采用平板稀释法研究了微波处理对钙质土壤放线菌分离效果的影响。结果表明：①微波处理对提高放线菌出菌率有促进作用。在高氏1号培养基（GA）上,4种供试土壤经微波处理后放线菌总数较对照增加99.5%～234.1%,微波处理效应均达到极显著...采用平板稀释法研究了微波处理对钙质土壤放线菌分离效果的影响。结果表明：①微波处理对提高放线菌出菌率有促进作用。在高氏1号培养基（GA）上,4种供试土壤经微波处理后放线菌总数较对照增加99.5%～234.1%,微波处理效应均达到极显著水平（P〈0.01）;链霉菌数较对照增加58.3%～377.7%,除3号土样外,微波处理效应均达到极显著水平（P〈0.01）;未鉴定放线菌较对照增加96.7%～304.8%,处理与对照的差异均达到显著水平（P〈0.05）;②不同培养基上的微波处理效应不同。GA培养基上的微波处理效应（Effect of Microwave Irradiation,EMI）最强,放线菌总数及未鉴定属放线菌的微波处理效应均表现为GA〉GA-Ca,GA培养基上放线菌总数的EMI较GA-Ca培养基提高26.4%～120.9%;③风干土样的微波处理效应大于湿土样。展开更多
古土壤形成于过去环境,是揭示环境变化历史的重要材料。新近纪(23.03 M a)以前形成的古土壤,年代久远、埋藏深、受成岩作用改造强烈,其发生学特征研究是古环境重建的基础。本文通过对白垩纪时期不同地点的钙质古土壤的发生学研究,拟恢...古土壤形成于过去环境,是揭示环境变化历史的重要材料。新近纪(23.03 M a)以前形成的古土壤,年代久远、埋藏深、受成岩作用改造强烈,其发生学特征研究是古环境重建的基础。本文通过对白垩纪时期不同地点的钙质古土壤的发生学研究,拟恢复研究区域古环境。研究表明,古土壤剖面中的A层和B层形态分别产生变化,但层次差异依然明显,且表层土壤有机质含量一般高于表下层,钙积层(Bk)普遍发生并富含碳酸盐结核。可以观察到古土壤中方解石沿根孔淀积特征以及具滑擦面。钙质古土壤质地偏粗,为壤质砂土和砂质壤土。古土壤Bk层中的Ca、Mn、Sr相对富集,其余常量元素与Ba、Sc、Nb、Th、U、Cr、V、Co、N i等元素降低;δCe和δEu负异常以及相对富集重稀土元素。分别按照中国土壤分类系统和美国土壤系统分类两种分类体系进行了古土壤分类。由古土壤类型和特征可以推断白垩纪不同时期,在四川盆地梓潼—巴中地区、辽宁金岭寺—羊山盆地和松辽盆地出现过半湿润至半干旱的气候环境。展开更多
This paper deals with the development of a sequential extraction method to separate the Ca-bound and Fe-and Al-bound humus from soils.First,comparative analyses were carried out on dissolution of synthetic organo-mine...This paper deals with the development of a sequential extraction method to separate the Ca-bound and Fe-and Al-bound humus from soils.First,comparative analyses were carried out on dissolution of synthetic organo-mineral complexes by different extractants,i.e.0.1M Na4P2O7,0.1M NaOH+0.1M Na4P2O7 mixture,0.1M NaOH,0.5M (NaPO3)6 and 0.5M neutral Na2SO4.Among the five extractants,0.1M NaOH+0.1M Na4P2O7 mixture was the most efficient in extracting humus from various complexes.0.5M Na2SO4 had a better specificity to Ca than 0.5M (NaPO3)6,by only extracting Ca-bound humus without destorying Fe-and Al-bound organo-mineral complexes.Then sequential extractions first with 0.5M Na2SO4 and then with 0.1M NaOH+0.1M Na4P2O7 mixture were applied to a series of soil samples with different degrees of base saturation.The cations were dominated by Ca in the 0.5M Na2SO4 extract and by Al in the 0.1M NaOH+0.1M Na4P2O7 mixture.The sequential extraction method can efficiently separate or isolate Ca-bound and Fe-and Al-bound humus from each other.展开更多
The experimental orchard on calcareous soils in the Tikves region has been established in 1999, in order to investigate the influence of the rootstocks on the behaviour of the peach trees. In the experiment we evaluat...The experimental orchard on calcareous soils in the Tikves region has been established in 1999, in order to investigate the influence of the rootstocks on the behaviour of the peach trees. In the experiment we evaluated next rootstocks： Nemaguard （Prunus persica × Prunus davidiana）, seedlings of GF 677 （Prunus persica ×Prunus amygdalus）, hybrids BMVA 1, BMVA 2, VAF 215 and Autochthones type and GF 677 （Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus） clonal. As control rootstocks in our experiment was used seedlings from vineyard peach （Prunus persica）. The experiment was established with one year old trees from Redhaven variety. Agronomical characteristics （vegetative growth, occurrence of leaf chlorosis, tree mortality, yield, productivity and fruit quality） of the trees on different rootstocks have