CT钙化分布特征在肺孤立性球形病变良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用研究

目的研究CT钙化分布特征在肺孤立性球形病变良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用效果。方法回顾性抽取我院孤立性球形病变患者66例,根据疾病性质分为良性组与恶性组,均行CT检查,观察并对比两组患者影像学图片分析其钙化分布特征。结果良性组患者层状型钙化与中心型钙化发生率明显高于恶性组(P<0.05);良性组患者斑点型钙化、弥散型钙化及边缘型钙化发生率明显低于恶性组(P<0.05);良性组患者钙化点面积、钙化点面积比、钙化点总面积、钙化点总面积比、钙化密度面积与钙化密度面积比均明显高于恶性组,均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 CT钙化分布特征可有效鉴别肺孤立性球形病变患者良恶性,且成像材料分辨度高,具有临床诊断价值。

超声对甲状腺乳头状癌内钙化分布的特点分析

目的:研究超声对甲状腺乳头状癌内钙化分布的特点分析。方法:回顾分析本院于2019年6月—2020年6月收治的甲状腺乳头状癌患者共38例,对其采用超声检测方式,观察并分析患者的超声分型、结节大小、钙化灶大小与钙化分布特点。结果:38例甲状腺乳头状癌患者中,根据病灶超声表现不同,分3种类型:其中Ⅰ型28例,癌结节大小为0.5~5.2 c m,平均(1.85±0.20)c m。Ⅱ型甲状腺乳头状癌患者7例,癌结节大小为0.4~4.8 cm,平均(1.46±0.16)cm。Ⅲ型3例,癌结节大小为0.6~1.9 cm,平均(1.21±0.14)cm。Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型超声分型的癌结节大小对比有统计学差异(P<0.05)。38例甲状腺乳头状癌患者中,根据钙化灶大小不同,其中粗钙化32例,微钙化4例,粗钙化和微钙化并存2例,具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。同时在38例甲状腺乳头状癌患者中,甲状腺乳头状癌中心钙化6例,中心及外周均未见明显钙化有5例,均匀钙化6例,外周钙化21例,具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:研究结果表示,超声下钙化分布对甲状腺乳头状癌的鉴别具有重要的意义,可结合其超声特点进一步提高诊断准确性。

钙化类型及分布特点与甲状腺癌的相关分析

目的:研究甲状腺结节的钙化类型与其分布特点,并探讨钙化类型及分布特点同甲状腺癌的关系。方法:选取2013年1月至2014年8月于我院行超声检查并经手术或穿刺病理证实的223例甲状腺结节患者,共240个结节,对其影像资料进行回顾性统计分析。结果:240个甲状腺结节中115个出现钙化,其中,发生钙化甲状腺恶性结节95个,良性结节20个,P<0.01,差异具有统计学意义。结节恶性钙化发生率最高的为微钙化(27.7%),其次为粗钙化(19.8%),P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。甲状腺恶性结节钙化以中央型分布(66.3%)最为常见,其次为混合型(21.1%),P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论:结节钙化及其分布与甲状腺癌密切相关,其中,微钙化是结节恶性的最为重要风险因素。

乳腺良性病变非弥漫分布钙化X线表现与病理相关性研究

目的研究乳腺X线非弥漫分布钙化在良性病变中的诊断价值。方法搜集行全数字化乳腺X线平片中出现钙化并经手术证实为良性病变者98例。对钙化在形态、分布、数目、直径、密集度、密度、钙化伴随情况、BI-RADS分类行统计分析。结果不同乳腺良性病变钙化在形态、分布、数目、BI-RADS分类上差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论乳腺X线平片以非弥漫分布钙化表现的良性病变可通过上述征象进行初步鉴别,为临床治疗提供诊断依据。

Distribution of Chemical Forms for Co, Cr, Ni and V in Typical Soils of China

Co, Ni, Cr and V in 25 typical soils of China were fractionated into exchangeable, carbonate bound (calcareous soils), Mn oxide bound, organically bound, amorphous Fe oxide bound, crystalline Fe oxide bound and residual forms using a seven-step sequential extraction procedure, so as to study the distribution of chemical forms of these metals as well as the effects of soil properties on the distribution. The results showed that most of soil Co, Ni, Cr and V were present in residual forms, and the distribution ratio averaged 48.2% for Co, 53.0% for Ni, 81.5% for Cr and 68.7% for V. The speciation of heavy metals was greatly influenced by soil physico-chemical properties and the chemistry of elements. The results also indicated that the recovery of metal elements by the sequential extraction procedure was satisfactory, with the relative difference between the sum of seven forms and the total content in soils averaging 9.5% for Co, 12.8% for Ni, 6.6% for Cr and 7.2% for V.

Experimental Study on Pore Distribution Characters and Convert Rate of CaO

During the reaction between calcium sorbents and SO2, calcium sorbents are first calcined and converted into CaO. CaO can be obtained by calcining Ca(OH)2or CaCO3. The porosity of the sorbent is increased because of calcination and is decreased because of sulfurization. In the calcination process H2O or CO2 is escaped from the particles and pores are formed in particles. The reaction or convert rate of CaO is influenced strongly by the pore structure characters. From Ca(OH)2 to CaO the escape velocity of H2O or its mass transfer is one of the key factors influencing the pore forming. During calcination process different healing velocity, different heating time and temperature were suggested. The temperature rising rate and calcining temperature play important role to the pore structure. The convert rates of CaO obtained through different calcining conditions were investigated experimentally. Some interesting results were showed that the calcium utilization of CaO particles is determined not only by the special surface area and total pore volume, but also by pore-size distribution. The main factor influencing the sulfation is the pore diameter distribution at lower sulfation temperature. For higher reaction temperature specific volume is the important reason. But pore-size distribution is strongly influenced by heat flux and temperature in the calcining process.