稀土离子Tb^(3+)与拟南芥钙调素相互作用的荧光光谱及分析应用

钙调素 (CaM)是一种普遍存在的钙受体蛋白 ,它调节了许多细胞生物学功能。钙调素分子有 4个金属结合位点 ,而植物钙调素Ⅰ ,Ⅱ ,Ⅲ位点不含酪氨酸残基 ,只有第 4位点含一个酪氨酸残基。与动物体不同的是 ,植物能表达多种功能不同的钙调素亚型。文章利用Tb3 +荧光探针 ,采用直接激发 ( 2 2 1nm)或敏化激发 ( 2 80nm)并测量 5 4 5nm处的荧光发射强度 ,研究拟南芥CaM与Tb3 +的结合作用及分析应用。直接激发 ( 2 2 1nm)Tb3 + CaM络合物时 ,Tb3 +的发光显著增强 ,这归因于CaM中配位基取代了Tb3 +的配位水分子 ,从而导致荧光速率常数增加。直接激发滴定曲线中 ,当cTb3+/cCaM <4时 ,荧光强度呈不断上升的直线 ,之后出现平台区 ,这与CaM只结合 4个钙离子的结论一致。而间接激发滴定曲线近似为S型 ,且荧光强度较弱 ;其中当cTb3+/cCaM≤ 2时 ,荧光强度增加较弱 ;当 2 <cTb3+/cCaM<4时 ,荧光强度增加较大 ,这是由于与Tb3 +配位的CaM的弱结合位点中的酪氨酸残基发生显著的能量传递之故。进一步根据两类滴定曲线均在cTb3+/cCaM=4时呈现明显转折点的事实 ,建立一种测定钙调素浓度的方法。此方法估测CaM浓度具有灵敏度 ,准确度较高 。

高压氧辅助他汀类药物治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床效果

目的:研究急性缺血性脑卒中患者采用高压氧辅助他汀类药物进行治疗的临床效果。方法:选取我院收治的获得临床确诊的急性缺血性脑卒中患者78例作为研究对象,采取随机数字表法分成对照组和治疗组,每组39例。对照组单纯采用高压氧方式进行治疗;治疗组采用高压氧辅助他汀类药物进行治疗。比较两组治疗总有效率、治疗前后内皮素-1、钙受体蛋白、血栓素B2三项指标水平的改善效果、不良反应情况、脑神经功能恢复时间和治疗总时间。结果:治疗组患者总有效率达到92.31%,高于对照组的71.79%;治疗前后内皮素-1、钙受体蛋白、血栓素B2三项指标水平的改善效果优于对照组;仅有2例不良反应,少于对照组的8例;脑神经功能恢复时间、治疗总时间均较对照组发生明显缩短(P<0.05)。结论:急性缺血性脑卒中患者采用高压氧辅助他汀类药物进行治疗,能够大幅度改善内皮素-1、钙受体蛋白、血栓素B2三项指标水平,缩短恢复和治疗时间,减少不良反应,使治疗效果得以提升。

Effects of continuous intermedin infusion on blood pressure and hemodynamic function in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Objective To examine the effects of exogenously administered intermedin （IMD,adrenomedullin-2） on arterial blood pressure,cardiac function and the cardiovascular IMD receptor system in spontaneously hypertensive rats （SHRs） as well as to investigate the associated mechanisms.Methods Thirteen week-old male rats were divided in Wistar Kyoto （WKY） group （n =12）,SHR group （n =12）,IMD group （SHRs infused with IMD 1-47 500 ng/kg per hour,n =12）,and ADM group （SHRs infused with adrenomedullin 500 ng/kg per hour,n =12）.Results A two-week continuous administration of low dose IMD 1-47 via mini-osmotic pumps markedly reduced blood pressure,the maximal rates of increase and decrease of left-ventricle pressure development （LV ± dp/dtmax）,left ventricular systolic pressure and heart rate in SHRs.Furthermore,IMD also inhibited protein over-expression of cardiovascular IMD receptors,myocardial Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins （RAMP1 and RAMP2）,aortic RAMP1,RAMP2,RAMP3,and calcitonin receptor-like receptor （CRLR）;suppressed up-regulation of aortic RAMP1,RAMP2,RAMP3 and CRLR gene expression; and markedly elevated the mRNA abundance of myocardial atrial natriuretic peptide （ANP） and myocardial brain natriuretic peptide （BNP）.Additionally,IMD 1-47 administration in SHRs increased aortic cAMP concentration and reduced myocardial cAMP concentration.Conclusion These findings support the speculation that IMD,as a cardiovascular active peptide,is involved in blood pressure reduction and cardiac function amelioration during hypertension.The mechanism underlying this effect may involve IMD binding of a receptor complex formed by RAMPs and CRLR,and consequential regulation of cAMP levels and other cardiovascular active factors,such as ANP and BNP.

