金球化与俄罗斯

泰国《聚焦全球南方网》最近刊登了俄罗斯作家、激进主义者鲍里斯·卡尔加里茨基的文章《全球化与俄罗斯》。文章主要内容如下。

经济全球化的发展历程、存在问题及出路

本文在论述了经济全球化发展历程的基础上,指出了当前经济全球化存在的问题,有针对性地提出了出路和对策:积极为经济全球化顺利健康发展创造一个良好的国际环境;普惠共赢应成为经济全球化的发展方向;中国在推动经济全球化中应起积极的作用。

以马克思主义政治哲学眼光看待中国民用航空企业全球化战略

当今世界，国际关系、政治环境、生产方式也较传统经济发生了深刻变化。人类对于生存、环境、资源、国际政治、社会公平、竞争法则等哲学命题有着新的思考。为适应经济全球化的需要，国内外民用航空企业纷纷制订了全球化战略。那么这种全球化战略能否用马克思主义政治哲学思维中寻找到支撑点，未来的发展前景将如何判断，又将采取什么样的策略呢，本文在此作一粗浅的探讨。

渐进式推进我国资本账户完全可兑换

资本账户开放始终是一把"双刃剑"。一国是否开放资本账户,关键要看其能否促进本国金融的发展,进而促进本国经济增长。为此,要在资本账户开放过程中,坚持八大原则,协调好资本账户开放与汇率、国内各项制度和改革的关系,把握好时机、节奏和政策搭配,避免金融危机并将国际资源纳入本国经济发展需求。与此同时,还要把握好推进我国资本账户开放的重点。

Dynamic globularization kinetics during hot working of TA15 titanium alloy with colony microstructure

The dynamic globularization kinetics of TA15（Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V） titanium alloy with a colony α microstructure during deformation at temperature range of 860-940 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s-1 was quantitatively studied through isothermal compression tests.It is found that the dynamic globularization kinetics and the kinetics rate of TA15 are sensitive to deformation parameters.The dynamic globularized fraction increases with increasing strain,temperature but decreasing strain rate.The variation of globularized fraction with strain approximately follows an Avrami type equation.Using the Avrami type equation,the initiation and completion strains for dynamic globularization of TA15 were predicted to be 0.34-0.59 and 3.40-6.80.The kinetics rate of dynamic globularization increases with strain at first,then decreases.The peak value of kinetics rate,which corresponds to 20%-33% globularization fraction,increases with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate.

Electrochemical properties of nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg-Y-Ni alloys applied to Ni-MH battery

The as-cast Mg2Ni-type Mg20–xYxNi10 (x=0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) electrode alloys were prepared by vacuum induction melting. Subsequently, the as-cast alloys were mechanically milled in a planetary-type ball mill. The analyses of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal that nanocrystalline and amorphous structure can be obtained by mechanical milling, and the amount of amorphous phase increases with milling time prolonging. The electrochemical measurements show that the discharge capacity of Y0 alloy increases with milling time prolonging, while that of the Y-substituted alloys has a maximum value in the same condition. The cycle stabilities of the alloys decrease with milling time prolonging. The effect of milling time on the electrochemical kinetics of the alloys is related to Y content. Whenx=0, the high rate discharge ability, diffusion coefficient of hydrogen atom, limiting current density and charge transfer rate all increase with milling time prolonging, but the results are exactly opposite whenx=3.

Microstructural stability of long term aging treated Ti-22Al-26Nb-1Zr orthorhombic titanium aluminide

The microstructure development of lamellar structure of an orthorhombic Ti2AlNb-based Ti？22Al？26Nb？1Zr alloy, includingB2 decomposition and spheroidization ofO phase, was investigated. The results show that the lamellar structure is fabricated by heating the samples in the singleB2 phase field and cooling slowly in the furnace. Aging treatments are conducted in the （O＋B2） phases field by air cooling. After aging at 700 °C for a short time within 100 h, there is no significant change of microstructures, whereas the coarsening of lamellae is observed in the long-term aged microstructure. Ti？22Al？26Nb？1Zr alloy exhibits microstructural instability including the severe dissolution ofB2 lamella, discontinuous precipitation and spheroidization of O phase during the long term aging process at 700 °C up to 800 h. In addition, a pronounced formation of branch-shapedO phase lamella is observed for the alloy aged over 100 h.

Influence of Soil Geochemistry to the Quality of Winter Jujube in Zhanhua

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of soil geochemistry on the quality of winter jujube.[Method]Based on the data of ecological geochemical survey in lower Yellow River Basin,the relevance of the geochemistry environment in top soils and the quality of winter jujubes was analyzed.[Result]Cd,Ni and other heavy metals in the soil more obviously affected the nutrition of winter jujubes.[Conclusion]B,Mn,MgO,Cd,Zn,K2O and other elements in the root soil played an important role in the enrichment of Cr and Hg of winter jujube fruit.And the absorption of heavy metals in winter jujube root could be interfered by improving fertilization method,to reduce the enrichment of harmful elements in jujube fruit.

