苹果果实软化与果胶含量、质膜透性和钙溶性的关系

以金冠、新红星、富士和碣石红苹果品种为试材，研究表明，在室温贮藏过程中，软化快的金冠、新红星果肉细胞的质膜透性和水溶性果胶含量显著增高，原果胶含量明显降低，而软化慢的富士和碣石红变化较小。果实中钙溶性以水溶性钙最多，贮藏期间，金冠、新红星苹果水溶性钙下降较为明显，其他溶性的钙含量无明显的变化，而富士、碣石红的钙溶性变化无明显的规律。

枸溶性钙镁肥对加工番茄钙、镁吸收及品质的影响

【目的】研究枸溶性钙镁肥对加工番茄果实钙、镁吸收及品质的影响,为石灰性土壤条件下枸溶性钙镁肥的施用提供理论依据。【方法】以加工番茄为材料,不施钙镁肥为对照(CK),设3个钙镁肥用量:450 kg/hm^(2)(C_(450))、900 kg/hm^(2)(C_(900))、1800 kg/hm^(2)(C_(1800))。测定果实的钙、镁含量、品质及脐腐病发生率,并对品质进行综合评价。【结果】施用枸溶性钙镁肥可显著促进果实对钙、镁元素的吸收,并提高吸收速率,降低脐腐病发生率。与对照相比,不同用量枸溶性钙镁肥均可提高单果重、颜色指数、果肉厚度、可溶性糖、VC含量并达到显著水平,硝酸盐含量显著降低。C_(1800)处理下果实的糖酸比、果肉厚度、VC含量最高,分别比CK高55.01%、29.51%、18.86%,硝酸盐含量最低,脐腐病发生率分别比CK、C_(450)、C_(900)处理减少了37.43%、19.11%、8.63%。【结论】在石灰性土壤中施用枸溶性钙镁肥可显著促进果实对钙、镁的吸收,降低脐腐病发生率,提高加工番茄品质,以施用量为1800 kg/hm^(2)的效果最优。

不溶性藻酸盐泡沫型一次性医用敷料在藏毛窦术开放性切口换药中的疗效观察

目的：探讨不溶性藻酸钙泡沫型一次性医用敷料在藏毛窦术开放性切口换药中的临床疗效。方法对23例藏毛窦患者在术后开放性切口换药中，根据创面大小剪取条形状不溶性藻酸钙泡沫型一次性医用敷料放置创口，外加无菌纱布覆盖，1～2次＆#183;d-1。术后使用抗生素5～7 d。结果23例患者术后48～96 h局部皮肤红肿、疼痛等症状消失，换药时患者疼痛减轻，创面渗液明显减少，住院20～25 d，均康复出院。结论在藏毛窦术开放性切口换药中应用不溶性藻酸钙泡沫型一次性医用敷料，可明显缩短创面愈合时间，且无明显的不良反应，是一种疗效好、安全性高的创口敷料。

克炼减渣中钙化合物的特点

:用过滤、溶剂抽提、水抽提法将克炼减渣中钙化合物分为二甲苯不溶性钙、水溶性钙和油溶性钙 ,用氧化铝吸附柱色谱将水抽提后渣油分为若干组分 ,并测定了钙在上述分离过程中的分布。结果表明 ,克炼减渣中二甲苯不溶性钙占 1 .6% ,水溶性钙占 61 .4% ,油溶性钙占 37.0 % ;柱色谱分离过程中绝大多数有机钙残留在吸附柱上 ,且滞留量随氧化铝含水量的增加而增大 。

不同栽培基质对‘寒富’苹果树体钙形态及分布的影响

通过对不同栽培基质‘寒富’苹果树体不同部位不同组分钙的含量测定,结果表明:果胶钙与草酸钙一样,在韧皮部中作为果树钙素的重要储存形式,而且栽培基质可以影响钙在不同部位韧皮部中的储存形式,壤土基质的树体中果胶钙在2a生韧皮部中占绝对优势,草酸钙在1a生韧皮部中含量较高,而另外两种基质则相反。

