that of chemical doped films. Moreover, the conductive activation energy of ion-implanted films was measured to be about 0.17 eV.

Study on Tribological Properties of the Rolling Fluid Containing Nano-MoS_2 for Cold Rolling of Steel Strip

The nano-MoS2 particles were adopted to substitute for the extreme-pressure and anti-wear additives to the rolling fluid for steel strips.An optimal formulation and technical process for adding nano-MoS2 particles to the rolling fluid were obtained through orthogonal experiments with three factors at three levels.The tests have led to the following conclusions:(a) the nanoparticles should be added to a base oil with high saponification value;(b) the concentration of nanoparticles in rolling fluid should be equal to 0.6%;and (c) when the reaction time needed for surfactants (oleic acid,for example) to modify the nanoparticles was 40 min,the rolling fluid could have the best tribological properties.The lubricity of rolling fluid was verified by using a 4-high cold rolling test mill which showed that the rolling fluid with nano-MoS2 particles had the excellent lubricant performance to improve the surface quality of the steel strip remarkably.The mechanism of nano-MoS2 particles in the rolling process has been investigated by a series of characterization instruments,which have showed that,with its fullerene-like structure,the nano-MoS2 particles have self-lubricating properties and extra-low friction coefficient,and can easily form a protective film with low shear strength on the surface of friction pairs.

Systematic rationalization approach for multivariate correlated alarms based on interpretive structural modeling and Likert scale

Alarm flood is one of the main problems in the alarm systems of industrial process. Alarm root-cause analysis and alarm prioritization are good for alarm flood reduction. This paper proposes a systematic rationalization method for multivariate correlated alarms to realize the root cause analysis and alarm prioritization. An information fusion based interpretive structural model is constructed according to the data-driven partial correlation coefficient calculation and process knowledge modification. This hierarchical multi-layer model is helpful in abnormality propagation path identification and root-cause analysis. Revised Likert scale method is adopted to determine the alarm priority and reduce the blindness of alarm handling. As a case study, the Tennessee Eastman process is utilized to show the effectiveness and validity of proposed approach. Alarm system performance comparison shows that our rationalization methodology can reduce the alarm flood to some extent and improve the performance.

Investigation of MQL-Employed Hard-Milling Process of S60C Steel Using Coated-Cermented Carbide Tools

The application of cutting fluids in machining brings out many benefits, but their use is accompanied by health and enviroment hazards. MQL （Minimum Quantity Lubricant） has become a preciously alternative solution for lubrication against dry machinning and flood cooling lubricant, and this is a step toward green machining. This paper presents a comprehensively experiemental study on investigation of MQL performance in hard milling of S60C steel for multiple responses, including surface quality, cutting forces and tool wear. Compared to dry milling, even-enhanced surfaces finish quality, 20% less cutting force （Ft） and almost 112% prolonged tool lifetime are achieved by using MQL with 5% Emulsion in hard milling. In addition, this study compared the performances of MQL milling by using 5% Emulsion to the peanut oil completely harmless to the enviroment. This encouraging result, therefore, reveals that the MQL-employed hard milling can enable significant improvement in productivity, product quality, and overall machining economy even after covering the additional cost of designing and implementing MQL system. Moreover, this study also shows the limitation of peanut oils employed in MQL and proposes the further research in novel additives to enhance the performance of cooling lubricant for vegetable oils.

中国糖尿病患者生命质量的荟萃分析

目的:掌握中国糖尿病患者生命质量研究进展,总结生命质量量表使用情况和评价结果。方法:采用主题词结合自由词原则的方法检索Pub Med、Embase和Econ Lit数据库中收集的相关文献,根据纳入标准筛选文献并提取数据。结果:本研究共计纳入13篇文献,涉及8种糖尿病特异性生命质量量表和3种普适性量表,其中DSQL和DMQLS量表为针对中国糖尿病患者研制的特异性量表。量表性能评价结果显示:大部分量表信度良好,DMQLS量表信度数据最高,但效度数据则严重缺乏;糖尿病患者的生命质量较一般人群差,相对其他维度,患者的心理维度得分显示受损更为严重。结论:DSQL和DMQLS量表值得进一步推广。根据现有研究,糖尿病患者的心理维度更容易受到严重受损,值得研究者和临床医师再加以关注。

Analysis on the Applicability of Meter Data Acquisition Methods Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process

The choice of meter data acquisition methods has important significance for the electric energy management. Based on the comprehensive analysis of several meter data acquisition methods, this paper assess the performance of each one by analytic hierarchy process. We can draw a conclusion by calculating＂ The local automatic meter reading, the prepaid electric energy metering and the remote automatic meter reading have almost the same performance. They are better than the manual meter reading and the vehicle mounted mobile automatic meter reading. So we can choose any one of the three. Among them, the prepaid electric energy metering performs best. This can be a reference for grid company＇ s decision.