A new electromagnetic functional material composed of metallic hollow micro-spheres

This paper presents a new electromagnetic functional material developed byelectron-less nickel deposition technique, with a single hollow micro-sphere as the core templateand a thin nickel layer as the shell. The micrograph taken by a scanning electron microscope showsthe microstructures of the materials in detail. Scattering parameters of the waveguide sample holderfilled with the materials have been obtained over X band. The electromagnetic parameters computedfrom the measured S parameters show that the material with metallic hollow spheres has as highrelative permeability μ'_r as 19.0 with about 0.6 magnetic loss tangent over the whole bandwidth.Compared to the material with non-metallic spheres, the permeability μ'_r and the magnetic losstangent μ'_r increase greatly, while the permittivity remains lower than 1.8.

Petrogenesis of skarn in Shizhuyuan W-polymetallic deposit, southern Hunan,China:Constraints from petrology,mineralogy and geochemistry

Skarn is the main altered rock type and is of great importance to mineralization and ore-prospecting in the Shizhuyuan area of Hunan province, China. Its features of petrography, mineralogy and geochemistry were studied systematically. The results show that the skarn mainly consists of garnet skarn, secondary wollastonite-garnet skarn, tremolite-clinozoisite skarn, and few wolframine garnet skarn, idocrase-garnet skarn and wollastonite skarn with granoblastic texture, granular sheet crystalloblastic texture, and massive structure, disseminated structure, mesh-vein structure, comb structure, and banded structure. And, it is mainly composed of garnet, fluorite, chlorite, hornblende, epidote, tremolite, plagioclase, biotite, muscovite, plagioclase, quartz, idocrase, and calcite and so on. The chemical components mainly include SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO and CaO, and the trace elements and REEs consist of Li, Be, V, Co, Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Ce, Nd, Pb and Bi, etc. And, the obvious fractionation exists between LREE and HREE, and it shows typical features of Nanling ore-forming granite for W？Sn polymetallic deposit. Skarn is derived from the sedimentary rock, such as limestone, mudstone, argillaceous rock, and few pelitic strips. It is affected by both Shetianqiao formation strata and Qianlishan granite during the diagenesis, indicating a strong reduction environment. The occurrence of skarn, whose mutation site is favorable to the mineralization enrichment, is closely related to the mineralization and prospecting.

Microstructure characterization and hydrogen desorption behaviors of Mg-Al-H powders prepared by reactive milling in hydrogen

Microstructure and phase evolutions of Mg-A1 powders ball milled in hydrogen atmosphere were investigated. Both in Mg-3%A1 （mass fraction） and Mg-9%AI systems, fl-MgH2 phase was observed upon a short milling time of 4 h and its maximum content of-80% was reached after 32 h. Neither as-milled powders of the in the two systems contain Mgl7All2. However, heating the milled powders of Mg-9%AI powders to 350 ~C resulted in the precipitation of Mg17A112. DTA/TG analyses of those powders milled for 8-40 h showed that either well-developed peak doublets or shoulders were observed, which plausibly corresponded to the separate hydrogen desorption from different particle fractions offl-MgH2.

Static globularization and grain morphology evolution ofαandβphases during annealing of hot-rolled TC21 titanium alloy

A lamellar-structure TC21 titanium alloy was hot-rolled and subsequently annealed at 820,880 and 940℃ for 1 and 6 h,and the effects of annealing parameters on static globularization and morphology evolution of bothαandβphases were studied.The results show thatαglobularization process is sluggish due to the limited boundary splitting at 820℃.With increasing temperature to 880℃,the accelerated boundary splitting and termination migration promote theαglobularization.At 820 and 880℃,the static recovery(SRV)and recrystallization(SRX)induce the grain refinement of interlamellarβphase.However,the excessively high temperature of 940℃ results in the coarsening ofαgrains due to the assistance of Ostwald ripening,and produces coarseβgrains mainly due to the absence of SRX in interlamellarβphases.Conclusively,880℃ is an appropriate annealing temperature to produce a homogeneous microstructure in which globularizedαand refinedβgrains distribute homogeneously.

Flower-like 3D CuO microsphere acting as photocatalytic water oxidation catalyst

Flower-like 3D CuO microspheres were synthesized and used to photo-catalyze water oxidation under visible light.The structure of the CuO microspheres was characterized by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,infrared,powder X-ray diffraction,electron dispersive spectroscopy,Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）.This is the first time that a copper oxide was demonstrated as a photocatalytic water oxidation catalyst under near neutral conditions.The catalytic activity of CuO microspheres in borate buffer shows the best performance with O2 yield of 11.5%.No change in the surface properties of CuO before and after the photocatalytic reaction was seen by XPS,which showed good catalyst stability.A photocatalytic water oxidation reaction mechanism catalyzed by the CuO microspheres was proposed.

