“观子户”还是“馆子户”——敦煌写本《索铁子牒》再探

学界对于敦煌所出《索铁子牒》的释读上有一些分歧,对于其中的"观子户"一词更是众说纷纭。本文整理了前辈学者的研究成果,对部分内容的释读提出了新的看法,并推定补充了原文书部分残缺的内容;至于"观子户"一词,本文以为是"馆子户"之音讹,并结合唐宋时期的重处色役问题,进行论述。

小铁子治疗细菌性痢疾81例疗效观察

我们遵照毛主席关于'中国医药学是一个伟大的宝库,应当努力发掘,加以提高'的伟大教导,在使用中草药治疗常见病、多发病的过程中,发现小铁子治疗细菌性痢疾效果较佳,现将81例临床观察结果介绍如下:

Large and nonlinear electric field response in a two-dimensional ferroelectric Rashba material

The achievement of electrical spin control is highly desirable.One promising strategy involves electrically mod-ulating the Rashba spin orbital coupling effect in materials.A semiconductor with high sensitivity in its Rashba constant to external electric fields holds great potential for short channel lengths in spin field-effect transistors,which is crucial for preserving spin coherence and enhancing integration density.Hence,two-dimensional(2D)Rashba semiconductors with large Rashba constants and significant electric field responses are highly desirable.Herein,by employing first-principles calculations,we design a thermodynamically stable 2D Rashba semiconductor,YSbTe_(3),which possesses an indirect band gap of 1.04 eV,a large Rashba constant of 1.54 eV·Åand a strong electric field response of up to 4.80 e·Å^(2).In particular,the Rashba constant dependence on the electric field shows an unusual nonlinear relationship.At the same time,YSbTe_(3)has been identified as a 2D ferroelectric material with a moderate polarization switching energy barrier(~0.33 eV per formula).By changing the electric polarization direction,the Rashba spin texture of YSbTe_(3)can be reversed.These out-standing properties make the ferroelectric Rashba semiconductor YSbTe_(3)quite promising for spintronic applications.

Single-atom catalysts based on polarization switching of ferroelectric In_(2)Se_(3) for N_(2) reduction

The polarization switching plays a crucial role in controlling the final products in the catalytic pro-cess.The effect of polarization orientation on nitrogen reduction was investigated by anchoring transition metal atoms to form active centers on ferroelectric material In_(2)Se_(3).During the polariza-tion switching process,the difference in surface electrostatic potential leads to a redistribution of electronic states.This affects the interaction strength between the adsorbed small molecules and the catalyst substrate,thereby altering the reaction barrier.In addition,the surface states must be considered to prevent the adsorption of other small molecules(such as *O,*OH,and *H).Further-more,the V@↓-In_(2)Se_(3) possesses excellent catalytic properties,high electrochemical and thermody-namic stability,which facilitates the catalytic process.Machine learning also helps us further ex-plore the underlying mechanisms.The systematic investigation provides novel insights into the design and application of two-dimensional switchable ferroelectric catalysts for various chemical processes.

Interaction mechanism of Cu^(2+),Fe^(3+) ions and extracellular polymeric substances during bioleaching chalcopyrite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC2370

The extracellular polymeric substances（EPS） of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270,and iron and copper enclosed in EPS were extracted by ultrasonication and centrifugation methods to determine the interaction mechanism of Cu2＋,Fe3＋ and EPS during bioleaching chalcopyrite.Generally,Cu2＋ ions can stimulate bacteria to produce more EPS than Fe3＋ ions.The mass ratio of Fe3＋/Cu2＋ enclosed in EPS decreased gradually from about 4：1 to about 2：1 when the concentration of Cu2＋ ions increased from 0.01 to 0.04 mol/L.The amount of iron and copper bound together by EPS in ferrous-free 9K medium containing 1% chalcopyrite was about 2 times of that in 9K medium containing 0.04 mol/L Cu2＋ ions.It was inferred that the EPS with jarosites on the surface of chalcopyrite gradually acted as a weak diffusion barrier for Cu2＋,Fe3＋ ions transference during bioleaching chalcopyrite.

