The chemical and biological mechanisms of life processes mostly consist of multistep and programmed processes at nanoscale levels. Interestingly enough, cell, the basic functional unit and platform that maintains life...The chemical and biological mechanisms of life processes mostly consist of multistep and programmed processes at nanoscale levels. Interestingly enough, cell, the basic functional unit and platform that maintains life processes, is composed of various organelles fulfilling sophisticated functions through the precise control on the biomolecules （e.g., proteins, phospholipid, nucleic acid and ions） in a spatial dimension of nanoscale sizes. Thus, understanding of the activities of manufactured nanoscale materials including their interaction with biological sys- tems is of great significance in chemistry, materials sci- ence, life science, medicine, environmental science and toxicology. In this brief review, we summarized the recent advances in nanotoxicological chemistry through the dis- section of pivotal factors （primarily focusing on dose and nanosurface chemistry） in determining nanomaterial- induced biological/toxic responses with particular empha- sis on the nanomaterial bioaccumulation （and interaction organs or target organs） at intact animal level. Due to the volume of manufacture and material application, we deliberately discussed carbon nanotubes, metal/metal oxide nanomaterials and quantum dots, severing as representativematerial types to illustrate the impact of dose and nanosurface chemistry in these toxicological scenarios. Finally, we have also delineated the grand challenges in this field in a conceptual framework of nanotoxicological chemistry. It is noted that this review is a part of our persistent endeavor of building the systematic knowledge framework for toxicological properties of engineered nanomaterials.展开更多
Aligned carbon nanotube films coated with amorphous carbon were developed into novel templates by atomic layer deposition. Freestanding macroscopic metal-oxide nanotube films were then successfully synthesized by usin...Aligned carbon nanotube films coated with amorphous carbon were developed into novel templates by atomic layer deposition. Freestanding macroscopic metal-oxide nanotube films were then successfully synthesized by using these templates. The reactive amorphous carbon layer greatly improved the nuclei density, which ensured the high quality of the films and allowed for precise control of the wall thickness of the nanotubes. Using template-synthesized alumina nanotube films, we demonstrate a humidity sensor with a high response speed, a transmission electron microscopy （TEM） grid, and a catalyst support. The cross- stacked assembly, ultrathin thickness, chemical inertness, and high thermal stability of the alumina nanotube films contributed to the excellent performance of these devices. In addition, it is expected that the metal-oxide nanotube films would have significant potential owing to their material richness, macroscopic appearance, flexibility, compatibility with the semiconducting technologies, and the feasibility of mass production.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11305182,21277037,21320102003)the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB933403)
文摘The chemical and biological mechanisms of life processes mostly consist of multistep and programmed processes at nanoscale levels. Interestingly enough, cell, the basic functional unit and platform that maintains life processes, is composed of various organelles fulfilling sophisticated functions through the precise control on the biomolecules （e.g., proteins, phospholipid, nucleic acid and ions） in a spatial dimension of nanoscale sizes. Thus, understanding of the activities of manufactured nanoscale materials including their interaction with biological sys- tems is of great significance in chemistry, materials sci- ence, life science, medicine, environmental science and toxicology. In this brief review, we summarized the recent advances in nanotoxicological chemistry through the dis- section of pivotal factors （primarily focusing on dose and nanosurface chemistry） in determining nanomaterial- induced biological/toxic responses with particular empha- sis on the nanomaterial bioaccumulation （and interaction organs or target organs） at intact animal level. Due to the volume of manufacture and material application, we deliberately discussed carbon nanotubes, metal/metal oxide nanomaterials and quantum dots, severing as representativematerial types to illustrate the impact of dose and nanosurface chemistry in these toxicological scenarios. Finally, we have also delineated the grand challenges in this field in a conceptual framework of nanotoxicological chemistry. It is noted that this review is a part of our persistent endeavor of building the systematic knowledge framework for toxicological properties of engineered nanomaterials.
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2012CB932301）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 51472142, 51102147, and 51102144）, and the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation （Nos. 2014M550701 and 2012M520261）.
文摘Aligned carbon nanotube films coated with amorphous carbon were developed into novel templates by atomic layer deposition. Freestanding macroscopic metal-oxide nanotube films were then successfully synthesized by using these templates. The reactive amorphous carbon layer greatly improved the nuclei density, which ensured the high quality of the films and allowed for precise control of the wall thickness of the nanotubes. Using template-synthesized alumina nanotube films, we demonstrate a humidity sensor with a high response speed, a transmission electron microscopy （TEM） grid, and a catalyst support. The cross- stacked assembly, ultrathin thickness, chemical inertness, and high thermal stability of the alumina nanotube films contributed to the excellent performance of these devices. In addition, it is expected that the metal-oxide nanotube films would have significant potential owing to their material richness, macroscopic appearance, flexibility, compatibility with the semiconducting technologies, and the feasibility of mass production.
