Al86Ni7Y4.5Co1La1.5 (mole fraction, %) alloy powder was produced by argon gas atomization process. After high-energy ball milling, the powder was consolidated by vacuum hot press sintering and spark plasma sintering...Al86Ni7Y4.5Co1La1.5 (mole fraction, %) alloy powder was produced by argon gas atomization process. After high-energy ball milling, the powder was consolidated by vacuum hot press sintering and spark plasma sintering (SPS) under different process conditions. The microstructure and morphology of the powder and consolidated bulk sample were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is shown that amorphous phase appears when ball milling time is more than 100 h, and the bulk sample consolidated by SPS can maintain amorphous/ nanocrystalline microstructure but has lower relative density. A compressive strength of 650 MPa of Al86Ni7Y4.5Co1La1.5 nanostructured samples is achieved by vacuum hot extrusion (VHE).展开更多
We used a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma technique to eliminate the protective ligand of ZnAl-hydrotalcite-supported gold nanoclusters.We used X-ray powder diffraction,ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry,th...We used a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma technique to eliminate the protective ligand of ZnAl-hydrotalcite-supported gold nanoclusters.We used X-ray powder diffraction,ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry,thermogravimetric analysis,and high angle annular dark-field-scanning transmission electron microscopy characterization to show that the samples pretreated with/without DBD-plasma displayed different performances in CO oxidation.The enhanced activity was obtained on the plasma-treated samples,implying that the protective ligand was effectively removed via the plasma technique.The crystal structure of the plasma-treated samples changed markedly,suggesting that the plasma treatment could not only break the chemical bond between the gold and the protective agent but could also decompose the interlayer ions over the hydrotalcite support.The particle sizes of the gold after DBD-plasma treatment implied that it was a good way to control the size of the gold nanoparticles under mild conditions.展开更多
Gold(Au)plasmonic nanoparticles were grown evenly on monolayer graphitic carbon nitride(g‐C3N4)nanosheets via a facile oil‐bath method.The photocatalytic activity of the Au/monolayer g‐C3N4 composites under visible...Gold(Au)plasmonic nanoparticles were grown evenly on monolayer graphitic carbon nitride(g‐C3N4)nanosheets via a facile oil‐bath method.The photocatalytic activity of the Au/monolayer g‐C3N4 composites under visible light was evaluated by photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and environmental treatment.All of the Au/monolayer g‐C3N4 composites showed better photocatalytic performance than that of monolayer g‐C3N4 and the 1%Au/monolayer g‐C3N4 composite displayed the highest photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of the samples.The remarkable photocatalytic activity was attributed largely to the successful introduction of Au plasmonic nanoparticles,which led to the surface plasmon resonance(SPR)effect.The SPR effect enhanced the efficiency of light harvesting and induced an efficient hot electron transfer process.The hot electrons were injected from the Au plasmonic nanoparticles into the conduction band of monolayer g‐C3N4.Thus,the Au/monolayer g‐C3N4 composites possessed higher migration and separation efficiencies and lower recombination probability of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs than those of monolayer g‐C3N4.A photocatalytic mechanism for the composites was also proposed.展开更多
Three different nitrogen ion doses were implanted into a Ti6A14V alloy to improve its mechanical surface properties for the application of artificial joints. The titanium nitride phase and nitrogen element distributio...Three different nitrogen ion doses were implanted into a Ti6A14V alloy to improve its mechanical surface properties for the application of artificial joints. The titanium nitride phase and nitrogen element distribution profile were characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Nano-indentation tests were carried out on the surface of the Ti6A14V alloy and implanted samples on a large scale of applied loads. The XPS analysis results indicate that nitrogen diffuses into the titanium alloy and forms a hard TiN layer on the Ti6A14V alloy. The nanohardness results reveal that nitrogen ion implantation effectively enhances the surface hardness of Ti6A14V. In addition, the nanohardness clearly reveals load dependence over a large segment of the applied loads. Thus a concept of nanohardness fractal dimension is first proposed and the dual fractal model can effectively describe nonlinear deformation in indentation areas on the Ti6A14V surface. The fractal dimension shows a decreased trend in two regions of applied loads, indicating a decrease of the self-similarity complexity in surface indentation owing to an increase in nanohardness after nitrogen ion implantation.展开更多