铁筷子多糖诱导小鼠S_(180)细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的 :观察铁筷子多糖 (HFPS)诱导小鼠S180 细胞凋亡的作用。方法 :MTT比色法检测HFPS对小鼠原代腹水型S180肉瘤细胞的生长抑制效应 ,应用光镜、激光共聚焦显微镜、DNA凝胶电泳和流式细胞术研究HFPS诱导S180 细胞凋亡的作用。结果 :MTT检测结果显示HFPS可以有效抑制S180 细胞生长 ,作用呈时间和剂量依赖性。光镜、激光共聚焦显微镜观察凋亡细胞的形态学变化 ,表现为核固缩、碎裂、染色质边集、凋亡小体形成等。DNA凝胶电泳可见以 180bp倍数裂解的DNA梯形电泳带出现 ,同时随药物浓度的升高 ,细胞周期S期比例下降 ,G0 /G1期比例上升 ,PI增殖指数下降。结论 :铁筷子多糖可诱导S180 肿瘤细胞凋亡。

Fe-Beta zeolite for selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH_3:Influence of Fe content

Fe doped Beta zeolite with different Fe contents were prepared by ion exchange by changing the volume or the concentration of a Fe salt solution. For a particular mass of Fe salt precursor, the concentration of the metal salt solution during ion exchange influenced the ion exchange capacity of Fe, and resulted in different activities of the Fe-Beta catalyst. Fe-Beta catalysts with the Fe contents of （2.6, 6.3 and 9） wt% were synthesized using different amounts of 0.02 mol/L Fe salt solution. These catalysts were studied by various characterization techniques and their NH3-SCR activities were evaluated. The Fe-Beta catalyst with the Fe content of 6.3 wt% exhibited the highest activity, with a temperature range of 202-616℃ where the NOx conversion was 〉 80%. The Fe content in Beta zeolite did not influence the structure of Beta zeolite and valence state of Fe. Compared with the Fe-Beta catalysts with low Fe content （2.6 wt%）, Fe-Beta catalysts with 6.3 wt% Fe content possessed more isolated Fe3. active sites which led to its higher NH3-SCR activity. A high capacity for NH3 and NO adsorption, and a high activity for NO oxidation also contributed to the high NH3-SCR activity of the Fe-Beta catalyst with 6.3 wt%. However, when the Fe content was further increased to 9.0 wt%, the amount of FexOy nanoparticles increased while the amount of isolated Fe3＋ active sites was unchanged, which promoted NH3 oxidation and decreased the NH3-SCR activity at high temperature.

On-line detection of Cu(II) in bioleaching system by anodic stripping differential pulse voltammetry

On-line Cu （II） ion concentration detection in bioleaching system was achieved by anodic stripping differential pulse voltammetry （ASDPV）. Good linearity between Cu （II） concentration and oxidation peak current was obtained when Cu （II） existed in 0K media in the concentration range of 1μmol/L （64μg/L） to 1 mmol/L （64 mg/L）. Moreover, when 0.2 mol/L KCl was added into this media, the linear detection range could be extended from 1 mmol/L to 100 mmol/L （6.4 g/L）. The reduction of Cu （II） to metallic copper was shown to proceed as two successive single-electron transfer reactions involving an intermediate chemical step where the cuprous ion （Cu＋） was complexed by chloride to form the dichlorocuprous anion （CuCl-）. In addition, interference effect was also investigated when Fe3＋existed in the media, which was the common situation in the copper bioleaching system. The results showed no interference effect once the concentration of Fe3＋was less than 100 mmol/L （5.6 g/L）.

Thermodynamics analysis of LiFePO_4 pecipitation from Li-Fe(Ⅱ)-P-H_2O system at 298 K

Thermodynamics of the precipitation from Li-Fe（II）-P-H2O system at 298 K was investigated.The results demonstrate that LiFePO4 can be formed at room temperature under pH value of 0-11.3,and the impurities Li3PO4 and Fe（OH）2 will be yielded at pH value above 11.3 and 12.9,respectively.The optimum pH value for LiFePO4 precipitation is 8-10.5.Considering the low rate of phase transformation kinetics,metastable Li-Fe（II）-P-H2O system was also studied.The results indicate that equimolar ratio of co-precipitation precursor Fe3（PO4）2.8H2O and Li3PO4 cannot be obtained at the initial molar ratio 1：1：1 and 1：1：3 of Li：Fe：P.In contrast,equimolar ratio of the co-precipitation precursor can be yielded by adjusting the pH value to 7-9.2,matching the molar ratio 3：1：1 of Li：Fe：P,meaning that Li＋-excess is one of the essential conditions for LiFePO4 preparation by co-precipitation method.

