无氰脉冲电镀金工艺及其在空腔靶中的应用

提出采用脉冲电镀在无氰亚硫酸盐体系中制备镀金层并应用在空腔靶上。讨论了电流密度、pH、温度及脉冲占空比对电镀过程及镀层性能的影响。结果发现，当占空比在1：（9～18）时，镀层最细致、光滑，粗糙度在30mm左右。采用原子力显微镜观测了该工艺处理后的空腔的形貌。由此工艺获得的金腔结构稳定，均匀致密，精度良好且外观光亮。

磁控溅射法制备金/钆柱腔工艺研究

采用直流磁控溅射方法制备金/钆(Au/Gd)多层膜,并研究不同制备参数对多层膜结构与性能的影响。溅射压强高于1Pa时,Au膜与Gd膜的沉积速率均随溅射压强的增大而下降;在较低溅射气压下,随着溅射气压的降低,金膜与钆膜的均方根粗糙度有所减小;随着溅射功率的减小,金/钆多层膜的周期性结构变好,界面更为清晰。本工作制备了不同原子比的金/钆膜柱腔,探讨了有关柱腔成型的解决方法。

0.35μm激光辐照下柱腔靶的等离子体状态与运动特性

使用针孔相机配Ｘ光条纹相机、法拉第杯等观测了腔靶等离子体的运动特性、腔内壁衬ＣＨ膜对高Ｚ高密度等离子体运动的抑制现象以及隔离膜对等离子体膨胀的影响。并用硬Ｘ光能谱法和受激喇曼散射光的短波截止推算了相应的腔内热等离子体电子温度。这些结果有助于０．３５μｍ激光辐照下腔靶辐射场特性的深入研究以及未来神光Ⅱ腔靶构型的设计。

Force analysis and experimental study of pure aluminum and Al-5%Ti-1%B alloy continuous expansion extrusion forming process

The deformation zone of CONFORM extrusion was divided into primary gripping zone,gripping zone,conical expansion chamber zone,cylindrical zone and sizing zone of die,and corresponding force equilibrium equations were established using the Slab method.The deformation force formulae of CONFORM machine at any wrapping angle with an expansion chamber were obtained.Experiment on pure aluminum and Al-5%Ti-1%B alloy was conducted on the CONFORM machine self-designed.The resistance to deformation of Al-5%Ti-1%B alloy at the deformation temperature of 400℃ and the strain rate of 3.07 s-1 was measured to be 50 MPa using Gleeble-1500 thermal simulation machine.The calculation results of deformation forces for CONFORM process with an expansion chamber for pure aluminum and Al-5%Ti-1%B alloy were given.The experimental CONFORM radial force is in agreement with the radial force obtained by theoretical formula.

Isolation and identification of symbiotic bacteria from the skin, mouth, and rectum of wild and captive tree shrews

Endosymbionts influence many aspects of their hosts’ health conditions, including physiology, development, immunity, metabolism, etc. Tree shrews(Tupaia belangeri chinensis) have attracted increasing attention in modeling human diseases and therapeutic responses due to their close relationship with primates. To clarify the situation of symbiotic bacteria from their body surface, oral cavity, and anus, 12 wild and 12 the third generation of captive tree shrews were examined. Based on morphological and cultural characteristics, physiological and biochemical tests, as well as the 16 S rDNA full sequence analysis, 12 bacteria strains were isolated and identified from the wild tree shrews: body surface: Bacillus subtilis(detection rate 42%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(25%), Staphlococcus aureus(33%), S. Epidermidis(75%), Micrococcus luteus(25%), Kurthia gibsonii(17%); oral cavity: Neisseria mucosa(58%), Streptococcus pneumonia(17%); anus: Enterococcus faecalis(17%), Lactococus lactis(33%), Escherichia coli(92%), Salmonella typhosa(17%); whereas, four were indentified from the third generation captive tree shrews: body surface: S. epidermidis(75%); oral cavity: N.mucosa(67%); anus: L. lactis(33%), E. coli(100%). These results indicate that S. epidermidis, N. mucosa, L. lactis and E. coli were major bacteria in tree shrews, whereas, S. aureus, M. luteus, K. gibsonii, E. faecalis and S. typhosa were species-specific flora. This study facilitates the future use of tree shrews as a standard experimental animal and improves our understanding of the relationship between endosymbionts and their hosts.

