金属改性生物炭基催化剂催化生物质热解制备生物基芳烃

为了提高芳烃的产率,提高生物油的品质,该研究采用金属改性的生物质来源的活性炭为催化剂,催化生物质热解二维气相重整制备芳烃,探讨了金属的种类(Al、Cu、Zn、Ni)以及金属的负载量(1%、5%、10%)对热解产品的产率以及选择性的影响,同时采用X-射线衍射仪、比表面积和孔径分布仪、化学吸附仪、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱和元素分析等对催化剂进行表征,结果表明:金属改性有效提高了催化剂的活性位点以及酸性,进而通过电子转移和电荷转移相互作用促进脱甲氧基和脱氧反应生成碳氢化合物,不同金属产生的最大碳氢化合物质量分数为:10%Ni/AC催化剂产生的最高为73.78%,其次为5%Zn/AC催化剂,达到了55.14%,10%Cu/AC和5%Al/AC催化剂产生的最少,分别为42.53%和40.75%。高Lewis酸含量的Al促进了烯烃和酚类化合物的生成,低酸性的Cu促进了焦炭含量增加,而高Bronsted酸含量的Zn和Ni促进了单环芳烃的生成,使苯及其同系物、苯酚、烷基酚的选择性增加,脱氧和脱甲氧基效果显著,当Ni的负载量达到10%时,其生成的碳氢化合物的成分占比最高为73.78%,芳烃化合物的成分占比达到67.54%,苯的选择性达到了52.15%,有效提高了生物油的品质。

有氧气氛中碱金属改性CuAl复合氧化物催化分解N_2O的活性(英文)

合成了Cu/Al原子比分别为2.0、3.1、4.1的CuAl类水滑石样品,焙烧得到CuAl复合氧化物。在Cu/Al原子比为3.1的CuAl氧化物表面浸渍碱金属盐溶液,制备改性CuAl复合氧化物,用AES、XRD、FT-IR、BET、H2-TPR、XPS等技术对催化剂进行了结构表征,考察了CuAl复合氧化物组成、碱金属助剂类型和K的前驱物对改性催化剂在有氧气氛中催化分解N2O活性的影响。结果表明,Na、K、Cs改性CuAl复合氧化物均提高了催化剂活性,但K助剂的增强效应最显著;钾的不同前驱物改性CuAl复合氧化物的催化活性有显著差异,加入碳酸钾、草酸钾提高了催化剂的活性,而加入醋酸钾、硝酸钾反而降低了催化剂活性。优化出的K改性CuAl复合氧化物催化剂在含氧含水气氛的N2O分解反应中表现出了较高的活性。

异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚(5)的制备及研究

针对国内环保型非离子表面活性剂异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚(5)工业品分子量分布宽、气味差的问题,提出了一种以金属改性催化剂制备分子量窄分布、低气味异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚(5)的工业生产路线,并对催化剂金属负载量、催化剂用量、反应温度、催化剂寿命等进行了研究,在催化剂金属负载量为:Ca 4.0%、Mg 3.0%、Zn 2.5%,催化剂用量1.5%,反应温度160℃的优化条件下,可制备出分子量分布在1.143~1.148,异十三醇残留在0.40%以下的产品。产品与进口同类产品有更低表面张力,更适用于下游应用市场的发展。

ZnO/SiO_2-modified rare-earth-metal ternary catalyst bearing quaternary ammonium salts for synthesis of high molecular weight poly (propylene carbonate)

A modified rare-earth-metal catalyst system combined with quaternary ammonium salts（QASs） as cocatalysts was investigated in the alternating copolymerization of CO_2/propylene oxide（PO） to produce poly（propylene carbonate）（PPC）. In the presence of ZnO/SiO_2, the ZnEt_2-glycerine-Y（CCl_3OO）_3 catalyst presented higher activity for CO_2/PO copolymerization, as well as a higher molecular weight of polycarbonate, while maintaining the high carbonate content originating from the neat ZnEt_2-glycerine-Y（CCl_3OO）_3 catalyst. In the presence of QASs bearing different halide anions（F., Cl., and Br.）, the type of the halide anion had a strong influence on the activity of the catalyst for CO_2/PO alternating copolymerization. Only tetramethylammonium fluoride（TMAF） could promote the alternating copolymerization without increasing the by-product. Combined the ZnO/SiO_2 catalyst and TMAF, the catalytic activity for CO_2/PO polymerization increased dramatically compared to the basic ternary catalyst system. The improved catalyst system produced a polymer with a high carbonate unit level equivalent to that of the polycarbonate produced by the basic ZnEt_2-glycerine-Y（CCl_3OO）_3 catalyst system.

Rare earth metals modified Ni-S2O8^2-/ZrO2-Al2O3 catalysts for n-pentane isomerization

The effects of adding rare earth(RE) metals,such as Ce,Yb and Pr to Ni-S_2O_8^(2-)/ZrO_2-Al_2O_3(Ni-SZA) on the structure of catalysts as well as their isomerization performance were studied.The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD,BET,FT-IR,Py-IR,and H_2-TPR,The results showed that the addition of RE metals can increase the strength and amounts of the acid sites,improve the redox properties of catalysts.The Yb-Ni-SZA catalyst showed the best redox properties,which could provide enough metallic sites.In addition,it provided the largest amounts of weak and moderately strong acid sites.Among RE metals modified Ni-SZA catalyst,Yb-Ni-SZA exhibited the highest isopentane yield of 61.7%at 160 °C.The optimum isomerization catalytic performance of the catalysts decreased in the order of Yb-Ni-SZA > Pr-Ni-SZA > Ni-SZA > Ce-Ni-SZA.