The contribution of this paper is threefold. Firstly, it develops a typology of corporate group development in terms of the pattern of corporate group formation in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It identifies briefl...The contribution of this paper is threefold. Firstly, it develops a typology of corporate group development in terms of the pattern of corporate group formation in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It identifies briefly three important types of corporate groups--industrial groups （type I groups）, pyramid-like （type II） groups, and financial （type IIl or FIGs） groups. Using original typology for corporate groups, the paper examines development trajectory of some of the biggest FIGs and shows what effects their existence have in the two economies. Finally, some lessons resulting from this corporate group-related type of ownership concentration for other pre-transitive countries are mentioned.展开更多
This purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the research situation and the development model of the E-commerce finance. This article takes the cross-border cooperation in finance between banks and E-comm...This purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the research situation and the development model of the E-commerce finance. This article takes the cross-border cooperation in finance between banks and E-commerce companies. This paper introduces three development models of E-commerce finance. Banks set up their own E-commerce platform. The banks take advantage of E-commerce platform. The E-commerce companies run financial business. The theoretical findings reported in this paper pave the way for embarking on the promising and relevant future research.展开更多
ACCORDING to a report in the Financial Times,European countries and enterprises that are teetering on the edge of a debt crisis are looking to China for investment.While the European debt crisis has eroded the value o...ACCORDING to a report in the Financial Times,European countries and enterprises that are teetering on the edge of a debt crisis are looking to China for investment.While the European debt crisis has eroded the value of the euro,falling asset prices have attracted the interest of foreign companies,including Chinese enterprises.展开更多
This paper reports Tanzanian bankers＇ reasons for not giving SMEs the amount they request as loans to finance their businesses. Open ended interviews were used to collect primary data from eight interviews in six com...This paper reports Tanzanian bankers＇ reasons for not giving SMEs the amount they request as loans to finance their businesses. Open ended interviews were used to collect primary data from eight interviews in six commercial banks that serve SMEs and which have been in operation for more than five years. Secondary data was obtained from different documents like World Bank reports, brochures and websites of visited banks to mention the few. Findings show that sectors which are perceived as too risky by banks, poor documentation by borrowers which make banks unable to assess their creditworthiness, lack of understanding by SMEs themselves as to why they are doing businesses they do, lack or very limited knowledge on financial management by SMEs, lack of awareness of different products offered by different banks, stagnant businesses as well as lack of proper securitiries to cover their loans are reasons behind banks reluctant to provide loans to SMEs. Findings clearly show that it is still difficult for new SMEs to access finance from banks in Tanzania. It is critical for existing SMEs to put their houses in order to the level that is acceptable by banks if they need to approach banks for loans. Banks in Tanzania need to review their policies on the maximum amount of loans to SMEs to reflect the market demands. At the moment, new SMEs should not have much hope of getting finance assistance from most banks. Further, training institutions should continue educating SMEs on relevant aspect that are important to lenders and lastly, the government should consider providing guarantee to SMEs sectors that are perceived as too risky by banks just like the ongoing initiatives in the agriculture sector.展开更多
文摘The contribution of this paper is threefold. Firstly, it develops a typology of corporate group development in terms of the pattern of corporate group formation in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It identifies briefly three important types of corporate groups--industrial groups （type I groups）, pyramid-like （type II） groups, and financial （type IIl or FIGs） groups. Using original typology for corporate groups, the paper examines development trajectory of some of the biggest FIGs and shows what effects their existence have in the two economies. Finally, some lessons resulting from this corporate group-related type of ownership concentration for other pre-transitive countries are mentioned.
文摘This purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the research situation and the development model of the E-commerce finance. This article takes the cross-border cooperation in finance between banks and E-commerce companies. This paper introduces three development models of E-commerce finance. Banks set up their own E-commerce platform. The banks take advantage of E-commerce platform. The E-commerce companies run financial business. The theoretical findings reported in this paper pave the way for embarking on the promising and relevant future research.
文摘ACCORDING to a report in the Financial Times,European countries and enterprises that are teetering on the edge of a debt crisis are looking to China for investment.While the European debt crisis has eroded the value of the euro,falling asset prices have attracted the interest of foreign companies,including Chinese enterprises.
文摘This paper reports Tanzanian bankers＇ reasons for not giving SMEs the amount they request as loans to finance their businesses. Open ended interviews were used to collect primary data from eight interviews in six commercial banks that serve SMEs and which have been in operation for more than five years. Secondary data was obtained from different documents like World Bank reports, brochures and websites of visited banks to mention the few. Findings show that sectors which are perceived as too risky by banks, poor documentation by borrowers which make banks unable to assess their creditworthiness, lack of understanding by SMEs themselves as to why they are doing businesses they do, lack or very limited knowledge on financial management by SMEs, lack of awareness of different products offered by different banks, stagnant businesses as well as lack of proper securitiries to cover their loans are reasons behind banks reluctant to provide loans to SMEs. Findings clearly show that it is still difficult for new SMEs to access finance from banks in Tanzania. It is critical for existing SMEs to put their houses in order to the level that is acceptable by banks if they need to approach banks for loans. Banks in Tanzania need to review their policies on the maximum amount of loans to SMEs to reflect the market demands. At the moment, new SMEs should not have much hope of getting finance assistance from most banks. Further, training institutions should continue educating SMEs on relevant aspect that are important to lenders and lastly, the government should consider providing guarantee to SMEs sectors that are perceived as too risky by banks just like the ongoing initiatives in the agriculture sector.