A simple and fast plasma reduction method is developed for synthesis of Au and Pd metal nanoparticles. The scanning electron microscopy(SEM) analysis indicates a formation of aggregates of Au and Pd nanoparticles with...A simple and fast plasma reduction method is developed for synthesis of Au and Pd metal nanoparticles. The scanning electron microscopy(SEM) analysis indicates a formation of aggregates of Au and Pd nanoparticles with branched structure. The transmission electron microscopy(TEM) image shows that the inclusive nanoparticles are all about 5 nm in size. Compared to conventional hydrogen reduction method, plasma method inhibits the agglomeration of metal particles. The room temperature operation is very helpful to limit the nanoparticle size. Most interestingly, plasma reduction produces more flattened metal particles. This plasma reduction does not require the use of any hazardous reducing chemicals, showing the great potential for the fabrication of noble metal nanoparticles.展开更多
A reliable method for detecting nanoparticles is necessary for the wide application of nanomaterials. Single particle-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(SP-ICP-MS) was investigated to detect the size of gold...A reliable method for detecting nanoparticles is necessary for the wide application of nanomaterials. Single particle-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(SP-ICP-MS) was investigated to detect the size of gold nanoparticles(Au NPs) in this work. Discrimination of particle signal and iterative algorithm were used to calculate the baseline of particle signal. Influence of dwell time was discussed and 3 ms was selected as dwell time for size detection. Different Au NPs standards(30, 60, 80 and 100 nm) and mixed samples(60 and 100 nm) were determined by SP-ICP-MS and the accuracy was confirmed with reference values. The particle size detection limit was 19 nm in ultrapure water(UP water) and 31 nm in 0.1 μg/L Au^(3+) solution. Stability of Au NPs in ultrapure water and natural water samples was investigated by detecting size variation of AuN Ps. The result shows that Au NPs are stable in aqueous environment for 6 d but degraded after 30 d.展开更多
The purposes of this work were to obtain the accurate elastic modulus of the nanocrystalline WC-Co cemented carbides, and to propose the mechanism for the difference of elastic modulus between the nanocrystalline and ...The purposes of this work were to obtain the accurate elastic modulus of the nanocrystalline WC-Co cemented carbides, and to propose the mechanism for the difference of elastic modulus between the nanocrystalline and conventional polycrystalline cemented carbides. The nanocrystalline cemented carbide was prepared by spark plasma sintering(SPS) technique. The conventional polycrystalline cemented carbides were prepared by SPS and sinter-HIP techniques as references, respectively. The sintered cemented carbides were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and the transmission electron microscopy with precession electron diffraction technology. The elastic modulus was obtained by averaging the values measured with the continuous stiffness measurement method of the nanoindentation technology. The results show that the nanocrystalline cemented carbide has a relatively low modulus, which could be attributed to the more interface area and higher fraction ratio of the hcp cobalt phase caused by the rapid heating and cooling process during SPS.展开更多
The enhanced laser cooling performance of rare-earth-ions-doped glasses containing small particles is predicted. This is achieved by the enhancement of local field around rare earth ions, owing to the surface plasmon ...The enhanced laser cooling performance of rare-earth-ions-doped glasses containing small particles is predicted. This is achieved by the enhancement of local field around rare earth ions, owing to the surface plasmon resonance of small metallic particles. The role of energy transfer between ions and the particle is theoretical discussed. Depending on the particle size and the ion emission quantum efficiency, the enhancement of the absorption and the fluorescence is predicted. Moreover, taking Yb^3+-doped ZBLAN as example, the cooling power and heat-light converting efficiency are calculated. It is finally concluded that the absorption and the fluorescence are greatly enhanced in these composite materials, the cooling power is increased compared to the bulk material.展开更多
The adsorption process was studied for separating para-xylene from xylene mixture on modified nano-zeolite X in a breakthrough system. Nano-zeolitic adsorbent with different ratios of Si O2/Al2O3 was synthesized throu...The adsorption process was studied for separating para-xylene from xylene mixture on modified nano-zeolite X in a breakthrough system. Nano-zeolitic adsorbent with different ratios of Si O2/Al2O3 was synthesized through hydrothermal process and ion-exchanged with alkaline metal cations like lithium, sodium and potassium. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), nitrogen adsorption,transform electron microscopy(TEM) and in situ Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy. The influence of nano-zeolite water content and desorbent type on the selectivity of para-xylene toward other C8 aromatic isomers was studied. The optimization of adsorption process was also investigated under variable operation conditions. The isotherm for each isomer of C8 aromatics and the desorbents possess the adsorption characteristics of Langmuir type. The selectivity factor of para-xylene relative to each of meta-xylene, ortho-xylene and ethylbenzene under the optimum conditions obtained to be 5.36, 2.43 and 3.22, in the order given.展开更多
