Accumulation and distributions of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were measured in tissues of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum collected from 5 sites in Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao,China.The c...Accumulation and distributions of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were measured in tissues of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum collected from 5 sites in Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao,China.The concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbon and PAHs ranged from 570 to 2 574 ng/gdw (gram dry weight) and from 276 to 939 ng/gdw,in the most and least polluted sites,respectively.The bio-accumulation of hydrocarbons and PAHs in the clams appeared to be selective.Aliphatic hydrocarbons were predominantly represented by short chain (<nC23) n-alkanes,suggesting that petroleum hydrocarbons were likely the major contamination source.The selective uptake of 3 and 4 ring PAHs,such as naphthalene,fluorene,phenanthrene,fluoranthene and pyrene,by the clams was probably related to the physiological and bio-kinetic processes that were energetically favorable for uptake of compounds with fewer rings.Accumulation of the metals Cd,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Hg,and As in the clam tissues also showed high variability,ranging from 0.043 to 87 μg/gdw.Among the 7 detected metals,Zn,Cd,Cu,and As had a particularly high potential of accumulation in R.philippinarum.In general,a positive correlation was found between the tissue concentrations and sediment concentrations of hydrocarbons and of some metals.Our study suggests that moderate contamination with polyaromatic hydrocarbons,and low to moderate contamination with metals,currently exists for clam R.philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay,in comparison with other regional studies.A long-term monitoring program is certainly needed for assessment of the potential ecological influence and toxicity of these contaminants of R.philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay.展开更多
Four short cores were obtained from the coastal wetland of the Quanzhou Bay,Fujian Province,China,and sediment samples were analyzed with a Mastersizer 2000 for grain size analysis and an Inductively Coupled Plasma At...Four short cores were obtained from the coastal wetland of the Quanzhou Bay,Fujian Province,China,and sediment samples were analyzed with a Mastersizer 2000 for grain size analysis and an Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer(ICP-AES) for trace metal analysis. The results of grain size analysis show that the wetland sediments are mainly composed of silt and clay,and the distribution of median grain size is affected by human activities obviously. The results of trace metal analysis show that the wetland sediments mainly originate from terrestrial materials in the Luoyangjiang River estuary and from contaminants discharged from adjacent rivers in Shuitou area. The heavy metal contamination in Luoyangjiang estuary decreased from 1984 to 2004 due to industry transformation,but has increased since 2004 because of the discharge of contaminants to the Jinjiang River and much living sewerage to the bay,and a large number of trace metals are trapped within Spartina alterniflora marsh.展开更多
The trends of distribution,translocation and seasonal change of heavy metal Pb were studied based on the surface and bottom water sampling in Jiaozhou Bay in 1979,and compared with those in 1990's.The results show...The trends of distribution,translocation and seasonal change of heavy metal Pb were studied based on the surface and bottom water sampling in Jiaozhou Bay in 1979,and compared with those in 1990's.The results showed that the source of Pb in the bay was from wastewater and sewage in the east of Jiaozhou Bay from ocean vessels.Pb concentration was higher in spring and lower in summer and autumn,and remained stable through sedimentation in the bottom layer.The overall water quality was good in 1970's.Compared with the environmental monitoring data of 1995-1999,Pb pollution had become serious.Therefore,more efforts should be made to protect the bay from Pb pollution.展开更多