居家环境适老化评估工具的系统评价

目的系统评价国内外居家环境适老化评估工具,为选择合适的居家环境适老化评估工具提供依据。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库和维普数据库关于居家环境适老化评估工具的文献,检索时限为建库至2022年3月31日,采用"选择健康测量工具共识标准"(COSMIN)评价纳入文献中居家环境适老化评估工具的方法学质量。结果共纳入21篇文献,包括12种居家环境适老化评估工具。经COSMIN评定,居家跌倒与意外筛查工具(The Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool,HOME FAST)和居家环境致跌危险因素评估量表(Home Fall Hazards Assessments,HFHA)的信度评价等级较高,评价结果相对较好。结论居家环境适老化评估工具多数为他评问卷,且质量良莠不齐。未来有必要开发适合我国国情且信效度良好的居家环境适老化评估工具。

Parameterizing soil organic carbon's impacts on soil porosity and thermal parameters for Eastern Tibet grasslands

This study investigates the stratification of soil thermal properties induced by soil organic carbon (SOC) and its impacts on the parameterization of the thermal properties. Soil parameters were measured for alpine grassland stations and North China flux stations, with a total of 34 stations and 77 soil profiles. Measured data indicate that the topsoils of alpine grasslands contain high SOC contents than underlying soil layers, which leads to higher soil porosity values and lower thermal conductivity and bulk density values in the topsoils. However, this stratification is not evident at the lowland stations due to low SOC contents. Evaluations against measured data show that three thermal conductivity schemes used in land surface models severely overestimate the values for soils with high SOC content (i.e. topsoils of alpine grassland), but they are better for soils with low SOC content. A new parameterization is then developed to take the impacts of SOC into account. The new one can well estimate the soil thermal conductivity values in both low and high SOC content cases, and therefore, it is a potential candidate of thermal conductivity scheme to be used in land surface models.

Ultrathin Ni(OH)2 layer coupling with graphene for fast electron/ion transport in supercapacitor

Integration of fast electrochemical double-layer capacitance and large pseudocapacitance is a practical way to improve the overall capability of supercapacitor,yet remains challenging.Herein,an effective cyanogel synthetic strategy was demonstrated to prepare ultrathin Ni(OH)2 nanosheets coupling with conductive reduced graphene oxide(rGO)(rGO-Ni(OH)2)at ambient condition.Ultrathin Ni(OH)2 nanosheet with 3–4 layers of edge-sharing octahedral MO6 maximally exposes the active surface of Faradic reaction and promotes the ion diffusion,while the conductive rGO sheet boosts the electron transport during the reaction.Even at 30 A g−1,the optimal sample can deliver a specific capacitance of 1119.52 F g−1,and maintain 82.3%after 2000 cycles,demonstrating much higher electrochemical capability than bare Ni(OH)2 nanosheets.A maximum specific energy of 44.3 W h kg^−1(148.5 W kg^−1)is obtained,when assembled in a two-electrode system rGO-Ni(OH)2//rGO.This study provides an insight into efficient construction of two dimensional hybrid electrodes with high performance for the new-generation energy storage system.

ZnO-PCBM bilayers as electron transport layers in low-temperature processed perovskite solar cells

We investigate an electron transport bilayer fabricated at 〈110℃ to form all low-temperature processed, thermally stable, efficient perovskite solar cells with negligible hysteresis. The components of the bilayer create a symbiosis that results in improved devices compared with either of the components being used in isolation. A sol-gel derived ZnO layer facilitates improved energy level alignment and enhanced charge carrier extraction and a [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester （PCBM） layer to reduce hysteresis and enhance perovskite thermal stability. The creation of a bilayer structure allows materials that are inherently unsuitable to be in contact with the perovskite active layer to be used in efficient devices through simple surface modification strategies.

Significant enhancement of UV emission in ZnO nanorods subject to Ga＋ ion beam irradiation

Applications of ZnO nanomaterials in optoelectronics are still limited due to their insufficient photoluminescence efficiency. In order to optimize the photoluminescence properties of ZnO nanorods, the UV emission of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods grown on a Si substrate, in correlation with Ga＋ ion irradiation at different ion energies （0.5 keV-16 keV）, was investigated in the present study. We found that the UV intensity increased rapidly with increasing Ga＋ ion energy, up to its maximum around 2 keV, at which point the intensity was approximately 50 times higher than that produced by as-grown ZnO nanorods. The gentle bombardment of low-energy Ga＋ ions removes defects from ZnO nanorod surfaces. The Ga＋ ions, on the other hand, implant into the nanorods, resulting in compressive strain. It is believed that the perfect arrangement of the crystal lattice upon removal of surface defects and the introduction of compressive strain are two factors that contribute to the significant enhancement of UV light generation.

Linear operators and positive semidefiniteness of symmetric tensor spaces

We study symmetric tensor spaces and cones arising from polynomial optimization and physical sciences.We prove a decomposition invariance theorem for linear operators over the symmetric tensor space,which leads to several other interesting properties in symmetric tensor spaces.We then consider the positive semidefiniteness of linear operators which deduces the convexity of the Frobenius norm function of a symmetric tensor.Furthermore,we characterize the symmetric positive semidefinite tensor(SDT)cone by employing the properties of linear operators,design some face structures of its dual cone,and analyze its relationship to many other tensor cones.In particular,we show that the cone is self-dual if and only if the polynomial is quadratic,give specific characterizations of tensors that are in the primal cone but not in the dual for higher order cases,and develop a complete relationship map among the tensor cones appeared in the literature.

PARTIAL REGULARITY FOR OPTIMAL DESIGN PROBLEMS INVOLVING BOTH BULK AND SURFACE ENERGIES

This paper studies a class of variational problems which involving both bulk and surfaceenergies. The bulk energy is of Dirichlet type though it can be in very general forms allowingunknowns to be scalar or vectors.The surface energy is an arbitrary elliptic parametric integralwhich is defined on a free interface. One also allows other constraints such as volumes of partitioning sets. One establishes the existence and regularity theory, in particular, the regularityof the free interface of such problems.