Use of ultraporous nylon membrane is one of the most widely employed techniques for removal of hard and soft nanoparticles in the semiconductor industry, and the accurate determination of membrane pore size is necessa...Use of ultraporous nylon membrane is one of the most widely employed techniques for removal of hard and soft nanoparticles in the semiconductor industry, and the accurate determination of membrane pore size is necessary in order to avoid manufacturing defects caused by contamination. The gold nanoparticle has several benefits for the evaluation of polymeric membranes; however, the nanoparticles agglomerate easily on the nylon membrane and make it difficult to evaluate the membrane precisely. The properties of 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol(ADP) ligand in gold nanoparticle solution were systematically investigated, and ADP was utilized for improved evaluation of the nylon membranes. Nylon membrane used in this study was prepared by phase inversion techniques. Ultrathin dense layer on top of the membrane surface and Darcy structures in the microporous membrane support were observed. The gold particle rejection was carried out at various p H values from 4 to14 and higher rejection was observed at p H 4 and 8. The suppression of gold colloid agglomeration using ADP and monodispersity of gold colloids was also analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). van der Waals interaction energy of the particles was reduced in the addition of ADP. The presence of ADP ligand in the gold solutions prevented the agglomeration of gold nanoparticles and reduced the adsorption of the particles on the nylon membrane surface,leading to precise evaluation of membrane pore sizes.展开更多
Cerium-doped zirconium-based NH_(2)-UiO-66 nanoparticles were synthesized in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate at room temperature.The crystal structure and morphology were studied using X-ray diffracti...Cerium-doped zirconium-based NH_(2)-UiO-66 nanoparticles were synthesized in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate at room temperature.The crystal structure and morphology were studied using X-ray diffraction,infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The valence state and distribution of elements in the obtained materials were examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.Catalytic performance studies show that the cerium-doped NH_(2)-UiO-66 exhibits improved catalytic efficiency in the cycloaddition reaction of 1,2-butylene oxide and carbon dioxide than pure NH_(2)-UiO-66.Studies on the photoelectric properties indicate that the cerium-doped NH_(2)-UiO-66 catalyst possesses strong photocurrent response,low interfacial charge transfer resistance,narrow band gap,and low flat band potential.This work provides a new approach of synthesizing high-performance catalyst for photocatalytic CO_(2) cycloaddition.展开更多
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a useful technique for in vitro amplification of a DNA fragment. In this paper, a PCR procedure using Au nanoparticle (AuNP) -bound primers was systemically studied. The 5′-SH- (CH2...Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a useful technique for in vitro amplification of a DNA fragment. In this paper, a PCR procedure using Au nanoparticle (AuNP) -bound primers was systemically studied. The 5′-SH- (CH2)6-modified primers were covalently attached to the AuNP surface via Au-S bonds, and plasmid pBluescript SK was used as a template. The effects of the concentration of AuNP-bound primers, annealing temperature and PCR cy-cles were evaluated, respectively. The results indicate that PCR can proceed successfully under optimized condition, with either forward or reverse primers bound to the AuNP surface or with both the two primers bound to the AuNP surface. Development of PCR procedure based on AuNPs not only makes the isolation of PCR products very convenient, but also provides novel methods to prepare AuNP-bound ssDNA and nanostructured material.展开更多
In this work, the Au/ZnO hybrid microstructure was fabricated by assembling Au nanoparticles(NPs) onto the surface of ZnO microrods, and an obviously improved ultraviolet(UV) emission of ZnO is observed in the hybrid ...In this work, the Au/ZnO hybrid microstructure was fabricated by assembling Au nanoparticles(NPs) onto the surface of ZnO microrods, and an obviously improved ultraviolet(UV) emission of ZnO is observed in the hybrid microstructure. About 27-fold enhancement ratio of the UV emission to the green band emission of ZnO is achieved. The underlying enhanced mechanism of the UV emission intensities can be ascribed to the charge transfer and the efficient coupling between ZnO excitons and Au surface plasmon(SP).展开更多