been measured over a twelve-year period （1999-2010）. Significant differences on the level of P 〈 0.05 have been observed on vigour of the trees. The most vigorous trees were those on GF 677 clonal, GF 677 seedling and BMVA 2. The trees on Vineyard peach and Nemaguard was the weakest ones. The highest cumulative yield was recorded on GF-677 clonal rootstock, and the lowest on Nemaguard. Occurrence of chlorosis was the highest at Vineyard peach, Nemaguard and Autochthones hybrid, GF 677 clonal was the only rootstock without iron chlorosis. The percent of tree mortality to twelfth year was the highest at Autochthones hybrid （33.3）, and at GF 677 clonal and BMVA 1 had not tree mortality.展开更多
Fourteen soil properties in 17 sampling sites were analyzed to study the soil degradation in a magnesite mining area in Halcheng City, Northeast China. Such areas have hitherto received little attention. The current p...Fourteen soil properties in 17 sampling sites were analyzed to study the soil degradation in a magnesite mining area in Halcheng City, Northeast China. Such areas have hitherto received little attention. The current practices of magnesite mining in this area resulted in degradation of soil quality and specifically led to an increase in soil pH, the ratio of magnesium to calcium, bulk density, clay dispersibility, total magnesium and equivalent calcium carbonate and a decrease in surface soil porosity and available phosphorous. The soil quality in the areas affected by intensive mining activity was obviously worse than that of areas far away from the mine. Four factors were identified and ＂magnesium factor＂, ＂pH factor＂ and ＂fertility factor＂, involving 13 soil properties, explained 82~0 of the total variance in the entire data set. Discriminant analysis showed that the total magnesium, water-soluble calcium and available phosphorous were the most sensitive indicators for soil quality.展开更多
文摘采用平板稀释法研究了微波处理对钙质土壤放线菌分离效果的影响。结果表明：①微波处理对提高放线菌出菌率有促进作用。在高氏1号培养基（GA）上,4种供试土壤经微波处理后放线菌总数较对照增加99.5%～234.1%,微波处理效应均达到极显著水平（P〈0.01）;链霉菌数较对照增加58.3%～377.7%,除3号土样外,微波处理效应均达到极显著水平（P〈0.01）;未鉴定放线菌较对照增加96.7%～304.8%,处理与对照的差异均达到显著水平（P〈0.05）;②不同培养基上的微波处理效应不同。GA培养基上的微波处理效应（Effect of Microwave Irradiation,EMI）最强,放线菌总数及未鉴定属放线菌的微波处理效应均表现为GA〉GA-Ca,GA培养基上放线菌总数的EMI较GA-Ca培养基提高26.4%～120.9%;③风干土样的微波处理效应大于湿土样。
文摘古土壤形成于过去环境,是揭示环境变化历史的重要材料。新近纪(23.03 M a)以前形成的古土壤,年代久远、埋藏深、受成岩作用改造强烈,其发生学特征研究是古环境重建的基础。本文通过对白垩纪时期不同地点的钙质古土壤的发生学研究,拟恢复研究区域古环境。研究表明,古土壤剖面中的A层和B层形态分别产生变化,但层次差异依然明显,且表层土壤有机质含量一般高于表下层,钙积层(Bk)普遍发生并富含碳酸盐结核。可以观察到古土壤中方解石沿根孔淀积特征以及具滑擦面。钙质古土壤质地偏粗,为壤质砂土和砂质壤土。古土壤Bk层中的Ca、Mn、Sr相对富集,其余常量元素与Ba、Sc、Nb、Th、U、Cr、V、Co、N i等元素降低;δCe和δEu负异常以及相对富集重稀土元素。分别按照中国土壤分类系统和美国土壤系统分类两种分类体系进行了古土壤分类。由古土壤类型和特征可以推断白垩纪不同时期,在四川盆地梓潼—巴中地区、辽宁金岭寺—羊山盆地和松辽盆地出现过半湿润至半干旱的气候环境。
文摘This paper deals with the development of a sequential extraction method to separate the Ca-bound and Fe-and Al-bound humus from soils.First,comparative analyses were carried out on dissolution of synthetic organo-mineral complexes by different extractants,i.e.0.1M Na4P2O7,0.1M NaOH+0.1M Na4P2O7 mixture,0.1M NaOH,0.5M (NaPO3)6 and 0.5M neutral Na2SO4.Among the five extractants,0.1M NaOH+0.1M Na4P2O7 mixture was the most efficient in extracting humus from various complexes.0.5M Na2SO4 had a better specificity to Ca than 0.5M (NaPO3)6,by only extracting Ca-bound humus without destorying Fe-and Al-bound organo-mineral complexes.Then sequential extractions first with 0.5M Na2SO4 and then with 0.1M NaOH+0.1M Na4P2O7 mixture were applied to a series of soil samples with different degrees of base saturation.The cations were dominated by Ca in the 0.5M Na2SO4 extract and by Al in the 0.1M NaOH+0.1M Na4P2O7 mixture.The sequential extraction method can efficiently separate or isolate Ca-bound and Fe-and Al-bound humus from each other.