长春市公园草坪土壤钙素垂直分布特征

公园绿地是城市绿地的重要组成部分,为研究公园草坪土壤钙素分布特征,以长春市公园草坪土壤为研究对象,测定研究区域内7个公园草坪土壤的全钙、交换性钙、酸溶性钙、有机质含量、土壤酸碱度(pH),分析城市公园草坪土壤钙素垂直分布特征及其相关性。结果表明:1)城市公园草坪土壤中全钙、交换性钙及酸溶性钙的含量伴随土层加深呈增长趋势;2)土壤全钙与交换性钙、酸溶性钙在各土层均表现为显著相关(P<0.05);3)土层土壤pH伴随土层加深呈逐渐减少趋势,与土壤全钙、酸溶性钙、交换性钙含量呈负相关关系;4)土壤有机质含量伴随土层加深呈逐渐减少趋势,与土壤全钙、酸溶性钙、交换性钙含量呈正相关关系。分析城市公园草坪土壤发育与肥力的状况,可以揭示在城市化进程中城市公园草坪绿地土壤钙含量的分布特点,从而为公园自然绿地的保护和人工绿地的管理提供参考依据。

Effects of Peracetic Acid(PAA) Combined with Calcium Treatments on Storage Quality of Loquat Fruit

[Objective] The paper was to evaluate effects of peracetic acid （PAA） combined with calcium treatments on storage quality of Ioquat fruits, so as to pro- vide practical techniques to solve the problems of postharvest rot and quality deteri- oration for Ioquat fruits. [Method] With Ioquat fruits of Qingzhong variety as materi- als, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% PAA combined with 0.8% CaCI2 was used to soak Ioquat fruits for 4 min, 0.8% CaCl2 and water treatments were set as two controls; the fruits were dried and packaged by 0.02 mm PE bags, then stored under non-chilling low temperature of （7±1） ℃. The indicators related to storage quality of Ioquat fruits were randomly tested once every 3 d, and their variation situations were analyzed. [Result] Compared with two control treatments and 0.2% PAA, 0.8% PAA combined with calcium treatments, the treatment of 0.4% PAA combined with 0.8% CaCl2 could significantly inhibit rot index, weight loss rate, firmness and cell membrane permeability of Ioquat fruits during storage period, which could also effectively delay the reduction of titratable acid, vitamin C, soluble solid content and juice yield, and maintain respiration intensity of fruits at a low level; the appearance and flavor qual- ity of fruits were good after stored for 25 d. [Conclusion] 0.4% PAA combined with 0.8% CaCl2 treatment is an efficient, safe and economical practice technology in an- ti-corrosion and quality preservation for postharvest Ioquat fruits .

Photocatalytic Degradation of Water-Soluble Dyes by LaCoO_3

Pervoskite type oxides LaCoO 3 was prepared by citrate method with the granula of 20 nm-30 nm. With a fluorescent Hg lamp or sunlight as irradiator, the degradation experiments of various water soluble dyes were carried out in the suspension system of LaCoO 3 . The results show that the pervoskite type oxide LaCoO 3 has good photocatalytic activity.Studied by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectra, its photocatalytic activity is found to be related with factors such as the d electron structure of ion Co 3+ ,Co—O binding energy and adsorbed oxygen on the surface etc.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Water-Soluble Dyes by LaCoO3

Pervoskite type oxides LaCoO 3 was prepared by citrate method with the granula of 20 nm-30 nm. With a fluorescent Hg lamp or sunlight as irradiator, the degradation experiments of various water soluble dyes were carried out in the suspension system of LaCoO 3 . The results show that the pervoskite type oxide LaCoO 3 has good photocatalytic activity.Studied by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectra, its photocatalytic activity is found to be related with factors such as the d electron structure of ion Co 3+ ,Co—O binding energy and adsorbed oxygen on the surface etc.

SERUM SOLUBLE E—CADHERIN LEVEL IN PATIENTS WITH ENDOMETRIOSIS

Objective.To investigate the serum sE cadherin level in patients with endometriosis and the alterations of that level in healthy control during the menstrual cycle.Methods.Thirty two patients with endometriosis and 30 healthy women were tested for serum sE cadherin levels by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results.The serum sE cadherin levels in healthy control did not vary throughout the menstrual cycle,which were lower than those in patients with endometriosis.Conclusions.E cadherin might be involved in endometrial shedding during menstruation in endometriosis patients.The serum sE cadherin assay might be helpful as a serum marker for the diagnosis and management of endometriosis.