The Pb(Ⅱ)ion-imprinting electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofiber mats were fabricated by one-step electrospinning and ion-imprinting methods and their application as adsorbents for metal ions was also investigated....The Pb(Ⅱ)ion-imprinting electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofiber mats were fabricated by one-step electrospinning and ion-imprinting methods and their application as adsorbents for metal ions was also investigated.The resulting chitosan nanofiber mats were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA).The Pb(Ⅱ)ion-imprinting electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofiber mats were used as adsorbents for the removal of Pb(Ⅱ)ions from aqueous or acid solutions.The effects of p H values,contact time,content of crosslinker(glutaraldehyde)on Pb(Ⅱ)ions adsorption were studied.The results indicated that the Pb(Ⅱ)ion-imprinting electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofiber mats had the highest adsorption capacity of 110.0 mg/g at p H 7.The kinetic study demonstrated that the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ)ions followed the pseudo-second-order model.The equilibrium isotherm data showed that the Langmuir model was the most suitable for predicting the adsorption isotherm of the studied system.The Pb(Ⅱ)ion-imprinting electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofiber mats had good adsorption selectivity,which illustrates the equilibrium adsorption capacity in the order of Pb(Ⅱ)>Cu(Ⅱ)>Zn(Ⅱ)>Cd(Ⅱ)>Ni(Ⅱ).The Pb(Ⅱ)ion-imprinting electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofiber mats were stable and had good reuse ability.展开更多
We fabricate arrays of metallic nanoparticle dimers with nanometer separation using electron beam lithography and angle evaporation. These "nanogap" dimers are fabricated on thin silicon nitride membranes to enable ...We fabricate arrays of metallic nanoparticle dimers with nanometer separation using electron beam lithography and angle evaporation. These "nanogap" dimers are fabricated on thin silicon nitride membranes to enable high resolution transmission electron microscope imaging of the specific nanoparticle geometries. Plasmonic resonances of the pairs are characterized by dark-field scattering micro-spectroscopy, which enables the optical scattering from individual nano- structures to be measured by using a spatially-filtered light source to illuminate a small area. Scattering spectra from individual dimers are correlated with transmis- sion electron microscope images and finite-difference time-domain simulations of their electromagnetic response, with excellent agreement between simulation and experiment. We observe a strong polarization dependence with two dominant scattering peaks in spectra taken with the polarization aligned along the dimer axis. This response arises from a unique Fano interference, in which the bright hybridized modes of an asymmetric dimer are able to couple to the dark higher- order hybridized modes through substrate-mediated coupling. The presence of this interference is strongly dependent on the nanoparticle geometry that defines the plasmon energy profile but also on the intense localization of charge at the dielectric surface in the nanogap region for separations smaller than 6 nm.展开更多
基金Project(2012CB619503)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(2013AA031001)supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2012DFA50630)supported by the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China
文摘Al86Ni7Y4.5Co1La1.5 (mole fraction, %) alloy powder was produced by argon gas atomization process. After high-energy ball milling, the powder was consolidated by vacuum hot press sintering and spark plasma sintering (SPS) under different process conditions. The microstructure and morphology of the powder and consolidated bulk sample were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is shown that amorphous phase appears when ball milling time is more than 100 h, and the bulk sample consolidated by SPS can maintain amorphous/ nanocrystalline microstructure but has lower relative density. A compressive strength of 650 MPa of Al86Ni7Y4.5Co1La1.5 nanostructured samples is achieved by vacuum hot extrusion (VHE).
文摘We used a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma technique to eliminate the protective ligand of ZnAl-hydrotalcite-supported gold nanoclusters.We used X-ray powder diffraction,ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry,thermogravimetric analysis,and high angle annular dark-field-scanning transmission electron microscopy characterization to show that the samples pretreated with/without DBD-plasma displayed different performances in CO oxidation.The enhanced activity was obtained on the plasma-treated samples,implying that the protective ligand was effectively removed via the plasma technique.The crystal structure of the plasma-treated samples changed markedly,suggesting that the plasma treatment could not only break the chemical bond between the gold and the protective agent but could also decompose the interlayer ions over the hydrotalcite support.The particle sizes of the gold after DBD-plasma treatment implied that it was a good way to control the size of the gold nanoparticles under mild conditions.
