In order to investigate the coolability of a tight lattice core in BWR （boiling water reactors）, an experiment of CHF （critical heat flux） was conducted using a single heater pin flow channel with and without a wi...In order to investigate the coolability of a tight lattice core in BWR （boiling water reactors）, an experiment of CHF （critical heat flux） was conducted using a single heater pin flow channel with and without a wire spacer with the mass flux ranged from 200 kg/（m2.s） to 600 kg/（m2·s）, the inlet temperature from 50 ℃ to 90 ℃ at the pressure of 0.1 MPa. The results of CHF values were compared between two different types of heater pin with and without the wire spacer. The heat removability of flow channel was improved by the wire spacer in comparison with the heater pin flow channel without the wire spacer. The CHF value was higher in the heater pin channel with the wire spacer than in that without the wire spacer.展开更多
In this paper, we report on the comprehensive alcohol-/ion-responsive properties of a smart copolymer poly（N- isopropylacry]amide-co-benzo-18-crown-6-acrylamide） （P（NIPAM-co-BCAm））. The orthogonal design method ...In this paper, we report on the comprehensive alcohol-/ion-responsive properties of a smart copolymer poly（N- isopropylacry]amide-co-benzo-18-crown-6-acrylamide） （P（NIPAM-co-BCAm））. The orthogonal design method is adopted for experimental design. The experimental results show that alcohol can trigger the shrinking and Ba2t can induce the swelling of the P（NIPAM-co-BCAm） copolymer. According to the phase transition tempera- ture （LCST） change results of the copolymer, the influence of variables on the LCST changes weakens in the following order： alcohol concentration 〉 alcohol species 〉 metal ion species 〉 BCAm concentration 〉 ion concentration. The larger the alcohol concentration and the larger the molecular size of alcohols, the lower the LCST value; on the contrary, the more the BCAm content in the copolymer or the larger the BCAm/ion complex stability constant （IgK） or the larger the ion concentration is, the higher the LCST value. For a P（NIPAM-co-BCAm ） copolymer with a fixed BCAm content, a binary function of ion concentration and IgK of BCAm/ion is developed to precisely predict the LCST values of the copolymer in different metal ion solutions. The results provide valuable information for fabricating artificial biomimetic G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium （GIRK） channels that are activated by alcohol and inhibited by Ba2＋.展开更多
文摘In order to investigate the coolability of a tight lattice core in BWR （boiling water reactors）, an experiment of CHF （critical heat flux） was conducted using a single heater pin flow channel with and without a wire spacer with the mass flux ranged from 200 kg/（m2.s） to 600 kg/（m2·s）, the inlet temperature from 50 ℃ to 90 ℃ at the pressure of 0.1 MPa. The results of CHF values were compared between two different types of heater pin with and without the wire spacer. The heat removability of flow channel was improved by the wire spacer in comparison with the heater pin flow channel without the wire spacer. The CHF value was higher in the heater pin channel with the wire spacer than in that without the wire spacer.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21136006)the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China(201163)the National High Technology Research and Development Program(2012AA021403)
文摘In this paper, we report on the comprehensive alcohol-/ion-responsive properties of a smart copolymer poly（N- isopropylacry]amide-co-benzo-18-crown-6-acrylamide） （P（NIPAM-co-BCAm））. The orthogonal design method is adopted for experimental design. The experimental results show that alcohol can trigger the shrinking and Ba2t can induce the swelling of the P（NIPAM-co-BCAm） copolymer. According to the phase transition tempera- ture （LCST） change results of the copolymer, the influence of variables on the LCST changes weakens in the following order： alcohol concentration 〉 alcohol species 〉 metal ion species 〉 BCAm concentration 〉 ion concentration. The larger the alcohol concentration and the larger the molecular size of alcohols, the lower the LCST value; on the contrary, the more the BCAm content in the copolymer or the larger the BCAm/ion complex stability constant （IgK） or the larger the ion concentration is, the higher the LCST value. For a P（NIPAM-co-BCAm ） copolymer with a fixed BCAm content, a binary function of ion concentration and IgK of BCAm/ion is developed to precisely predict the LCST values of the copolymer in different metal ion solutions. The results provide valuable information for fabricating artificial biomimetic G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium （GIRK） channels that are activated by alcohol and inhibited by Ba2＋.