STUDY ON DEGRADATION OF POLYETHYLENE FILMS CONTAINING ADDITIVES WITH FERROUS ION AT COMPOSTING TEMPERATURES

Polyethylene (PE) films with additives consisting mainly of oleic acid and ferrous ions were subjected to accelerated degradation at simulated composting temperatures.Based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and measurements of mechanical properties and viscosity average molecular weight,the degradation of the films was characterized and the degradation mechanism was discussed.The films containing additives with ferrous ions represent considerable decreases in molecular weight,and the carbonyl groups and hydroperoxides in the aging films show different trends of increase with the aging time.These results indicate that the ferrous ion plays an important role in the degradation of PE films and accelerates the degradation of PE.

Effect of Cu ion substitution on structural and dielectric properties of Ni-Zn ferrites

A series of Cu-substituted Ni_(0.5-x)Cu_xZn_(0.5)Fe_2O_4(x=0.12,0.16,0.20,0.24 and 0.28) spinel ferrites were prepared by conventional ceramic method to investigate the effects of Cu compositional variation on the structure and dielectric properties.XRD patterns demonstrate that all the samples are crystallized in single-phase cubic spinel structure and the lattice constant increases with increasing Cu content.White grains observed by SEM are Cu-rich phase.The dielectric constant versus frequency curve displays a normal dielectric behavior of spinel ferrites.While the frequency dependence of dielectric loss tangent is found to be abnormal,exhibiting a peak at certain frequency for all Cu-substituted Ni-Zn ferrites.A maximum of the resistivity is observed at x=0.2 due to the decrease of hopping electrons between Fe^(2+) and Fe^(3+) in per unit volume,which is in contrast with the Cu content dependence of dielectric constant and dielectric loss.

A Discovery of Anomozamites with Reproductive Organs

Anomozamites haifanggouensis (Kimura et al.) Zheng et Zhang comb. nov. is a characteristic Bennettitalean plant in Middle Jurassic flora. Only one specimen was collected from Haifanggou Formation (Middle Jurassic) in Daohugou village, Shantou town, Ningcheng County, Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China. The stem of plant is slender and repeatedly branches as a dichasial system with a fertile shoot in the fork, forming equal and widely divergent branches, on the branches born with the fronds of Anomozamites type. Its reproductive organs consists of some microsporophylls and a few of the bracteoid small leaves (or receptacular leaves). Some scattered bracteoid leaves and microsporophylls were formerly considered by Pan as dicots. Since then, they were proposed to be a non-committal genus Pankuangia and described them as P. haifanggouensis by Kimura et al. In this study, we discover that these bracteoid small leaves and microsporophylls should be of Anomozamites. This discovery provides strong evidence for the 'Pankuangia' determination of the taxonomical position.

Preliminary Study on the Separation of Lysozyme,Ovotransferrin and Ovalbumin from Egg White

[Objective] A study on separation process of lysozyme, ovotransferrin and ovalbumin from egg white. [Method] The proteins were separated by ammonium sul-fates and ion-exchange chromatography. Purity of the proteins was assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE）. [Result] The results showed that the proteins were electrophoresis-pure. The specific activity of lysozyme was increased from 144.13 to 2 235 U/mg, and purification factor was 15-fold. Lysozyme recovery rate was estimated to be 15.76%. Bacteriostasis rate of ovotransferrin was 48.84%. [Conclusion] The procedure for separating lysozyme, ovotransferrin and ovalbumin from egg white was simple, fast, low-cost and suitable for industrilization.