文摘Gold(Au)plasmonic nanoparticles were grown evenly on monolayer graphitic carbon nitride(g‐C3N4)nanosheets via a facile oil‐bath method.The photocatalytic activity of the Au/monolayer g‐C3N4 composites under visible light was evaluated by photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and environmental treatment.All of the Au/monolayer g‐C3N4 composites showed better photocatalytic performance than that of monolayer g‐C3N4 and the 1%Au/monolayer g‐C3N4 composite displayed the highest photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of the samples.The remarkable photocatalytic activity was attributed largely to the successful introduction of Au plasmonic nanoparticles,which led to the surface plasmon resonance(SPR)effect.The SPR effect enhanced the efficiency of light harvesting and induced an efficient hot electron transfer process.The hot electrons were injected from the Au plasmonic nanoparticles into the conduction band of monolayer g‐C3N4.Thus,the Au/monolayer g‐C3N4 composites possessed higher migration and separation efficiencies and lower recombination probability of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs than those of monolayer g‐C3N4.A photocatalytic mechanism for the composites was also proposed.
基金Projects 2007CB607605 supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China50535050, 50225519, 50405042 by the National Natural Science Foundation of China2005B032 by the Science Foundation of China University of Mining and Technology
文摘Three different nitrogen ion doses were implanted into a Ti6A14V alloy to improve its mechanical surface properties for the application of artificial joints. The titanium nitride phase and nitrogen element distribution profile were characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Nano-indentation tests were carried out on the surface of the Ti6A14V alloy and implanted samples on a large scale of applied loads. The XPS analysis results indicate that nitrogen diffuses into the titanium alloy and forms a hard TiN layer on the Ti6A14V alloy. The nanohardness results reveal that nitrogen ion implantation effectively enhances the surface hardness of Ti6A14V. In addition, the nanohardness clearly reveals load dependence over a large segment of the applied loads. Thus a concept of nanohardness fractal dimension is first proposed and the dual fractal model can effectively describe nonlinear deformation in indentation areas on the Ti6A14V surface. The fractal dimension shows a decreased trend in two regions of applied loads, indicating a decrease of the self-similarity complexity in surface indentation owing to an increase in nanohardness after nitrogen ion implantation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21206109)the Tianjin Municipal Natural Science Foundation(12JCQNJC04500)
文摘A simple and fast plasma reduction method is developed for synthesis of Au and Pd metal nanoparticles. The scanning electron microscopy(SEM) analysis indicates a formation of aggregates of Au and Pd nanoparticles with branched structure. The transmission electron microscopy(TEM) image shows that the inclusive nanoparticles are all about 5 nm in size. Compared to conventional hydrogen reduction method, plasma method inhibits the agglomeration of metal particles. The room temperature operation is very helpful to limit the nanoparticle size. Most interestingly, plasma reduction produces more flattened metal particles. This plasma reduction does not require the use of any hazardous reducing chemicals, showing the great potential for the fabrication of noble metal nanoparticles.
基金Projects(21407182,21277175)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20120162110019)supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
文摘A reliable method for detecting nanoparticles is necessary for the wide application of nanomaterials. Single particle-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(SP-ICP-MS) was investigated to detect the size of gold nanoparticles(Au NPs) in this work. Discrimination of particle signal and iterative algorithm were used to calculate the baseline of particle signal. Influence of dwell time was discussed and 3 ms was selected as dwell time for size detection. Different Au NPs standards(30, 60, 80 and 100 nm) and mixed samples(60 and 100 nm) were determined by SP-ICP-MS and the accuracy was confirmed with reference values. The particle size detection limit was 19 nm in ultrapure water(UP water) and 31 nm in 0.1 μg/L Au^(3+) solution. Stability of Au NPs in ultrapure water and natural water samples was investigated by detecting size variation of AuN Ps. The result shows that Au NPs are stable in aqueous environment for 6 d but degraded after 30 d.