Abstract Zinc （Zn） and copper （Cu） concentrations were determined in the tissues （muscle, stomach, liver, gills, skin, and gonads） of five commercial fish species （mullet Liza haematocheilus, flathead Platyceph...Abstract Zinc （Zn） and copper （Cu） concentrations were determined in the tissues （muscle, stomach, liver, gills, skin, and gonads） of five commercial fish species （mullet Liza haematocheilus, flathead Platycephalus indicus, mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius, silver pomfret Pampus argenteus, and sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus） from Laizhou Bay in the Bohai Sea. Metal bioaccumulation was highest in the metabolically active tissues of the gonads and liver. Bioconcentration factors for Zn were higher in all tissues （gonads 44.35, stomach 7.73, gills 7.72, liver 5.61, skin 4.88, and muscle 1.63） than the corresponding values for Cu （gonads 3.50, stomach 3.00, gills 1.60, liver 5.43, skin 1.50, and muscle 0.93）. Mackerel tissues accumulated metal to higher concentrations than did other fish species, but bioaccumulation levels were not significantly correlated with the trophic levels of the fish. Zn and Cu concentrations in the tissues were generally negatively correlated with fish length, except for a few tissues of sea bass. Risk assessment based on national and international permissible limits and provisional tolerances for weekly intake of Zn and Cu revealed that the concentrations of these two metals in muscle were relatively low and would not pose hazards to human health.展开更多
The California least tern （Sternula antillarum browni） is an endangered species. The two largest colonies of this bird species in the San Francisco Bay, California, USA, are located 23 km apart at Alameda Point and ...The California least tern （Sternula antillarum browni） is an endangered species. The two largest colonies of this bird species in the San Francisco Bay, California, USA, are located 23 km apart at Alameda Point and Hayward Regional Shoreline. The Alameda Point colony, on the former Naval Air Station, Alameda, has grown at an average rate of 9.2% per year since its discovery in 1976 and has a nesting density ranging from 1-153 nests per ha. Long-term breeding success at Alameda has averaged 0.86 fledglings per breeding pair. Least tems began appearing in 2003, at an island in Hayward enhanced with substrate mediums and social attraction devices. Successful breeding attempts have been observed at the Hayward colony since 2006. The Hayward colony has grown at an average rate of 51.5% per year, has a nesting density ranging from 33-333 nests per ha and long-term breeding success average of 0.87 fledglings per breeding pair. Dropped fish have been collected from both colonies, and silversides （family Atherinopsidae） are the dominant prey. Alameda terns forage on a greater variety of species than the Hayward terns. The regression results indicate the importance of Northern anchovy （Engraulis mordax） to the breeding success of the Alameda colony.展开更多
基金Supported by the research grant from Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.L70032316)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.40476038 and 40576039)
文摘Accumulation and distributions of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were measured in tissues of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum collected from 5 sites in Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao,China.The concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbon and PAHs ranged from 570 to 2 574 ng/gdw (gram dry weight) and from 276 to 939 ng/gdw,in the most and least polluted sites,respectively.The bio-accumulation of hydrocarbons and PAHs in the clams appeared to be selective.Aliphatic hydrocarbons were predominantly represented by short chain (<nC23) n-alkanes,suggesting that petroleum hydrocarbons were likely the major contamination source.The selective uptake of 3 and 4 ring PAHs,such as naphthalene,fluorene,phenanthrene,fluoranthene and pyrene,by the clams was probably related to the physiological and bio-kinetic processes that were energetically favorable for uptake of compounds with fewer rings.Accumulation of the metals Cd,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Hg,and As in the clam tissues also showed high variability,ranging from 0.043 to 87 μg/gdw.Among the 7 detected metals,Zn,Cd,Cu,and As had a particularly high potential of accumulation in R.philippinarum.In general,a positive correlation was found between the tissue concentrations and sediment concentrations of hydrocarbons and of some metals.Our study suggests that moderate contamination with polyaromatic hydrocarbons,and low to moderate contamination with metals,currently exists for clam R.philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay,in comparison with other regional studies.A long-term monitoring program is certainly needed for assessment of the potential ecological influence and toxicity of these contaminants of R.philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay.