Competitive adsorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions by Ca-alginate immobilized activated carbon and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

To establish a theoretical foundation for simultaneous removal of multi-heavy metals,the adsorption of Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） ions from their single and binary systems by Ca-alginate immobilized activated carbon and Saccharomyces cerevisiae （CAS） was investigated.The CAS beads were characterized by Scanning electron microscope （SEM） and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy （FTTR）.The effect of initial pH,adsorbent dosage,contact time and initial metal ions concentration on the adsorption process was systematically investigated.The experimental maximum contents of Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） uptake capacity were determined as 64.90 and 166.31 mg/g,respectively.The pseudo-second-order rate equation and Langmuir isotherm model could explain respectively the kinetic and isotherm experimental data of Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） ions in single-component systems with much satisfaction.The experimental adsorption data of Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） ions in binary system were best described by the extended Freundlich isotherm and the extended Langmuir isotherm,respectively.The removal of Cu（lⅡ） ions was more significantly influenced by the presence of the coexistent Pb（Ⅱ） species,while the Pb（Ⅱ） removal was affected slightly by varying the initial concentration of Cu（Ⅱ）.The CAS was successfully regenerated using 1 mol/L HNO3 solution.

Synthesis of Foliar Fertilizer and Ca-S-Si Compound Fertilizer from Titanium-bearing Blast Furnace Slag

With titanium-bearing blast furnace slag, ammonium sulfate, citric acid and potassium carbonate as raw materials to produce foliar fertilizer and Ca-S-Si compound fertilizer by means of heating process for the first time, which improved the solubility of the slag and converted the nutritional elements into such ones which are prone to be absorbed by plants. The effects of process conditions on dissolution rate of titanium were mainly analyzed through the orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimum synthesis process conditions of foliar fertilizer from the slag were 360 ℃ for 35 min, the mass ratio of ammonium sulfate and titanium-bearing blast furnace slag was 8：1. Under these conditions more than 80% of iron, titanium, magnesium and part of silicon in titanium-bearing blast furnace slag converted into water-soluble substances and existing in foliar fertilizer. Foliar fertilizer contained nitrogen, sulfur, potassium, iron, titanium, magnesium and silicon, and pH value of foliar fertilizer was 6. Ca-S-Si compound fertilizer mainly contained calcium silicate and calcium sulfate, which existed in the form of citric acid-soluble substance and slightly soluble substance, respectively.

Effects of Phosphate Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Eleocharis dulcis

The effects of different application levels and species of phosphatic fertilizer on Eleocharis dulcis were studied. The results showed that the growth stage of Eleocharis dulcis was not significantly influenced by different levels of phosphatic fertilizer application, with phosphorus level in 195-375 kg/hm^2. With increasing of the phosphorus level, starch and total soluble sugar accumulated, but the yield was not improved significantly. The analysis on the economic benefits showed that the best phosphorus level was 195 kg/hm^2. The growth stage and yield of Eleocharis dulcis were not considerably influenced by different proportions of calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. With increasing of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, big-fruit rate of Eleocharis dulcis kept growing, but the accumulations of starch and total soluble sugar were decreasing.

The Effects of Calcium Chloride and Ascorbic Acid Treatment on Ready-to-use Carrot Shreds

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of calcium and ascorbic acid treatments on the quality of carrot shreds during storage. Towards this aim, carrot shreds were dipped into a 5 L solution of 2 g/L ascorbic acid containing 1%, 3%, or 5% CaCI2 （Ca ＋ AA） for 3 min at room temperature （-20 ℃）. In case of the control group （control, C）, samples were dipped into distilled water for the same time interval. Subsequent to treatment, carrot shreds were stored in a cold room at 5 ± 1 ℃, 85-90% RH for a period of 11 days. Color values （L＊, a＊ b＊）, whiteness index, saturation index, hue angle values, visual quality, firmness scores, bitterness scores, total soluble solids （TSS） and electrolyte leakage measurements were conducted at various sampling dates. The results from this study demonstrated that brightness of carrot shreds was augmented by calcium and ascorbic acid treatments irrespective of the dosage used. Whiteness index values for the 5% Ca ＋ AA treated samples were observed to be low whereas saturation indices of 5% Ca ＋ AA and 3% Ca ＋ AA treated carrot shreds were higher as compared to other treatments. This study concludes that treatment with calcium at high doses improves the color quality of carrot shreds under storage conditions. Visual quality and firmness of carrot shreds was maintained till day 4 of storage, thereafter it declined as compared to the control group, Bitterness of carrot shreds was also observed to increase upon treatment with calcium and ascorbic acid. However, calcium treatment of the test carrot shreds was seen to decrease weight loss and cause an increase in the TSS under storage conditions.

