焙烧温度与碳结构对钙碳球团抗压强度的影响

电弧法生产电石的过程中,原料应具备一定的强度,保证产物一氧化碳顺利通过。为了提升两步法中钙碳球团的抗压强度,以混合均匀的氧化钙和贫瘦煤为原料,通过嵌样机在压力为8MPa、时长为1min条件下压制直径为15mm、质量为2.5g的钙碳球团,在温度为350-750℃时进行了焙烧,研究了在不同焙烧温度下碳结构对钙碳球团抗压强度的影响。结果表明:当温度为350-<550℃时,煤发生分解和解聚反应,半焦缺陷碳结构相对数量增加,抗压强度随着温度的升高而减小;温度为550-<650℃时,煤固化收缩成半焦,导致抗压强度升高,达到最大值为59.9kPa;温度为650-750℃时,半焦发生缩聚反应,缺陷结构向有序性发展,发生石墨化,导致抗压强度降低。

反应型焦生产技术研究现状及展望

为解决半焦粉难以高效高值化利用的难题,将半焦粉成型处理得到反应型焦,分析反应型焦生产技术,论述了成型所需黏结剂、成型工艺以及成型设备等多技术集成和匹配,提出了该工艺存在问题以及今后的发展方向。反应型焦的制备原料是难以大规模利用的半焦粉,因此能有效解决粉煤热解提质产生大量粉末的问题,实现小于5 mm半焦粉的高效高附加值利用。反应型焦可直接用来生产电石、参与炼铁和硅铁的化学反应,使反应物原位接触,热质传递面积大,有效提高了反应速率,实现原料的循环利用,并结合接触黏合和粒度级配技术,在使用较少黏结剂的情况下能得到强度较高的反应型焦,减少成本。反应型焦生产技术将成型工艺和电石、硅铁、炼铁等工艺相结合,能有效改善电石、炼铁、硅铁等工艺,提高反应速率,节省能耗。

Preparation of potassium salt with joint production of spherical calcium carbonate from sintering dust

Several physical and chemical detection methods were used to study the basic properties of sintering dust （ESP dust） collected from Baogang Steel Corporation. The result shows that the major constituents of the ESP dust are KCl, NaCl, Fe2O_3 and Fe3O_4. Water leaching experiment on the sintering dust shows that KCl in the ESP dust can be separated and recovered by water leaching and fractional crystallization. Component analysis of leaching solution indicates that the massive calcium sulfate in the leaching solution should be removed first in order to obtain the pure potassium salt. In order to provide theoretical guidance to inhibit the dissolution of calcium ions from the sintering dust, the water leaching experiment of ESP dust and the dissolution behavior of CaSO_4 in the potassium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium sulfate and their mixed salt solution were studied. It is found that, a lower liquid-solid ratio should be chosen in the leaching process to inhibit the dissolution of calcium sulfate dehydrate. Using sodium carbonate solution as a precipitating agent, the influences of the concentration of sodium carbonate solution, reaction temperature, stirring speed and equilibrium time on the preparation of the spherical calcium carbonate were studied. Spherical calcium carbonate with good dispersing performance and grain size distribution in nanometer range of less than 10 μm was obtained. Furthermore, a potassium recovery process with joint production of spherical calcium carbonate was designed. This process is technically viable and considerable in economic benefit.

Mechanochemical preparation and application of graphdiyne coupled with CdSe nanoparticles for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production

Graphdiyne(GDY)has attracted considerable attention as a new two-dimensional(2D)carbon hybrid material because of its good conductivity,adjustable electronic structure,and special electron transfer enhancement properties.GDY has great potential in the field of photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen evolution,owing to its unique properties.In this study,GDY was successfully prepared by the mechanochemical coupling of precursors C_(6)Br_(6) and CaC_(2) using a ball-milling approach.The prepared GDY,especially its microstructure and composition,was well characterized using different techniques such as X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier-transform infrared,and Raman characterization techniques.By exploiting the unique two-dimensional(2D)structure and outstanding light absorption properties of GDY,GDY/CdSe 2D/0D heterojunctions were successfully established and applied to photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.The hydrogen evolution activity of GDY/CdSe-20,a type of composite material,reached 6470μmol g^(-1) h^(-1),which is 461 and 40 times higher than that of GDY and CdSe,respectively.Moreover,the fine electrical conductivity of GDY enabled rapid and effective transfer of the photogenerated electrons in CdSe into the hydrogen evolution reaction.The transfer path of the photogenerated electrons was studied through XPS with in situ irradiation,and a reasonable mechanism for the hydrogen evolution reaction was proposed.This study provides a feasible approach for the large-scale preparation of GDY and demonstrates the prospects of GDY in the field of photocatalysis.

A micro-sphere catalyst complex with nano CaCO_3 precursor for hydrogen production used in ReSER process

This paper describes the preparation and evaluation of a micro-sphere catalytic complex for the hydrogen production in a Reactive Sorption Enhanced Reforming （ReSER） process. The catalytic complex made by a spray technique has a dual function containing Ni as a catalytic material and CaO as an adsorption material used in the ReSER process. The attrition characteristics of the catalytic complex are acceptable for the commercial used. The nano GaCO3 material used as a precursor of CaO showed a desirable durability with a CO2 sorption capacity of 0.6 mol CO2/kg after 10 repeating cycles under the carbonation temperature of 600 ℃, a CO2 partial pressure of 0.02 MPa, and a calcination temperature of 750 ℃ in N2 measured by a thermal gravimetric analyzer. The testing of the catalytic complex for ReSER showed a hydrogen yield of over 95 % （v/v） in the laboratory fixed fluidized bed reactor. The catalytic system has an attractive prospect in the ReSER process for hydrogen production, especially in the fluidized mode where reactor and regenerator combined in a cycling process.

Symmetry-breaking assembled porous calcite microspheres and their multiple dental applications

Biomedical applications of porous calcium car- bonate （CaCO3） microspheres have been mainly restricted by their aqueous instability and low remineralization rate. To overcome these obstacles, a novel symmetry-breaking assembled porous calcite microsphere （PCMS） was con- structed in an ethanol/water mixed system using a two-step vapor-diffusion/aging crystallization strategy. In contrast to the conventional additive-induced crystallization method, the present strategy was performed under mild conditions and was free from any foreign additives, thus avoiding the potential contamination of the final product. Meanwhile, the prepared PCMSs were characterized by their highly uniform spherical morphology and large open pores, which are fa- vorable for large protein delivery. An antimicrobial study of immunoglobulin Y （IgY）-loaded PCMSs revealed excellent antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans. More importantly, they showed surprisingly rapid transformation to bone minerals in physiological medium. Evaluation of the in vitro efficacy of PCMSs in dentinal tubule occlusion demonstrated their powerful potential to serve as a catalyst in the repair of dental hard tissue. Therefore, the developed PCMSs show great promise as multifunctional biomaterials for dental treatment applications.