Microbial Biofilm Formation as a Dental-fouling Microorganisms Attachment Phenomenon in Oral Cavity Environment

DMFP （Dental microbial fouling phenomenon） of OCE （oral cavity environment） was studied in the local dental labs. Multi-smears of mature supra gingival plaques were randomly collected from fifty persons in dental labs that had different cultures, ages, sex and different scientific levels. Rapid microbial identification method was used to identify of these multi-smears by using vitek-2 compact instrument. The most frequent and appearance species of bacteria was Pantoeae spp., then Klebsiella pneumonia. Total species of microbial fouling in supra gingival plaques were included sixteen species： Staphyllococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pantoeae spp., Aercococcus viridians, Leuconostoc mesenteroides cremorise, Granuli.adiacens, Streptococcus sanguinis, Staphyllococcus sciuri, Stenotrophomonus maltiphilia, Kocuria varians, Gememlla morbillorum, Granulicatella adiacens, Nonreac biopattern, Kocuria kritinae, Kocuria rosea and Nonreac.biopattern while six fungal species were Tricoderma viride, Aspergillus flavus, Tricoderma harzianum, Cladosporium macrocarpum, Penicillium citrinum and Verticillium lecanii in addition to two yeast species were recorded Candida dubliniensis and Candida glabrata. The results were detected the most appearance of bacteria Pantoeae sp., then Klebsiella pneumonia, then Staphyllococcus aureus. These results of study suggest that adhesive strength conjugated with the biofilm layers presence in OCE may vary across different from one to other persons and mark a new path of inquiry for dental Microbial-fouling phenomenon research.

Can retrohepatic tunnel be quickly and easily established for laparoscopic liver hanging maneuver by Goldfinger dissector in laparoscopic right hepatectomy?

Objective： The liver hanging maneuver （LHM） is rarely applied in laparoscopic right hepatectomy （LRH） because of the difficulty encountered in retrohepatic tunnel （RT） dissection and tape positioning. Thus far no report has detailed how to quickly and easily establish RT for laparoscopic LHM in LRH, nor has employment of the Goldfinger dissector to create a total RT been reported. This study＇s aim was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of establishing RT for laparoscopic LHM using the Goldfinger dissector in LRH. Methods： Between March 2015 and July 2015, five consecutive patients underwent LRH via the caudal approach with laparoscopic LHM. A five-step strategy using the Goldfinger dissector to establish RT for laparoscopic LHM was adopted. Perioperative data were analyzed. Results： The median age of patients was 58 （range, 51-65） years. Surgery was performed for one intrahepatic lithiasis and four hepatocellular carcinomas with a median size of 90 （40-150） mm. The median operative time was 320 （282-358） min with a median blood loss of 200 （200-600） ml. Laparoscopic LHM was achieved in a median of 31 （21-62） min, and the median postoperative hospital stay was 14 （9-16） d. No transfusion or conversion was required, and no severe liver-related morbidity or death was observed. Conclusions： The Goldfinger dissector is a useful instrument for the establishment of RT. A five-step strategy using the Goldfinger dissector can quickly and easily facilitate an RT for a laparoscopic LHM in LRH.

Mid-mantle water transportation implied by the electrical and seismic properties ofε-FeOOH

Water in the mantle transition zone and the core-mantle boundary plays a key role in Earth’s stratification,volatile cycling,and core formation.If water transportation is actively running between the aforementioned layers,the lower mantle should contain water channels with distinctive seismic and/or electromagnetic signatures.Here,we investigated the electrical conductivity and sound velocity ofε-FeOOH up to 71 GPa and 1800 K and compared them with global tomography data.An abrupt threeorder jump of electrical conductivity was observed above 50 GPa,reaching 1.24(12)×10^(3)S/m at 61 GPa.Meanwhile,the longitudinal sound velocity dropped by 16.8%in response to the high-to-low spin transition of Fe^(3+).The high-conductivity and low-sound velocity ofε-FeOOH match the features of heterogenous scatterers in the mid-lower mantle.Such unique properties of hydrousε-FeOOH,or possibly other Fe-enriched phases can be detected as evidence of active water transportation in the mid-lower mantle.

Multiple metallic foreign bodies accidentally detected in different body cavities： a case report

We accidentally found an unusual case of a middle aged Tibetan woman who had eight metallic foreign bodies （eight needles） in her head, chest and abdomen. These needles were not related to any surgical intervention or trauma. The diagnosis ＂metallic foreign bodies＂ cannot usually be made in an acute setting. Some patients may present chronic symptoms, such as infection or pain. However, in some cases, the patients do not have any symptoms.