Effects of Hormone Factors on the in vitro Culture Flowering Induction of Dendrobium officinate Kimura et Migo

[Objective]The aim was to select the suitable hormone factors for flowering induction in vitro culture of Dendrobium officinate Kimura et Migo.[Method]The test-tube plantlets from the stems of Dendrobium officinate Kimura et Migo were used as the experimental materials and MS medium as the basic medium.Comparative tests have been done between single-factor hormone treatments（different concentrations of PP333 or TDZ） and multi-factor hormone treatments（different combinations of PP333,TDZ,6-BA and NAA） to research the effects of hormone factors on the flowering induction of the plantlets.[Result]Among the single-factor hormone treatments,the suitable concentration and the rate of flower buds formation of PP333 treatment were 0.2 mg/L and 8.5%,the that of TDZ treatment were 0.06 mg/L and 15.5%;the effects of multi-factor hormone treatments on the flowering induction were ordered as follow：（PP333 ＋ 6-BA ＋ NAA ＋ TDZ）〉 （PP333 ＋ 6-BA ＋ NAA）〉 （PP333 ＋ 6-BA） and（PP333 ＋ NAA） ;the most suitable treatment was PP333 0.3 mg/L ＋ 6-BA 0.5 mg/L ＋ NAA 0.5 mg/L ＋ TDZ 0.06 mg/L,the rate of flower bud formation and the rate of the blossomed flower were respectly reached to 80.4% and 90.3%.[Conclusion]PP333 and TDZ showed the important effect on the flowering induction in vitro culture of Dendrobium officinate Kimura et Migo.The effect of TDZ was better than that of PP333.It is much more conducive to the flower bud formation,when using appropriate concentration of TDZ combined with other hormones properly.

Density functional theory study of influence of impurity on electronic properties and reactivity of pyrite

The electronic property of pyrite supercell containing As,Se,Te,Co or Ni hetero atoms were calculated using density functional theory（DFT）,and the reactivities of pyrite with oxygen and xanthate were discussed by frontier orbital methods.The cell volume expands due to the presence of impurity.Co and Ni mainly affect the bands near Fermi levels,while As mainly affects the shallow and deep valence bands,and Se and Te mainly affect the deep valence bands.Electronic density analysis suggests that there exists a strong covalent interaction between hetero atom and its surrounding atoms.By frontier orbital calculation,it is suggested that As,Co and Ni have greater influence on the HOMO and LUMO of pyrite than Se and Te.In addition,pyrite containing As,Co or Ni is easier to oxidize by oxygen than pyrite containing Se or Te,and pyrite containing Co or Ni has greater interaction with collector.These are in agreement with the observed pyrite practice.

First Principle Study on the Magnetic and Electric Properties of Wurtzite Cr-phosphides and Cr-sulphides： Several Half-metallic Ferromagnets

The geometrical structures of wurtzite CrX （X=As, Sb, O, Se, and Te） were optimized, then their electric and magnetic properties were investigated by the first-principle calculations within the generalized gradient approximation for the exchange-correlation functional based on the density functional theory. These Cr-phosphides and Cr-sulphides were predicted to be half-metallic ferromagnets whose spin-polarization at the Fermi level is absolutely 100%. The molecular magnetic moments of Cr-phosphides and Cr-sulphides are 3.00 and 4.00 μB, which arise mainly from Cr-ions, respectively. There is ferromagnetic coupling in both Cr- phosphides and Cr-sulphides. The Curie temperatures of Cr-sulphides and Cr-phosphides are high. The electronic structures of Cr-ions are a1g^2↑↓t1u^4↑↓t1u^1↑↓eg^2↑↓in Cr-phosphides and a1g^2↑↓t1u^4↑↓t1u^1↑t2g^3↑in Cr-sulphides, respectively.

Fe^(3+)/Fe^(2+) redox electrolyte for high-performance polyaniline/SnO_2 supercapacitors

The Fe3＋/Fe2＋ redox electrolyte for use in polyaniline/tin oxide （PANI/SnO2）supercapacitors was reported. The influences of redox electrolyte based on different Fe3＋/Fe2＋ ion pair concentrations in 1 mol/LH2SO4 solution on the pseudocapacitive behaviors of PANI/SnO2 supercapacitor were investigated. The electrochemical properties of the supercapacitor were studied by cyclic voltammetry （CV）, galvanostatic charge discharge （GCD）, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） techniques. It is found that the performance of the supercapacitor is the best when the Fe3＋/Fe2＋ concentrationis 0.4 mol/L and its initial specific capacitance is 1172 F/g at an applied current density of 1 A/g. The long-term cycling experiment shows good stability with the retention of initial capacitance values of 88% after 2000 galvanostatic cycles. The experimental results testify that using Fe3＋/Fe2＋ redox electrolyte has a good prospect for improving the performances of energy-storage devices.

