The Internet is becoming increasingly more valuable in the field ofarchitectural design so that what we conventionally called CAD might soon be changed to Internetaided design (iAD). In order to have a clear vision of...The Internet is becoming increasingly more valuable in the field ofarchitectural design so that what we conventionally called CAD might soon be changed to Internetaided design (iAD). In order to have a clear vision of what IAD will be or could be, we should firstexamine what is currently available. This research focuses on an investigation of selected Webvendors, which are typical and most influential in providing Internet related services for the AECindustry. By comparing and analyzing their functionality, services provided, business models,technology and financial situation, we have seen that Internet application in the AEC industry isstill in early stage, especially in the area of on-line engineering consulting for architects.展开更多
The appeal from municipalities, provinces and regions to financial derivative instruments is tied to the need of overcoming the situations in a state of urgency inherent in a balance. On average, one local Italian aut...The appeal from municipalities, provinces and regions to financial derivative instruments is tied to the need of overcoming the situations in a state of urgency inherent in a balance. On average, one local Italian authority in twenty has decided to underwrite a derivative product, giving life to a number of contracts that had a value of over 35 billion euro with an average value of 6.5 million for each contract until 2007. The boom of swaps has, since 2000 on, experienced a peak period from 2003 to the end of 2005, in which the Euribor rate touched a very low level, maintained itself for long periods at around 2% and fallen in some cases even under this value. Many of the contracts completed before 2006, which link the debt of local authorities to variable rates, but also many of those completed from 2006 onwards that moved debt onto fixed rate, which are now a source of loss for the balance of local authorities that have underwritten them. In the 2002-2008 period, the number of the stipulation of contracts local authorities reported to the Ministry of Economy and Finance is about 900, corresponding to more or less 150 per year, which affected 18 regions, 44 provinces, 532 municipalities and 4 mountain commtmities, for a total of 594 authorities. Therefore, the local authorities have approached the derivative instruments in an often approximate way without a real awareness, both for the conditions that were being negotiated and the effects that they would have produced in perspective. The purpose of this work is to highlight the consequences of the use of derivative instruments on the future management of local authorities.展开更多
This paper is concerned with a fully coupled forward-backward stochastic optimal control problem where the controlled system is driven by Levy process, while the forward state is constrained in a convex set at the ter...This paper is concerned with a fully coupled forward-backward stochastic optimal control problem where the controlled system is driven by Levy process, while the forward state is constrained in a convex set at the terminal time. The authors use an equivalent backward formulation to deal with the terminal state constraint, and then obtain a stochastic maximum principle by Ekeland＇s variational principle. Finally, the result is applied to the utility optimization problem in a financial market.展开更多
Damping behavior of Ti50.1Ni49.9 shape memory alloy during reverse martensitic transformation has been investigated by dynamic mechanical analyzer in a dual-cantilever mode. With the increase of strain amplitude, inte...Damping behavior of Ti50.1Ni49.9 shape memory alloy during reverse martensitic transformation has been investigated by dynamic mechanical analyzer in a dual-cantilever mode. With the increase of strain amplitude, internal friction （IF） of the alloy increases in martensite and austenite states while decreases in transformation region. Based on the regularity of IF attenuation in isothermal condition, IFTr and （IFpT＋ 1FI） are decomposed from the strain amplitude dependent IF in transformation region. For practical application of shape memory alloys as a damping material, it is significant to evaluate the damping capacity by eliminating the influence of IFTr and consider its time independent real IF （IFpT＋ IFI）.展开更多
文摘The Internet is becoming increasingly more valuable in the field ofarchitectural design so that what we conventionally called CAD might soon be changed to Internetaided design (iAD). In order to have a clear vision of what IAD will be or could be, we should firstexamine what is currently available. This research focuses on an investigation of selected Webvendors, which are typical and most influential in providing Internet related services for the AECindustry. By comparing and analyzing their functionality, services provided, business models,technology and financial situation, we have seen that Internet application in the AEC industry isstill in early stage, especially in the area of on-line engineering consulting for architects.
文摘The appeal from municipalities, provinces and regions to financial derivative instruments is tied to the need of overcoming the situations in a state of urgency inherent in a balance. On average, one local Italian authority in twenty has decided to underwrite a derivative product, giving life to a number of contracts that had a value of over 35 billion euro with an average value of 6.5 million for each contract until 2007. The boom of swaps has, since 2000 on, experienced a peak period from 2003 to the end of 2005, in which the Euribor rate touched a very low level, maintained itself for long periods at around 2% and fallen in some cases even under this value. Many of the contracts completed before 2006, which link the debt of local authorities to variable rates, but also many of those completed from 2006 onwards that moved debt onto fixed rate, which are now a source of loss for the balance of local authorities that have underwritten them. In the 2002-2008 period, the number of the stipulation of contracts local authorities reported to the Ministry of Economy and Finance is about 900, corresponding to more or less 150 per year, which affected 18 regions, 44 provinces, 532 municipalities and 4 mountain commtmities, for a total of 594 authorities. Therefore, the local authorities have approached the derivative instruments in an often approximate way without a real awareness, both for the conditions that were being negotiated and the effects that they would have produced in perspective. The purpose of this work is to highlight the consequences of the use of derivative instruments on the future management of local authorities.
基金supported by the National Science Fundation of China under Grant No.11271007the National Social Science Fund Project of China under Grant No.17BGL058Humanity and Social Science Research Foundation of Ministry of Education of China under Grant No.15YJA790051
文摘This paper is concerned with a fully coupled forward-backward stochastic optimal control problem where the controlled system is driven by Levy process, while the forward state is constrained in a convex set at the terminal time. The authors use an equivalent backward formulation to deal with the terminal state constraint, and then obtain a stochastic maximum principle by Ekeland＇s variational principle. Finally, the result is applied to the utility optimization problem in a financial market.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51001100)
文摘Damping behavior of Ti50.1Ni49.9 shape memory alloy during reverse martensitic transformation has been investigated by dynamic mechanical analyzer in a dual-cantilever mode. With the increase of strain amplitude, internal friction （IF） of the alloy increases in martensite and austenite states while decreases in transformation region. Based on the regularity of IF attenuation in isothermal condition, IFTr and （IFpT＋ 1FI） are decomposed from the strain amplitude dependent IF in transformation region. For practical application of shape memory alloys as a damping material, it is significant to evaluate the damping capacity by eliminating the influence of IFTr and consider its time independent real IF （IFpT＋ IFI）.
