学富五车 才技了得——访中国金属史、中国铸造史著名学者田长浒教授

2013年12月15日，记者专程从北京赶到成都，慕名拜访了在研究我国金属技术史和我国铸造史方面有独到建树的著名学者田长浒教授。记者此行肩负协会领导交办的两个重要“使命”：其一，由于田长浒教授被提名为“铸造行业终身成就奖”候选人，为深入获取其有关业绩资料，决定通过专访面谈方式，更多、更直接地了解田教授的不凡经历及突出作为，独到观点和人生历程闪光点，进而通过业界传媒进行大力宣传。

上下求索探青铜之路兼容并蓄架沟通之桥--梅建军教授访谈录

陈坤龙(以下简称“陈”):梅老师,您好!万辅彬老师嘱咐我给您做一期访谈,我欣然领命.我想我们还是从“规定动作”开始,先请您讲一讲您的求学、治学之路吧.梅建军(以下简称“梅”):是啊,万老师一直热心致力于在《广西民族大学学报》上推出科技史学者访谈这一栏目,十几年如一日,兢兢业业,还曾选出一些访谈录汇编成《史家新语》一书,为推进我国的科技史研究事业做出了很大贡献.早在2014年,当我刚刚就任李约瑟研究所所长时,万老师就曾邀请我做访谈,我当时就对他说,过几年吧,到时候我应该会有感而发.

风雨同歌 玉汝于成

安徽铜陵有色铜山矿业公司在56年风雨洗礼中,历经辉煌、曲折和阵痛,再到基业长青,并在中国有色金属史上留下浓墨重彩的篇章,以过人胆识和智慧光芒一次次擦亮中国古铜都铜陵这张厚重的名片。

Liquid−liquid structure transition in metallic melt and its impact on solidification:A review

Understanding the nature of liquid structures and properties has always been a hot field in condensed matter physics and metallic materials science.The liquid is not homogeneous and the local structures inside change discontinuously with temperature,pressure,etc.The liquid will experience liquid−liquid structure transition under a certain condition.Liquid−liquid structure transition widely exists in many metals and alloys and plays an important role in the final microstructure and the properties of the solid alloys.This work provides a comprehensive review on this unique structure transition in the metallic liquid together with the recent progress of its impact on the following microstructure and properties after solidification.These effects are discussed by integrating them into different experimental results and theoretical considerations.The application of liquid−liquid structure transition as a strategy to tailor the properties of metals and alloys is proven to be practical and efficient.

＂Societa Nazionale Officine di Savigliano＂： The History through Case Studies

Societa Nazionale Officine di Savigliano was a company specialized in railway constructions, metallic bridges and mechanical and electrical constructions. Between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the company became well known in Europe especially for metallic constructions, having built the majority of metal bridges in the north of Italy such as the famous Paderno bridge （1887-1889）, one of the biggest arch bridge for the period. In the 1930s, the company built some interesting examples of steel frame buildings, applying the electrical welding technique, acquired in industrial constructions, to civil buildings. The steel frame was quite rare in Italian buildings, especially in the matter of civil constructions and Savigliano made an effort in modernizing the Italian construction system, through research and innovation. The paper will discuss some examples of Savigliano＇s works dating back to 1930, and in particular, it will present a specific example never studied before： the hangar at the Elmas military airport, in Cagliari （Sardinia）. The building is worth mentioning for the innovations experimented, as the new welding technique allowed a series of improvements in the construction process.

Modelling and simulation of contact force in cold rotary forging

Cold rotary forging is an advanced and complex metal forming technology with continuous local plastic deformation.Investigating the contact force between the dies and the workpiece has a great significance to improve the life of the dies in cold rotary forging.The purpose of this work is to reveal the contact force responses in cold rotary forging through the modelling and simulation.For this purpose,a 3D elastic-plastic dynamic explicit FE model of cold rotary forging is developed using the FE code ABAQUS/Explicit.Through the modelling and simulation,the distribution and evolution of the contact force in cold rotary forging is investigated in detail.The experiment has been conducted and the validity of the 3D FE model of cold rotary forging has been verified.The results show that: 1) The contact force distribution is complex and exhibits an obvious non-uniform characteristic in the radial and circumferential directions; 2) The maximum contact force between the upper die and the workpiece is much larger than that between the lower die and the workpiece; 3) The contact force evolution history is periodic and every period experiences three different stages; 4) The total normal contact force is much larger than the total shear contact force at any given time.

Investigation of Metal Wired Coloured Historical Textile Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and HPLC-DAD

SEM-EDS （scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry） and HPLC （high performance liquid chromatography） with DAD （diode array detection） were used to examine metal-wrapped coloured textiles. The sample was provided from Azerbaijan History Museum. Material included silk and thin wire. SEM micrographs showed that the metal strip had 250μm width and 6 9m thickness. SEM-EDS results indicated elemental composition of the wrapping： the presence of gold, silver as the components of the gilt metals. Furthermore, sulphur and chlorine were determined as contaminants. EDS analysis also revealed that both sides were gildered. Colouring compounds in the same sample were identified by HPLC-DAD. The major colouring compound found in the red fibre sample in large quantity was carminic acid and fuchsin components. The presence of fuchsin, which is a synthetic dye, dates the sample between the end of 19th and beginning of 20th century. Fisetin, which is a natural dye, was detected in the yellow fibre.

The oceanic cycles of the transition metals and their isotopes

The stable isotope systems of the transition metals potentially provide constraints on the current and past operation of the biological pump,and on the state of ocean redox in Earth history.Here we focus on two exemplar metals,nickel(Ni)and zinc(Zn).The oceanic dissolved pool of both elements is isotopically heavier than the known inputs,implying an output with light isotope compositions.The modern oceanic cycle of both these elements is dominated by biological uptake into photosynthesised organic matter and output to sediment.It is increasingly clear,however,that such uptake is associated with only very minor isotope fractionation.We suggest that the isotopic balance is instead closed by the sequestration of light isotopes to sulphide in anoxic and organic-rich sediments,so that it is ocean chemistry that controls these isotope systems,and suggesting a different but equally interesting array of questions in Earth history that can be addressed with these systems.

“模范·中国：商周青铜器的技法，形制和纹样”展

商周青铜器形制独特，纹饰华美，工艺精港，在世界金属史上别其一格，被认为是中国古代文明的象征。

Numerical study of thermal history in laser aided direct metal deposition process

Temperature evolution in the laser aided direct metal deposition (LADMD) process has considerable influence on the micro-structure and properties of the final part. A 3D transient finite element model was developed to study the temperature evolution during the multilayer LADMD process. To make the property analysis from thermal history easier, a critical temperature specific to thermal history was defined and the distribution of it in the part was also discussed. The simulation results indicated that the critical temperature can make the property analysis from thermal history easier. Thermal history of all the deposited materials was similar. It was also concluded that process parameters needed to be time-varying according to the real-time temperature field during the process.