基金Projects(51425101,51631002)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The purposes of this work were to obtain the accurate elastic modulus of the nanocrystalline WC-Co cemented carbides, and to propose the mechanism for the difference of elastic modulus between the nanocrystalline and conventional polycrystalline cemented carbides. The nanocrystalline cemented carbide was prepared by spark plasma sintering(SPS) technique. The conventional polycrystalline cemented carbides were prepared by SPS and sinter-HIP techniques as references, respectively. The sintered cemented carbides were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and the transmission electron microscopy with precession electron diffraction technology. The elastic modulus was obtained by averaging the values measured with the continuous stiffness measurement method of the nanoindentation technology. The results show that the nanocrystalline cemented carbide has a relatively low modulus, which could be attributed to the more interface area and higher fraction ratio of the hcp cobalt phase caused by the rapid heating and cooling process during SPS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10434060 and 10674047the Doctor Foundation of the Ministry of Education under Grant No.20040269010Shanghai Priority Academic Discipline,and the 211 Foundation of the Ministry of Education Doctor Program Scholarship Fund of ECNU 2007
文摘The enhanced laser cooling performance of rare-earth-ions-doped glasses containing small particles is predicted. This is achieved by the enhancement of local field around rare earth ions, owing to the surface plasmon resonance of small metallic particles. The role of energy transfer between ions and the particle is theoretical discussed. Depending on the particle size and the ion emission quantum efficiency, the enhancement of the absorption and the fluorescence is predicted. Moreover, taking Yb^3+-doped ZBLAN as example, the cooling power and heat-light converting efficiency are calculated. It is finally concluded that the absorption and the fluorescence are greatly enhanced in these composite materials, the cooling power is increased compared to the bulk material.
文摘The adsorption process was studied for separating para-xylene from xylene mixture on modified nano-zeolite X in a breakthrough system. Nano-zeolitic adsorbent with different ratios of Si O2/Al2O3 was synthesized through hydrothermal process and ion-exchanged with alkaline metal cations like lithium, sodium and potassium. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), nitrogen adsorption,transform electron microscopy(TEM) and in situ Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy. The influence of nano-zeolite water content and desorbent type on the selectivity of para-xylene toward other C8 aromatic isomers was studied. The optimization of adsorption process was also investigated under variable operation conditions. The isotherm for each isomer of C8 aromatics and the desorbents possess the adsorption characteristics of Langmuir type. The selectivity factor of para-xylene relative to each of meta-xylene, ortho-xylene and ethylbenzene under the optimum conditions obtained to be 5.36, 2.43 and 3.22, in the order given.
基金Supported by the MOTIE(Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy)(10048995)KSRC(Korea Semiconductor Research Consortium)support program for the development of the future semiconductor devicethe KIST-UNIST Partnership Program(1.150091.01/2V04470)
文摘Use of ultraporous nylon membrane is one of the most widely employed techniques for removal of hard and soft nanoparticles in the semiconductor industry, and the accurate determination of membrane pore size is necessary in order to avoid manufacturing defects caused by contamination. The gold nanoparticle has several benefits for the evaluation of polymeric membranes; however, the nanoparticles agglomerate easily on the nylon membrane and make it difficult to evaluate the membrane precisely. The properties of 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol(ADP) ligand in gold nanoparticle solution were systematically investigated, and ADP was utilized for improved evaluation of the nylon membranes. Nylon membrane used in this study was prepared by phase inversion techniques. Ultrathin dense layer on top of the membrane surface and Darcy structures in the microporous membrane support were observed. The gold particle rejection was carried out at various p H values from 4 to14 and higher rejection was observed at p H 4 and 8. The suppression of gold colloid agglomeration using ADP and monodispersity of gold colloids was also analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). van der Waals interaction energy of the particles was reduced in the addition of ADP. The presence of ADP ligand in the gold solutions prevented the agglomeration of gold nanoparticles and reduced the adsorption of the particles on the nylon membrane surface,leading to precise evaluation of membrane pore sizes.
