出入控制系统是进入核能控制区域的屏障,本文介绍了基于EPICS软件包实现的钍基熔盐堆核能项目(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor,TMSR)放化控制区域出入控制系统的软件设计。通过新的设备驱动、数据库结构、软件接口和人机界面的开发,实现...出入控制系统是进入核能控制区域的屏障,本文介绍了基于EPICS软件包实现的钍基熔盐堆核能项目(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor,TMSR)放化控制区域出入控制系统的软件设计。通过新的设备驱动、数据库结构、软件接口和人机界面的开发,实现了该系统身份验证、污染报警、个人计量统计和事件记录等功能。使用EPICS软件包实现该系统,不仅可以降低成本,减少该系统对设备厂商的依赖性,最重要的是实现了TMSR实验堆项目仪控系统软件构架的统一。该系统软件开发已经过测试验收,证明其功能和可靠性均能满足设计要求,本文还对系统安全性方面的提高展开讨论。展开更多
目前核电运行管理系统存在数据接口不统一、设备状态数字化表达程度差等缺陷,为适应未来智慧核电的需要,将数字孪生理论与实时数据对接技术、图形可视化手段相结合,基于钍基熔盐固态仿真堆(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor-Solid Fuel,TMSR...目前核电运行管理系统存在数据接口不统一、设备状态数字化表达程度差等缺陷,为适应未来智慧核电的需要,将数字孪生理论与实时数据对接技术、图形可视化手段相结合,基于钍基熔盐固态仿真堆(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor-Solid Fuel,TMSR-SF0)实例,提出一套完整的数据监控与可视化技术方案。首先,建立熔盐堆反应装置数字映射模型,并完成在Unity引擎的模型对接及虚拟场景渲染;其次,基于Node-EPICS事件驱动与Socket.io套接字实现时空数据关联;最后,基于XCharts可视化框架提出集中显示实时数据的可视化方法,保证数据的可解释性,便于对数据的实时分析。经实践验证,该方案为TMSR-SF0的数据监控系统开发提供了有效技术支撑,数据更新周期为100 ms,且具备全流程数据采集、网络通信、图元动态展示等功能,有助于操作人员对核反应装置的在线监视与运行管理,为核电领域监控技术的数字化转型发展提供了参考。展开更多
Thorium was discovered in 1828 by the Swedish chemist Jons J. Berzelius. Despite some advantages over uranium for use in nuclear reactors, its main use, in the almost two centuries since its discovery, thorium was res...Thorium was discovered in 1828 by the Swedish chemist Jons J. Berzelius. Despite some advantages over uranium for use in nuclear reactors, its main use, in the almost two centuries since its discovery, thorium was restricted to use for gas mantles, especially in the early 20th century. In the beginning of the nuclear era, many countries had interested on thorium, particularly during the 1950-1970 period. There are about 435 nuclear reactors in the world nowadays. They need more than 65,000 tons of uranium yearly. The future world energy needs will increase and, even if we assumed a conservative contribution of nuclear generation, there will be a significant increasing in the uranium prices occur, taking into account that uranium, as used in the present thermal reactors, is a finite resource. Thorium is nearly three times more abundant than uranium in the Earth＇s crust. Despite thorium is not a fissile material, ^232Th can be converted to ^233U （fissile） more efficiently than ^238U to ^239pu. Besides this, since it is possible to convert thorium waste into non-radioactive elements, thorium is an environment-friendly alternative energy source. Thorium fuel cycle is also inherently resistant to proliferation. Some papers evaluate the thorium resources in Brazil over 1,200,000 metric t. Then, the thorium alternative must be seriously considered in Brazil for strategic reasons. In this paper a brief history of thorium is presented, besides a review of the world thorium utilization and a discussion about advantages and restrictions of thorium use.展开更多
Interest in thorium stems mainly from the fact that it is expected to have a substantial increase in uranium prices. So, advanced fuel cycles which increase the reserves of nuclear materials are interesting, particula...Interest in thorium stems mainly from the fact that it is expected to have a substantial increase in uranium prices. So, advanced fuel cycles which increase the reserves of nuclear materials are interesting, particularly, the use of thorium is to produce the fissile isotope ^233U. Thorium is three to five times more abundant than uranium in the earth＇s crust. Additionally, thoria produces less radiotoxicity than the UO2, because it produces fewer amounts of actinides. ThO2 has higher corrosion resistance, besides being chemically stable, and the burning of Pu in a reactor based in thorium also decreases the inventories of Pu from the current fuel cycles. There are some ongoing projects in the world, taking into consideration the proposed goals for Generation IV