Relationship between Ponkan Mandarin Fruit Quality and Nutrient Concentrations

Five age groups of trees were carried out in order to study relationships between the deterioration of Ponkan mandarin fruit quality and changes in tissues nutrient concentrations with tree age.Fruit quality and nutrient concentrations in fruits and leaves were measured.Comprehensive fruit quality decreased in the order:5-year-old > 13-year-old > 38-year-old > 8-year-old >18-year-old.In 18-year-old trees,calcium(Ca) concentrations of fruit and leaf were lower,while potassium(K) and boron(B) concentrations of fruit and magnesium(Mg) and manganese(Mn) concentrations of leaf were higher.Negative relationships were observed between fruit total soluble solids and leaf B,while positive relationships were observed between fruit total soluble solids and leaf and fruit Ca concentrations,and between titratable acidity and leaf Mn.Fruit quality decreasing with tree age most likely resulted from an imbalance of high K,Mg and B but lower Ca concentrations in leaves and fruits.

Effect of concomitant anti-solvent engineering on perovskite grain growth and its high efficiency solar cells

The grain boundaries and interface properties in the active layers of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are important factors affecting the performances of the devices.In this work,a simple and fast concomitant annealing process is established by inducing the secondary growth of the grains using the anti-solvent o-dichlorobenzene(o-PhCl2)or chlorobenzene(PhCl)to suppress the volatilization of solvent molecules during the FA0.80MA0.15Cs0.05Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3(FA,CH5N2+,formamidine;MA,CH3NH3+,methylamine)film annealing procedure.The effects of anti-solvent molecules on the phase transformation,grain boundary fusion and morphology evolution of perovskite films are systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results indicate that anti-solvent molecules can inhibit solvent evaporation in the active layers and promote crystallite dissolution and ordered secondary growth along the surfaces of large grains.That can promote the formation of large grains and the passivation of surface defects,and can be favorable for the separation and transportation of photocarriers in the active layer.Consequently,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of PSCs can be effectively improved,with a PCE of 20.72%being achieved by a secondary growth perovskite film optimized with o-PhCl2.Moreover,the efficiency remains at 85%of its initial value after 2400 h of treatment in a natural indoor environment with a relative humidity of 45±5%.

Facial synthesis of highly stable and bright CsPbX(X=Cl,Br,I)perovskite nanocrystals via an anion exchange at the water-oil interface

Cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)have attracted unprecedented attention owing to their compelling properties for optoelectronic applications.Compared with the classical hot-injection method,the roomtemperature(RT)synthetic strategy is more facile and tender,but it is hard to obtain stable CsPbI3 NCs and it usually uses polar solvents that sometimes reduce the stability and properties of NCs.Here,we reported a simple approach to synthesize highly efficient and stable CsPbI3 as well as other colortunable CsPbX3 NCs with high quantum efficiency at room temperature via an anion exchange at the water-oil interface,in which the as-synthesized pristine CsPbBr3 NCs in toluene were treated in aqueous solutions of HX(X=Cl,Br,and I)and protonated oleylamine(OAm)acted as a carrier.The synthesized CsPbI3 NCs had an emission at 680 nm and even showed excellent colloidal stability after being stored for 32 d.The high efficiency and stability of the obtained CsPbX3 NCs were ascribed to the facts that:(ⅰ)the polar reagents were almost removed from the surface of NCs;(ⅱ)the defect-related nonradiative recombination was suppressed efficiently by surface passivation.