Neomysis awatschensis was collected on the west coast of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao in 1992 and acclimated in the laboratory conditions. The acute toxicity method using 4~ 6 day juvenile mysid of this species is studied. T...Neomysis awatschensis was collected on the west coast of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao in 1992 and acclimated in the laboratory conditions. The acute toxicity method using 4~ 6 day juvenile mysid of this species is studied. The species is compared with M. bahia in taxonomy, geographic distribution, morphology, as well as the sensitivity to reference toxins. Based on the results, we recommend N. awatschensis to be a standard marine organism for toxicity test in China and the method to be applied in toxicity evaluation of drilling fluids. In this paper, we report the results of the above studies and the application of the method in the evaluation of several drilling fluid products.展开更多
Drilling fluids and mud additives are generally acknowledged as potential sources of contamination in deep drilling programs, as they may contain high concentration of nutrients for subsurface microorganisms. Microorg...Drilling fluids and mud additives are generally acknowledged as potential sources of contamination in deep drilling programs, as they may contain high concentration of nutrients for subsurface microorganisms. Microorganisms introduced into drilling process cause a number of problems that can lead to significant costs for the industry. Numerous studies have shown that biogenic sulfide production in oil and natural gas fields have led to a number of problems, including reservoir plugging, reservoir souring, reduced product quality, and corrosion of metal-containing equipment. The aim of this study is to determine the microbial contamination of water drilling mud and cement Mix fluid at two Saudi Aramco well SA-10 ＆ SA-12 and to adequately perform microbial assessment for the well both wells. Microbiological analyses were conducted to evaluate the level of contamination by TB （total bacterial） and SRB （sulfate reducing bacteria） using and q-PCR （quantitative poly chain reaction） technique. Microbial results for SA-10 indicated that total bacteria were 2.21 × 103/mL for mix fluid sample and 1.22 × 105/mL for drilling water sample. In addition, microbial results for total SRB were 1.65 × 102/mL and 1.34 × 102 mL, respectively. Moreover, microbial results for SA-12 indicated 5.89 × 105/mL of total bacteria and 98/mL of SRB in the sample.展开更多
Solid–liquid separation is a vital step in drilling sludge disposal, and the filterability and settleability of drilling sludge are the main evaluating indicators for the separation process. The influence of Na^+,K^+...Solid–liquid separation is a vital step in drilling sludge disposal, and the filterability and settleability of drilling sludge are the main evaluating indicators for the separation process. The influence of Na^+,K^+,Mg^(2+),Ca^(2+),and Fe^(3+) on drilling sludge filterability and settleability was investigated in our research. The water content,filtration rate, supernatant volume and supernatant turbidity were measured to evaluate the filterability and settleability of drilling sludge. Meanwhile, the zeta potential, specific surface area of sludge flocs, particle size distribution and Fourier-transformed infrared spectra were employed to clarify the influencing mechanism.The experimental results showed that the filterability and settleability of drilling sludge were related to concentration and types of cations. Mg^(2+),Ca^(2+),and Fe^(3+) performed better than Na^+, K^+, and the cations with smaller hydrated radius got superior solid–liquid separation behavior at same valence. Finally, the spectra indicated that no chemical adsorption occurred between inorganic cations and drilling sludge flocs. The variation of surface charge and flocs growth after adding different inorganic cations were the reasons for the changes of the filterability and settleability.展开更多
基金The work is supported by National Basic Research Project No. 2001CB409709, NNSFC project (49906007, 39950001, 20177023, 40076030), CAS Innovation Project (KZCX2-206), Direct Project of CAS and Project of the Commission of Science, Shandong Province.
文摘Neomysis awatschensis was collected on the west coast of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao in 1992 and acclimated in the laboratory conditions. The acute toxicity method using 4~ 6 day juvenile mysid of this species is studied. The species is compared with M. bahia in taxonomy, geographic distribution, morphology, as well as the sensitivity to reference toxins. Based on the results, we recommend N. awatschensis to be a standard marine organism for toxicity test in China and the method to be applied in toxicity evaluation of drilling fluids. In this paper, we report the results of the above studies and the application of the method in the evaluation of several drilling fluid products.
文摘Drilling fluids and mud additives are generally acknowledged as potential sources of contamination in deep drilling programs, as they may contain high concentration of nutrients for subsurface microorganisms. Microorganisms introduced into drilling process cause a number of problems that can lead to significant costs for the industry. Numerous studies have shown that biogenic sulfide production in oil and natural gas fields have led to a number of problems, including reservoir plugging, reservoir souring, reduced product quality, and corrosion of metal-containing equipment. The aim of this study is to determine the microbial contamination of water drilling mud and cement Mix fluid at two Saudi Aramco well SA-10 ＆ SA-12 and to adequately perform microbial assessment for the well both wells. Microbiological analyses were conducted to evaluate the level of contamination by TB （total bacterial） and SRB （sulfate reducing bacteria） using and q-PCR （quantitative poly chain reaction） technique. Microbial results for SA-10 indicated that total bacteria were 2.21 × 103/mL for mix fluid sample and 1.22 × 105/mL for drilling water sample. In addition, microbial results for total SRB were 1.65 × 102/mL and 1.34 × 102 mL, respectively. Moreover, microbial results for SA-12 indicated 5.89 × 105/mL of total bacteria and 98/mL of SRB in the sample.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21376167)
文摘Solid–liquid separation is a vital step in drilling sludge disposal, and the filterability and settleability of drilling sludge are the main evaluating indicators for the separation process. The influence of Na^+,K^+,Mg^(2+),Ca^(2+),and Fe^(3+) on drilling sludge filterability and settleability was investigated in our research. The water content,filtration rate, supernatant volume and supernatant turbidity were measured to evaluate the filterability and settleability of drilling sludge. Meanwhile, the zeta potential, specific surface area of sludge flocs, particle size distribution and Fourier-transformed infrared spectra were employed to clarify the influencing mechanism.The experimental results showed that the filterability and settleability of drilling sludge were related to concentration and types of cations. Mg^(2+),Ca^(2+),and Fe^(3+) performed better than Na^+, K^+, and the cations with smaller hydrated radius got superior solid–liquid separation behavior at same valence. Finally, the spectra indicated that no chemical adsorption occurred between inorganic cations and drilling sludge flocs. The variation of surface charge and flocs growth after adding different inorganic cations were the reasons for the changes of the filterability and settleability.
