关于多主题丛书分散归类之我见——与金国成老师商榷

贵刊2003年第6期刊登了金国成老师的《关于多主题丛书集中归类之我见》一文。笔者经验尚浅，但在工作中也积累了一些想法，本着解决问题的愿望，写出此文，诚与金国成老师商榷。

Ectomycorrhizal Fungus-Induced Changes of Cu and Cd Speciation in the Rhizosphere of Chinese Pine Seedlings

To understand the role of ectomycorrhizas in improving the tolerance of its host to excessive heavy metals in soil, this study was conducted to exam the patterns of four fractions (the exchangeable, the carbonate-bound, the Fe-Mn oxide- bound and the organically bound) of both Cu and Cd in the rhizosphere of Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) seedlings grown in excessive Cu and Cd environment. The results showed that the speciation of Cu and Cd in the rhizosphere was significantly influenced by inoculation of ectomycorrhizal fungus Boletus edulis. Compared to the rhizosphere, the content of exchangeable Cu slightly decreased in the mycorrhizosphere of the seedlings grown in 166 and 400 mg kg-1 Cu contaminated soil, whereas the exchangeable Cd in the mycorrhizosphere decreased remarkably to only 33% and to 60% that of the rhizosphere at 0.75 and 1.50 mg kg-1 Cd levels, respectively. These indicate the potential capacity of mycorrhizas to alleviate the damage of heavy metals to the host plants by reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. Distribution of the 4 tested fractions of Cu and Cd at different contamination levels showed that there was a strong tendency of changing from loosely associated fractions to strongly associated fractions in the mycorrhizosphere. The most stable Cd fraction, organically bound Cd, was significantly larger in the mycorrhizosphere than in the rhizosphere at different Cd contamination levels. This phenomenon was also observed for Cu but the difference was not statistically significant.

The Cost of Financial Stability in Times of Crisis： The Case of Bulgaria

The global economic turmoil from 2008 inflicted permanent damage to EU economies and its impact is still strong. To address the problems and cope with the crisis, governments were forced to conduct anti-cyclical policies in different forms. In most countries, this resulted in a widening budget deficit and mounting government debt. Then, a raft of measures to deal with fiscal instability followed, which, however, restricted growth and had high economic and social costs. Bulgaria was among the EU Member States that turned fiscal discipline into a priority and was one of the few to manage, at least seemingly, to achieve satisfying results. The benefits that the country reaped are indisputable but the price it had to pay was too high. Many private sector companies faced insolvency, unemployment hit record highs, and important structural reforms were delayed.

Motivations and performance of public to private transactions： An international study

This article deals with the motivations and the different sources of value from public to private transactions in Europe, USA and Asia from 2000 to 2007. We determine eight main motivations （tax savings, incentive realignment, control, free cash flow, growth of prospects, transaction costs, takeover defence and undervaluation）. Then, we evaluate the shareholder wealth by measuring the offered premiums and the CAAR （cumulative average abnormal return）. Finally, we analyse the impact of public to private to the wealth shareholder. The main sources for firms from going private are incentive realignment, free cash flow （mostly for Asia）, the economy of cost transaction and undervaluation. Furthermore, taxation benefit is a source of wealth effects for Asia and family blockholder （for the control hypothesis） is significant for Europe. Premiums and CAAR are the most important for the USA and Asia. The main observation that we have made is that Asia gets the same behavior as the USA.

Chinese Patent, A Tentative Explanation of Various Strategies of Patenting

The recent increase in patent granted in China prompts for an analysis of the various strategies which are certainly developed by Chinese applicants in that field. An analysis （APA Automatic Patent Analysis） has been done in several fields which have different impacts on the Chinese economy. We chose four different subjects： solar panels; photovoltaic panels; fireworks; and honeysuckle. These areas go from deep international concern to only Chinese interest. We analyzed in the different ratios between Chinese priority patents, Chinese patents extended to other countries, Patent extended from other countries to China and Chinese utility models. The results show clearly that various directions are followed depending on the economic importance of the field and also the pressure of the competition inside and outside China. In this context the strategic dependence （number of patents extended to China by other countries） was examined for each of the fields. We also show that in the domain where the man power is important such as fireworks the number of utility models is important. This suggests that utility models are used to spread in that field minor innovations. In the fields such as honeysuckle many applicants are the same that the inventors and the involvement of universities larger than in other fields. These two fields more or less centered on Chinese domestic aspects only a few patents （not for Honeysuckle） are extended to other countries. The impact of foreign patents in these two fields is quasi nil. In other domains such as photovoltaic panel the triadic patents （extension to US JP EP） are examined its show that if some Chinese patents are extended to other countries there are also an important numbers of foreign patents extended to China. This also suggests that in these most critical subjects, China develops a sort of technological protection barrier from domestic patents. This underlines a strategy on attack and defense in that field.

A step metallogenetic model for gold deposits in the northwestern Shandong Peninsula, China

Based on our study of the nature and variation of mineralization-controlling faults in their deep extension and the spatial distribution of gold orebodies in the northwestern Shandong Peninsula (NSP), here we propose that the gold deposits in the Jiaojia gold belt are controlled by listric faults and the gold deposits in the NSP are controlled by extensional fault system. We also suggest that there is a multiple mineralization space in the deep part of the NSP gold belt. As steps or benches occur along the deep extention of the listric fault where its dipping angle changes from steep to gentle, a number of gold deposits are correspondingly distributed as a steplike pattern, which is named as a step metallogenetic model for gold deposits in the NSP. The gold deposits in Shandong Peninsula were formed in the Cretaceous when the crust in the region experienced extention and thinning following the strong collision between North China Plate and Yangtze Plate during the Triassic. Crust anataxis, fluid remobilization, and extention-detachement of the crust are the leading factors for the gold mineralization.

A Research on Path Optimization for Business Structure of Chinese Investment Banks

Chinese investment banks, as a part of the financial market, play an important role in the development of the national economy. With the development of financial market after China＇s entry into WTO, the investment banks confront with immensely international competition. Meanwhile, Chinese investment banks are facing with problems such as elementary business structure, small capitalization and faultiness of governance, which lead to their less competitive power. This article conducts research from the perspective of path optimization of business structure of investment banks. Through economic analysis of path optimization of business structure, we conclude path optimization of business structure of domestic investment banks will lay a solid foundation for enhancing their competitive power. Whereafter this article constructs optimized path for business structure of Chinese investment banks and analyzes the influence factors of the optimized path. At last, this article advises on how to enhance the business structure of Chinese investment banks.