Infrastructure development is a key aspect of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).After measuring the infrastructure stocks of China and BRI countries,this paper estimates BRI countries’demand for infrastructure develo...Infrastructure development is a key aspect of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).After measuring the infrastructure stocks of China and BRI countries,this paper estimates BRI countries’demand for infrastructure development and verifies its economic growth effects,thus demonstrating the importance of the BRI.We found China’s infrastructure stock to be second-highest in the world,next only to that of the United States.While China’s infrastructure development is in sync with its economic development,inadequate infrastructure prevents many countries around the world from unlocking their full economic potential.By providing financing for much-needed infrastructure,the BRI exerts positive effects on economic growth in relevant countries.With a mandate of promoting infrastructure interconnectivity,the BRI will serve as a new driving force shaping a community of shared future for humankind.展开更多
Since the Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol was initiated,China and India have overwhelmingly led other developing countries regarding CDM projects development.A comparative study of the CDM in...Since the Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol was initiated,China and India have overwhelmingly led other developing countries regarding CDM projects development.A comparative study of the CDM in India and China is conducted as there are many similarities between both India and China with regard to the CDM implementation due to the fact that India is another major developing country with a large population and a potential source of GHG emissions rivaling China in the near future.Through examining the development of and legal issues for CDM projects in India,its experience and lessons regarding developing and managing CDM projects that China can critically learn are discussed.展开更多
Quantum cryptography and quantum search algorithm are considered as two important research topics in quantum information science.An asymmetrical quantum encryption protocol based on the properties of quantum one-way f...Quantum cryptography and quantum search algorithm are considered as two important research topics in quantum information science.An asymmetrical quantum encryption protocol based on the properties of quantum one-way function and quantum search algorithm is proposed.Depending on the no-cloning theorem and trapdoor one-way functions of the publickey,the eavesdropper cannot extract any private-information from the public-keys and the ciphertext.Introducing key-generation randomized logarithm to improve security of our proposed protocol,i.e.,one privatekey corresponds to an exponential number of public-keys.Using unitary operations and the single photon measurement,secret messages can be directly sent from the sender to the receiver.The security of the proposed protocol is proved that it is informationtheoretically secure.Furthermore,compared the symmetrical Quantum key distribution,the proposed protocol is not only efficient to reduce additional communication,but also easier to carry out in practice,because no entangled photons and complex operations are required.展开更多
The anchoring effect is a powerful and widespread cognitive phenomenon in the decision-making field.Our quantitative analysis of a sample of 520 sentences indicates that the sentencing recommendation of the public pro...The anchoring effect is a powerful and widespread cognitive phenomenon in the decision-making field.Our quantitative analysis of a sample of 520 sentences indicates that the sentencing recommendation of the public procuratorate has a marked influence upon the court＇s sentencing judgment.That is,whether we are investigating the freedom penalty,the fine penalty or the term of probation imposed by the judge,we find that the anchoring effect does exist.In addition,a change in the court conviction or in the trial sentencing circumstances and the availability of a defense lawyer may weaken the anchoring effect of the procuratorate＇s sentencing recommendations.As a form of cognitive bias,the presence of the anchoring effect in the area of sentencing further highlights the necessity of applying analyses based on legal realism to the field of criminal justice in China;and at the institutional level,it demands that judges adopt corresponding arrangements to ensure the impartial exercise of discretion.展开更多
文摘Infrastructure development is a key aspect of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).After measuring the infrastructure stocks of China and BRI countries,this paper estimates BRI countries’demand for infrastructure development and verifies its economic growth effects,thus demonstrating the importance of the BRI.We found China’s infrastructure stock to be second-highest in the world,next only to that of the United States.While China’s infrastructure development is in sync with its economic development,inadequate infrastructure prevents many countries around the world from unlocking their full economic potential.By providing financing for much-needed infrastructure,the BRI exerts positive effects on economic growth in relevant countries.With a mandate of promoting infrastructure interconnectivity,the BRI will serve as a new driving force shaping a community of shared future for humankind.
基金supported by the MOE (Ministry of Education in China) Project of Humanities and Social Sciences (Project No.11YJC820045)
文摘Since the Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol was initiated,China and India have overwhelmingly led other developing countries regarding CDM projects development.A comparative study of the CDM in India and China is conducted as there are many similarities between both India and China with regard to the CDM implementation due to the fact that India is another major developing country with a large population and a potential source of GHG emissions rivaling China in the near future.Through examining the development of and legal issues for CDM projects in India,its experience and lessons regarding developing and managing CDM projects that China can critically learn are discussed.
基金This work was supported in part by the program for Innovation Team Building at Institutions of Higher Education in Chongqing under Grant No.KJTD201310，the Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission of China under Grant KJ120513，Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC of P.R.China under Grant No.cstc2011jjA40031
文摘Quantum cryptography and quantum search algorithm are considered as two important research topics in quantum information science.An asymmetrical quantum encryption protocol based on the properties of quantum one-way function and quantum search algorithm is proposed.Depending on the no-cloning theorem and trapdoor one-way functions of the publickey,the eavesdropper cannot extract any private-information from the public-keys and the ciphertext.Introducing key-generation randomized logarithm to improve security of our proposed protocol,i.e.,one privatekey corresponds to an exponential number of public-keys.Using unitary operations and the single photon measurement,secret messages can be directly sent from the sender to the receiver.The security of the proposed protocol is proved that it is informationtheoretically secure.Furthermore,compared the symmetrical Quantum key distribution,the proposed protocol is not only efficient to reduce additional communication,but also easier to carry out in practice,because no entangled photons and complex operations are required.
基金Supported by the Philosophy and Social Sciences Foundation of Shanghai(No.:2017BFX001)Shanghai’s Outstanding Young Talents Projects
文摘The anchoring effect is a powerful and widespread cognitive phenomenon in the decision-making field.Our quantitative analysis of a sample of 520 sentences indicates that the sentencing recommendation of the public procuratorate has a marked influence upon the court＇s sentencing judgment.That is,whether we are investigating the freedom penalty,the fine penalty or the term of probation imposed by the judge,we find that the anchoring effect does exist.In addition,a change in the court conviction or in the trial sentencing circumstances and the availability of a defense lawyer may weaken the anchoring effect of the procuratorate＇s sentencing recommendations.As a form of cognitive bias,the presence of the anchoring effect in the area of sentencing further highlights the necessity of applying analyses based on legal realism to the field of criminal justice in China;and at the institutional level,it demands that judges adopt corresponding arrangements to ensure the impartial exercise of discretion.