Role of FK506-binding protein in Ca^(2+) spark regulation

The elementary Ca^2＋ release events, Ca2＋ sparks, has been found for a quarter of century. However, the molecular regulation of the spark generator, the ryanodine receptor （RyR） on the sarcoplasmic reticulum, remains obscure. Although each subunit of the RyR homotetramer has a site for FKS06-binding protein （FKBP）, the role of FKBPs in modifying RyR Ca^2＋ sparks has been debated for long. One of the reasons behind the controversy is that most previous studies detect spontaneous sparks, where the mixture with out-of-focus events and local wavelets prevents an accurate characterization of Ca^2＋ sparks. In the pre- sent study, we detected Ca^2＋ sparks triggered by single L-type Ca^2＋ channels （LCCs） under loose-seal patch clamp conditions in FKS06-treated or FKBPI2.6 knockout cardiomyocytes. We found that FKBP dissociation both by FKS06 and by rapamycin decreased the Ca^2＋ spark amplitude in ventricular cardiomyocytes. This change was neither due to decreased releasable Ca^2＋ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, nor explained by changed RyR sensitivity. Actually FKS06 increased the LCC-RyR coupling probability and curtailed the latency for an LCC to trigger a RyR Ca^2＋ spark. FKBP12.6 knockout had similar effects as FKS06/rapamycin treatment, indicating that the decreased spark amplitude was attributable to the dissociation of FKBP12.6 rather than FKBP12. We also explained how decreased amplitude of spontaneous sparks after FKBP dissociation sometimes appears to be increased or unchanged due to inappropriate data processing. Our results provided firm evidence that without the inter-RyR coordination by functional FKBP12.6, the RyR recruitment during a Ca^2＋ spark would be compromised despite the sensitization of individual RyRs.

Intermedin/adrenomedullin2: an autocrine/paracrine factor in vascular homeostasis and disease

Intermedin(IMD)or adrenomedullin 2 is a novel peptide related to the calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)family.Via calcitonin receptor-like receptor/receptor activity modifying proteins,the common receptor complexes of CGRP,IMD exerts a wide range of biological effects,especially regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis.Proteolytic processing of a larger IMD precursor yields a series of biologically active C-terminal fragments,IMD1–53,IMD1–47 and IMD8–47.IMD and its receptors are present in the cardiovascular system,and IMD is present at low levels in plasma.In the cardiovascular system,IMD has multiple functions such as regulation of blood pressure and cardiac function,pro-angiogenesis,endothelial barrier function protection,anti-oxidative stress,and anti-endoplasmic reticulum stress.IMD participates widely in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis,hypertension,pulmonary arterial hypertension and vascular calcification.It is a vascular regulatory factor of homeostasis and a vital endogenous protective factor against vascular diseases.

The role of TRPP2 in agonist-induced gallbladder smooth muscle contraction

TRPP2 channel protein belongs to the superfamily of transient receptor potential(TRP) channels and is widely expressed in various tissues, including smooth muscle in digestive gut. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that TRPP2 can mediate Ca^(2+) release from Ca^(2+) stores. However, the functional role of TRPP2 in gallbladder smooth muscle contraction still remains unclear. In this study, we used Ca^(2+) imaging and tension measurements to test agonist-induced intracellular Ca^(2+) concentration increase and smooth muscle contraction of guinea pig gallbladder, respectively. When TRPP2 protein was knocked down in gallbladder muscle strips from guinea pig, carbachol(CCh)-evoked Ca^(2+) release and extracellular Ca^(2+) influx were reduced significantly, and gallbladder contractions induced by endothelin 1 and cholecystokinin were suppressed markedly as well. CCh-induced gallbladder contraction was markedly suppressed by pretreatment with U73122, which inhibits phospholipase C to terminate inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor(IP3) production, and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate(2APB), which inhibits IP3 recepor(IP3R) to abolish IP3R-mediated Ca^(2+) release. To confirm the role of Ca^(2+) release in CCh-induced gallbladder contraction, we used thapsigargin(TG)-to deplete Ca^(2+) stores via inhibiting sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca^(2+)-ATPase and eliminate the role of store-operated Ca^(2+) entry on the CCh-induced gallbladder contraction. Preincubation with 2 μmol L^(-1) TG significantly decreased the CCh-induced gallbladder contraction. In addition, pretreatments with U73122, 2APB or TG abolished the difference of the CCh-induced gallbladder contraction between TRPP2 knockdown and control groups. We conclude that TRPP2 mediates Ca^(2+) release from intracellular Ca^(2+) stores, and has an essential role in agonist-induced gallbladder muscle contraction.