基金Under the auspices of Science Foundation of Fujian Province (No. D0510025)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40606012)
文摘Four short cores were obtained from the coastal wetland of the Quanzhou Bay,Fujian Province,China,and sediment samples were analyzed with a Mastersizer 2000 for grain size analysis and an Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer(ICP-AES) for trace metal analysis. The results of grain size analysis show that the wetland sediments are mainly composed of silt and clay,and the distribution of median grain size is affected by human activities obviously. The results of trace metal analysis show that the wetland sediments mainly originate from terrestrial materials in the Luoyangjiang River estuary and from contaminants discharged from adjacent rivers in Shuitou area. The heavy metal contamination in Luoyangjiang estuary decreased from 1984 to 2004 due to industry transformation,but has increased since 2004 because of the discharge of contaminants to the Jinjiang River and much living sewerage to the bay,and a large number of trace metals are trapped within Spartina alterniflora marsh.
基金Funded by Key Laboratory of Marine Spill Oil Identification and Damage Assessment Technology, SOA, the Director’s Foundation of the Beihai Monitoring Center, the State Oceanic Administrationa Project of Chinese Academy of Science (KZCX 2-207)
文摘The trends of distribution,translocation and seasonal change of heavy metal Pb were studied based on the surface and bottom water sampling in Jiaozhou Bay in 1979,and compared with those in 1990's.The results showed that the source of Pb in the bay was from wastewater and sewage in the east of Jiaozhou Bay from ocean vessels.Pb concentration was higher in spring and lower in summer and autumn,and remained stable through sedimentation in the bottom layer.The overall water quality was good in 1970's.Compared with the environmental monitoring data of 1995-1999,Pb pollution had become serious.Therefore,more efforts should be made to protect the bay from Pb pollution.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Creative Research Group(No.41121064)the International or Regional Research Cooperation and Exchange Project(No.31061160187)
文摘Abstract Zinc （Zn） and copper （Cu） concentrations were determined in the tissues （muscle, stomach, liver, gills, skin, and gonads） of five commercial fish species （mullet Liza haematocheilus, flathead Platycephalus indicus, mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius, silver pomfret Pampus argenteus, and sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus） from Laizhou Bay in the Bohai Sea. Metal bioaccumulation was highest in the metabolically active tissues of the gonads and liver. Bioconcentration factors for Zn were higher in all tissues （gonads 44.35, stomach 7.73, gills 7.72, liver 5.61, skin 4.88, and muscle 1.63） than the corresponding values for Cu （gonads 3.50, stomach 3.00, gills 1.60, liver 5.43, skin 1.50, and muscle 0.93）. Mackerel tissues accumulated metal to higher concentrations than did other fish species, but bioaccumulation levels were not significantly correlated with the trophic levels of the fish. Zn and Cu concentrations in the tissues were generally negatively correlated with fish length, except for a few tissues of sea bass. Risk assessment based on national and international permissible limits and provisional tolerances for weekly intake of Zn and Cu revealed that the concentrations of these two metals in muscle were relatively low and would not pose hazards to human health.
文摘The California least tern （Sternula antillarum browni） is an endangered species. The two largest colonies of this bird species in the San Francisco Bay, California, USA, are located 23 km apart at Alameda Point and Hayward Regional Shoreline. The Alameda Point colony, on the former Naval Air Station, Alameda, has grown at an average rate of 9.2% per year since its discovery in 1976 and has a nesting density ranging from 1-153 nests per ha. Long-term breeding success at Alameda has averaged 0.86 fledglings per breeding pair. Least tems began appearing in 2003, at an island in Hayward enhanced with substrate mediums and social attraction devices. Successful breeding attempts have been observed at the Hayward colony since 2006. The Hayward colony has grown at an average rate of 51.5% per year, has a nesting density ranging from 33-333 nests per ha and long-term breeding success average of 0.87 fledglings per breeding pair. Dropped fish have been collected from both colonies, and silversides （family Atherinopsidae） are the dominant prey. Alameda terns forage on a greater variety of species than the Hayward terns. The regression results indicate the importance of Northern anchovy （Engraulis mordax） to the breeding success of the Alameda colony.