Microstructure evolution and its effect on flow stress of TC17 alloy during deformation in α+β two-phase region

The microstructure evolution and its effect on flow stress of TC17 alloy during deformation in the α+β two-phase region were investigated via microstructure characterization and isothermal compression tests. Results showed that the spheroidized rate of α phase at 820 and 850℃ slightly increased with increasing strain. With increasing deformation temperature, the spheroidized rate of α phase showed a slight increasing trend, but the volume fraction of α phase significantly decreased. The flow stress at 780 ℃ and 1 s^-1 decreased continuously and steady state condition was not achieved up to strain of 1.2 due to dislocation annihilation and α lamellae rotation. Under this condition, the dynamic spheroidization was retarded. At the deformation temperatures of 820 and 850℃, and a strain rate of 1 s^-1, a steady state flow stress was observed at strains above 0.8 due to the balance between work hardening and dynamic softening. The dynamic softening was attributed to the α lamellae rotation, dynamic recovery and a little spheroidization.

Effect of thermal-mechanical processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of duplex-phase Mg-8Li-3Al-0.4Y alloy

The effect of thermal-mechanical processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the duplex phase Mg-8Li-3Al-0.4Y alloy was investigated.The as-cast alloy was composed ofα-Mg,β-Li,AlLi,Al2Y and MgAlLi2phases.Annealing of the cold rolled alloy at350°C for60min was considered to be optimum.This caused full static recrystallization and spheroidization.A significantβ-Li loss occurred when the annealing time was increased to90min.The optimized annealing treatment produced the following values of the yield strength,ultimate strength and elongation:148MPa,184MPa and35%,respectively.The texture evolution of theα-phase and theβ-phase changed remarkably during thermal-mechanical processing.

Hydrogen storage performances of as-milled REMg_(11)Ni(RE=Y, Sm) alloys catalyzed by MoS_2

To compare the hydrogen storage performances of as-milled REMg11Ni-5MoS2(mass fraction)(RE=Y,Sm)alloys,which were catalyzed by MoS2,the corresponding alloys were prepared.The hydrogen storage performaces of these alloys were measured by various methods,such as XRD,TEM,automatic Sievert apparatus,TG and DSC.The results reveal that both of the as-milled alloys exhibit a nanocrystalline and amorphous structure.The RE=Y alloy shows a larger hydrogen absorption capacity,faster hydriding rate,lower initial hydrogen desorption temperature,superior hydrogen desorption property,and lower hydrogen desorption activation energy,which is thought to be the reason of its better hydrogen storage kinetics,as compared with RE=Sm alloy.

Evolution of coordination between α and β phases for two-phase titanium alloy during hot working

The evolution of coordination betweenαandβphases for a two-phase titanium alloy was investigated.For this purpose,hot compression and heat treatment under different conditions were carried out.The results show that the ability of coordinated deformation betweenαandβphases can influence uniformity of microstructure evolution.Specifically,αphase maintains the lamellar structure andβphase has a low degree of recrystallization when the ability of coordinated deformation is good.In this case,αandβphases still maintain the BOR(Burgers orientation relationship),and their interface relationship is not destroyed even at large deformation.Both of the deformation extent ofαlamellae and recrystallization degree ofβphase increase with the decline of ability of coordinated deformation.Theαphase only maintains the BOR withβphase on one side,while the uncoordinated rotation with theβphase on the other side occurs within 10°.Theαandβphases rotate asynchronously when ability of coordinated deformation is poor.The degree of interface dislocation increases,andαandβphases deviate from the BOR.

Simple synthesis of nitrogen‐doped carbon spheres as a highly efficient metal‐free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

In the present work, nitrogen‐doped carbon spheres were synthesized through a simple hydro‐thermal treatment using glucose and melamine as inexpensive carbon and nitrogen sources, re‐spectively. The ratio of melamine to glucose and annealing temperature were optimized. The final optimal sample exhibited a catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction（ORR） that was supe‐rior than that of commercial 20%Pt/C in 0.1 mol/L KOH. It revealed an onset potential of –22.6 mV and a half‐wave potential of –133.6 mV （vs. Ag/AgCl）, which are 7.2 and 5.9 mV more positive than those of the 20%Pt/C catalyst, respectively, as well as a limiting current density of 4.6 mA/cm^2, which is 0.2 mA/cm^2 higher than that of the 20%Pt/C catalyst. The catalyst also exhibited higher stability and superior durability against methanol than 20%Pt/C. Moreover, ORRs on this catalyst proceed through a more effective 4 e^– path. The above mentioned superiority of the as‐prepared catalyst makes it promising for fuel cells.

矿业项目价值评估及敏感性分析

为了更好地实现我国的"走出去"战略目标,本文从矿业项目经济评价和敏感性分析方面着手,以折现现金流法(DCF)为基础,实例设计矿业项目经济评价模型,立体展现企业如何评估矿业项目当前价值,并且具体分析各参数的变化如何对项目产生影响及其敏感性,以解决矿企降低投资风险,提高国际竞争力的问题。作者在实际与国外矿企交流、谈判和合作过程中,发现他们会变换项目评价所涉及的参数,这些微小的变换却能造成结果的迥然不同,也是我国矿企与国际接轨的关键。因此,熟练掌握与运用价值评估模型是我们所欠缺的,培养和壮大结构合理的高水平人才队伍是实现我国"走出去"战略目标所应解决的重要环节。