reactors, namely： sustainability, economics, safety and reliability, proliferation resistance and physical protection. Some developments on the use of thorium in reactors are underway, with the support of the IAEA （International Atomic Energy Agency） and some govern like molten salt reactor. In this paper, we discuss the future importance of thorium, particularly for Brazil, which has large mineral reserves of this strategic element, the characteristics of the molten salt reactor and the experience of the IPEN （Instituto de Pesquisas Energ6ticas e Nucleares） in the purification of thorium compounds.展开更多
文摘出入控制系统是进入核能控制区域的屏障,本文介绍了基于EPICS软件包实现的钍基熔盐堆核能项目(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor,TMSR)放化控制区域出入控制系统的软件设计。通过新的设备驱动、数据库结构、软件接口和人机界面的开发,实现了该系统身份验证、污染报警、个人计量统计和事件记录等功能。使用EPICS软件包实现该系统,不仅可以降低成本,减少该系统对设备厂商的依赖性,最重要的是实现了TMSR实验堆项目仪控系统软件构架的统一。该系统软件开发已经过测试验收,证明其功能和可靠性均能满足设计要求,本文还对系统安全性方面的提高展开讨论。
文摘Thorium was discovered in 1828 by the Swedish chemist Jons J. Berzelius. Despite some advantages over uranium for use in nuclear reactors, its main use, in the almost two centuries since its discovery, thorium was restricted to use for gas mantles, especially in the early 20th century. In the beginning of the nuclear era, many countries had interested on thorium, particularly during the 1950-1970 period. There are about 435 nuclear reactors in the world nowadays. They need more than 65,000 tons of uranium yearly. The future world energy needs will increase and, even if we assumed a conservative contribution of nuclear generation, there will be a significant increasing in the uranium prices occur, taking into account that uranium, as used in the present thermal reactors, is a finite resource. Thorium is nearly three times more abundant than uranium in the Earth＇s crust. Despite thorium is not a fissile material, ^232Th can be converted to ^233U （fissile） more efficiently than ^238U to ^239pu. Besides this, since it is possible to convert thorium waste into non-radioactive elements, thorium is an environment-friendly alternative energy source. Thorium fuel cycle is also inherently resistant to proliferation. Some papers evaluate the thorium resources in Brazil over 1,200,000 metric t. Then, the thorium alternative must be seriously considered in Brazil for strategic reasons. In this paper a brief history of thorium is presented, besides a review of the world thorium utilization and a discussion about advantages and restrictions of thorium use.
文摘Interest in thorium stems mainly from the fact that it is expected to have a substantial increase in uranium prices. So, advanced fuel cycles which increase the reserves of nuclear materials are interesting, particularly, the use of thorium is to produce the fissile isotope ^233U. Thorium is three to five times more abundant than uranium in the earth＇s crust. Additionally, thoria produces less radiotoxicity than the UO2, because it produces fewer amounts of actinides. ThO2 has higher corrosion resistance, besides being chemically stable, and the burning of Pu in a reactor based in thorium also decreases the inventories of Pu from the current fuel cycles. There are some ongoing projects in the world, taking into consideration the proposed goals for Generation IV reactors, namely： sustainability, economics, safety and reliability, proliferation resistance and physical protection. Some developments on the use of thorium in reactors are underway, with the support of the IAEA （International Atomic Energy Agency） and some govern like molten salt reactor. In this paper, we discuss the future importance of thorium, particularly for Brazil, which has large mineral reserves of this strategic element, the characteristics of the molten salt reactor and the experience of the IPEN （Instituto de Pesquisas Energ6ticas e Nucleares） in the purification of thorium compounds.