文摘The experimental orchard on calcareous soils in the Tikves region has been established in 1999, in order to investigate the influence of the rootstocks on the behaviour of the peach trees. In the experiment we evaluated next rootstocks： Nemaguard （Prunus persica × Prunus davidiana）, seedlings of GF 677 （Prunus persica ×Prunus amygdalus）, hybrids BMVA 1, BMVA 2, VAF 215 and Autochthones type and GF 677 （Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus） clonal. As control rootstocks in our experiment was used seedlings from vineyard peach （Prunus persica）. The experiment was established with one year old trees from Redhaven variety. Agronomical characteristics （vegetative growth, occurrence of leaf chlorosis, tree mortality, yield, productivity and fruit quality） of the trees on different rootstocks have been measured over a twelve-year period （1999-2010）. Significant differences on the level of P 〈 0.05 have been observed on vigour of the trees. The most vigorous trees were those on GF 677 clonal, GF 677 seedling and BMVA 2. The trees on Vineyard peach and Nemaguard was the weakest ones. The highest cumulative yield was recorded on GF-677 clonal rootstock, and the lowest on Nemaguard. Occurrence of chlorosis was the highest at Vineyard peach, Nemaguard and Autochthones hybrid, GF 677 clonal was the only rootstock without iron chlorosis. The percent of tree mortality to twelfth year was the highest at Autochthones hybrid （33.3）, and at GF 677 clonal and BMVA 1 had not tree mortality.
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovative Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-446)the National NaturalScience Foundation of China (No. 40930739)+1 种基金the Key Program of Action Plan for Revitalizing Northeast China with Science andTechnology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. DB2X-2-027)the National Environmental Protection Commonwealth Projectof China (No. 200809047)
文摘Fourteen soil properties in 17 sampling sites were analyzed to study the soil degradation in a magnesite mining area in Halcheng City, Northeast China. Such areas have hitherto received little attention. The current practices of magnesite mining in this area resulted in degradation of soil quality and specifically led to an increase in soil pH, the ratio of magnesium to calcium, bulk density, clay dispersibility, total magnesium and equivalent calcium carbonate and a decrease in surface soil porosity and available phosphorous. The soil quality in the areas affected by intensive mining activity was obviously worse than that of areas far away from the mine. Four factors were identified and ＂magnesium factor＂, ＂pH factor＂ and ＂fertility factor＂, involving 13 soil properties, explained 82~0 of the total variance in the entire data set. Discriminant analysis showed that the total magnesium, water-soluble calcium and available phosphorous were the most sensitive indicators for soil quality.