A Novel Enhancer for Fe^(2+)-Catalyzed Light Emission Reaction of Luminol and Dissolved Oxygen

EDTA was used as an enhancer for Fe 2+ catalyzed light emission from luminol oxidation by dissolved oxygen. As a result, the limit of detection for ferrous ion with flow injection analysis was improved by a factor of 160 by addition of EDTA to the luminol solution. Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ were determined simultaneously with a novel copper-coated zinc reductor minicolumn installed in one of the shunt after sample splitting in the manifold. The reductor minicolumn can be used for 3000 determinations at least. The dynamic range of determination was 1×10 -9 ～1×10 -5 mol·L -1 , with the limit of detection of 2.7×10 10 and 3.5×10 10 mol·L 1 ,for Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ , respectively. The preci sion for determination of 2×10 7 mol·L 1 of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ was 2.3% and 4.0% (n=8), respectively, at a sampling rate of 60 h -1 . Cr 3+ and Co 2+ interfere. Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ in mixture were determined with satisfactory results. Samples of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ were determined simultaneously and the results in good agreement with the standard spectrophotometric method. Indications were shown that EDTA functions as an enhancer, Fe 2+ as a catalyst, and oxygen is the oxidant of the chemiluminescent reaction, and the mechanism of the reaction was discussed.

STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENT FOR CLUSTERS TO BE RECONSTITUTED WITH THE FeMoCo DEFICIENT MOLYBDENUM IRON PROTEIN

By incubating the reduced MoFe protein from Azotobacter vinelandii with O phenanthroline under air and chromatographying the incubated solution on Sephadex G 25 column, inactive MoFe protein could be obtained. Its acetylene reduction activity was remarkably recovered not only by incubation with the reconstituent solution composed of KMnO 4,ferric homocitrate, Na 2S and dithiothreitol,Azotobacter vinelandii with O phenanthroline under air and chromatographying the incubated solution on Sephadex G 25 column, inactive MoFe protein could be obtained. Its acetylene reduction activity was remarkably recovered not only by incubation with the reconstituent solution composed of KMnO 4,ferric homocitrate, Na 2S and dithiothreitol, with O phenanthroline under air and chromatographying the incubated solution on Sephadex G 25 column, inactive MoFe protein could be obtained. Its acetylene reduction activity was remarkably recovered not only by incubation with the reconstituent solution composed of KMnO 4,ferric homocitrate, Na 2S and dithiothreitol, but also with a mixture of 4Fe∶4S clusters and another cluster which had two structure units of 1Mo∶3Fe∶4S bridged by three -OCH 3- at the Mo atoms. Neither the reconstituent solution nor the mixture could reactivate apo MoFe proteins from the mutants deleting nifE and nifH genes and from the mutant UW 45 , which could be reactivated by the FeMoco extracted from the MoFe protein. The results indicated that the FeMoco deficient MoFe proteins from these mutants seemed to be reconstituted only by the clusters which were probably structures only similar to FeMoco. The partially metallocluster deficient MoFe protein could be reconstituted by the clusters with a certain kind of structure and composition; and was changed into different nitrogenase proteins with the ability to fix nitrogen.

Effects of acid pretreatment on Fe-ZSM-5 and Fe-beta catalysts for N_2O decomposition

Two series of ZSM-5 and beta zeolites were pretreated in 1.0 mol/L HNO3 solution at room temper-ature for various time periods. The catalytic performances of their Fe-exchanged products in N2O decomposition were evaluated. The Fe-zeolite catalysts were characterized using N2 adsorp-tion-desorption, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption of NH3, and scanning and trans-mission electron microscopies. For the ZSM-5 zeolite, acid leaching primarily takes place on the crystal surface and the particle size is reduced, therefore the pore channels are shortened. However, because of the good stability of MFI zeolites, the acid does not greatly penetrate the pore channels and new mesopores are not created. For the beta zeolite, because the amorphous material is in-clined to dissolve（deagglomerate）, some of the micropores are slightly dilated. The improved cata-lytic activities can be explained by the increased active Fe loading as a result of structural changes.