文摘Cerium-doped zirconium-based NH_(2)-UiO-66 nanoparticles were synthesized in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate at room temperature.The crystal structure and morphology were studied using X-ray diffraction,infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The valence state and distribution of elements in the obtained materials were examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.Catalytic performance studies show that the cerium-doped NH_(2)-UiO-66 exhibits improved catalytic efficiency in the cycloaddition reaction of 1,2-butylene oxide and carbon dioxide than pure NH_(2)-UiO-66.Studies on the photoelectric properties indicate that the cerium-doped NH_(2)-UiO-66 catalyst possesses strong photocurrent response,low interfacial charge transfer resistance,narrow band gap,and low flat band potential.This work provides a new approach of synthesizing high-performance catalyst for photocatalytic CO_(2) cycloaddition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20443005)the Nanotechnology Special Projects of Shanghai(Grant No.0352nm123)the Major Project Foundation of Shanghai Education Administration(Grant No.04DA01).
文摘Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a useful technique for in vitro amplification of a DNA fragment. In this paper, a PCR procedure using Au nanoparticle (AuNP) -bound primers was systemically studied. The 5′-SH- (CH2)6-modified primers were covalently attached to the AuNP surface via Au-S bonds, and plasmid pBluescript SK was used as a template. The effects of the concentration of AuNP-bound primers, annealing temperature and PCR cy-cles were evaluated, respectively. The results indicate that PCR can proceed successfully under optimized condition, with either forward or reverse primers bound to the AuNP surface or with both the two primers bound to the AuNP surface. Development of PCR procedure based on AuNPs not only makes the isolation of PCR products very convenient, but also provides novel methods to prepare AuNP-bound ssDNA and nanostructured material.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1404824)the Science&Technology Agency of Henan Province(No.142107000023)the Young Scientists Fund of Henan University of Science and Technology(No.09001635)
文摘In this work, the Au/ZnO hybrid microstructure was fabricated by assembling Au nanoparticles(NPs) onto the surface of ZnO microrods, and an obviously improved ultraviolet(UV) emission of ZnO is observed in the hybrid microstructure. About 27-fold enhancement ratio of the UV emission to the green band emission of ZnO is achieved. The underlying enhanced mechanism of the UV emission intensities can be ascribed to the charge transfer and the efficient coupling between ZnO excitons and Au surface plasmon(SP).
文摘The Pb(Ⅱ)ion-imprinting electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofiber mats were fabricated by one-step electrospinning and ion-imprinting methods and their application as adsorbents for metal ions was also investigated.The resulting chitosan nanofiber mats were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA).The Pb(Ⅱ)ion-imprinting electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofiber mats were used as adsorbents for the removal of Pb(Ⅱ)ions from aqueous or acid solutions.The effects of p H values,contact time,content of crosslinker(glutaraldehyde)on Pb(Ⅱ)ions adsorption were studied.The results indicated that the Pb(Ⅱ)ion-imprinting electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofiber mats had the highest adsorption capacity of 110.0 mg/g at p H 7.The kinetic study demonstrated that the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ)ions followed the pseudo-second-order model.The equilibrium isotherm data showed that the Langmuir model was the most suitable for predicting the adsorption isotherm of the studied system.The Pb(Ⅱ)ion-imprinting electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofiber mats had good adsorption selectivity,which illustrates the equilibrium adsorption capacity in the order of Pb(Ⅱ)>Cu(Ⅱ)>Zn(Ⅱ)>Cd(Ⅱ)>Ni(Ⅱ).The Pb(Ⅱ)ion-imprinting electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofiber mats were stable and had good reuse ability.
文摘We fabricate arrays of metallic nanoparticle dimers with nanometer separation using electron beam lithography and angle evaporation. These "nanogap" dimers are fabricated on thin silicon nitride membranes to enable high resolution transmission electron microscope imaging of the specific nanoparticle geometries. Plasmonic resonances of the pairs are characterized by dark-field scattering micro-spectroscopy, which enables the optical scattering from individual nano- structures to be measured by using a spatially-filtered light source to illuminate a small area. Scattering spectra from individual dimers are correlated with transmis- sion electron microscope images and finite-difference time-domain simulations of their electromagnetic response, with excellent agreement between simulation and experiment. We observe a strong polarization dependence with two dominant scattering peaks in spectra taken with the polarization aligned along the dimer axis. This response arises from a unique Fano interference, in which the bright hybridized modes of an asymmetric dimer are able to couple to the dark higher- order hybridized modes through substrate-mediated coupling. The presence of this interference is strongly dependent on the nanoparticle geometry that defines the plasmon energy profile but also on the intense localization of charge at the dielectric surface in the nanogap region for separations smaller than 6 nm.