Influence of coal blending on mineral transformation at high temperatures

Transformation of mineral matter is important for coal utilization at high temperatures.This is especially true for blended coal.XRD and FTIR were employed together to study the transformation of mineral matter at high temperature in blended coals.It was found that the concentration of catalytic minerals, namely iron oxides, increases with an increasing ratio of Shenfu coal, which could improve coal gasification.The transformation characteristics of the minerals in blended coals are not exactly predictable from the blend ratio.This was proved by comparing the iron oxide content to the blending ratio.The results from FTIR are comparable with those from XRD.FTIR is an effective method for examining variation in mineral matter.

Relationship Between Iron Oxides and Surface Charge Characteristics in Soils

The relationship between iron oxides and surface charge characteristics in variable charge soils ( latosol and red earth ) was studied in following three ways. ( 1 ) Remove free iron oxides ( Fed ) and amorphous iron oxides ( Feo ) from the soils with sodium dithionite and acid ammonium oxalate solution respectively. ( 2 ) Add 2% glucose ( on the basis of air-dry soil weight ) to soils and incubate under submerged condition to activate iron oxides, and then the mixtures are dehydrated and air-dried to age iron oxides. ( 3 ) Precipitate various crystalline forms of iron oxides onto kaolinite. The results showed that free iron oxides ( Fed ) were the chief carrier of variable positive charges. Of which crystalline iron oxides ( Fed-Feo ) presented mainly as discrete particles in the soils and could only play a role of the carrier of positive charges, and did little influence on negative charges. Whereas the amorphous iron oxides ( Feo ) , which presented mainly as a coating with a large specific surface area, not only had positive charges, but also blocked the negative charge sites in soils. Submerged incubation activated iron oxides in the soils, and increased the amount of amorphous iron oxides and the degree of activation of iron oxide, which resulted in the increase of positive and negative charges of soils. Dehydration and air-dry aged iron oxides in soils and decreased the amount of amorphous iron oxides and the degree of activation of iron oxide, and also led to the decrease of positive and negative charges. Both the submerged incubation and the dehydration and air-dry had no significant influence on net charges. Precipitation of iron oxides onto kaolinite markedly increased positive charges and decreased negative charges. Amorphous iron oxide having a larger surface area contributed more positive charge sites and blocked more negative charge sites in kaolinite than crystalline goethite.

风化及其它类荒漠漆表面层对高光谱分辨率遥感的影响（二）

由地表风化产生的表面覆被层的矿物质，其质地或与它的基岩矿物相似，或十分不同，虽然这类表面层的厚度仅有几微米到几毫米，但它们却完全控制了地面的反射光谱。与此相似，有些由风吹送的尘埃、胶结物或其它附着物在表面形成的外层也是影响遥感反射光谱的重要因素。这种由胶结物形成的表层往往是深色（甚至黑色）的，因为它们通常出现在干旱区，故常称为“荒漠漆（“ｄｅｓｅｒｔｖａｒｎｉｓｈ”）。尽管这些暗色对我们的眼睛并无特别之处，但这类表面层（通常为粘土）在短波红外区（ＳＷＩＲ）具有低反射率的吸收特征，并能据此推断它们的矿物成分。因此，为了要在遥感图象和地面的实际“地质状况”之间建立联系，必须对裸露岩石表面特征具有良好的了解。由于不可能在野外总能找到“新鲜”的岩石表面，因此，人们必需能将“岩石内部”物质的光谱和它“上、下表面”的光谱区分开。本文以西澳大利亚中部依尔干地区（Ｙｉｌｇａｒｎ）为例，研究了该地区深度风化的镁铁质、超基性岩和长英质岩石对光谱的影响。

Fe-cyclam/H2O2体系催化降解罗丹明B机制

传统的利用Fenton反应处理染料废水的方法pH适用范围窄、需大量亚铁盐的持续投加,限制了其应用.工作中成功制备了桥连四氮杂环十四烷铁配合物(Fe-cyclam),在较宽的pH范围(2~7)内都能活化H2O2降解罗丹明B,且在低催化剂条件下(<50μmol·L^-1),对罗丹明B的降解效果优于Fenton反应.该体系能快速降解罗丹明B、酸性红88、酸性橙Ⅱ、活性红24、中性红等多种染料,并对偶氮类染料有较高的选择性.Fe-cyclam的稳定性良好,3次循环降解后,罗丹明B的去除效率依然保持在90%以上.淬灭实验证明该过程为非自由基主导的降解过程,并通过电子顺磁共振(EPR)中捕获到高价铁-氧活性中间体FeV-oxo的生成.本工作证明了基于Fe-cyclam/H2O2体系能高效地降解废水中染料,具有较高的应用潜力.

Volatile and C-H-O isotopic compositions of giant Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in the Panxi region and their implications for the sources of volatiles and the origin of Fe-Ti oxide ores

The Panzhihua,Hongge,and Baima Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in the Panzhihua-Xichang(Panxi) region are hosted in large layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions.The layered intrusions intrude either the Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation,composed mainly of limestone,or the Paleoproterozoic Hekou Formation,composed of meta-sedimentary-volcanic rocks.It remains unclear if the wall rocks have been involved during the fractionation of magmas and have affected the sequence of crystallization of Fe-Ti oxide.Volatiles and their C-H-O isotopic compositions of magnetite,apatite,clinopyroxene,and plagioclase of different types of ores from the three intrusions are analyzed using a technique of stepwise heating mass spectrometer to evaluate the role of wall rocks in the formation of Fe-Ti oxide ores.Volatiles released from magnetite are composed mainly of H 2 O and CO 2,whereas the other minerals are composed mainly of H 2 O,CO 2 and H 2.At 800-1200°C temperature interval,the average 13 C values of CO 2 of all the minerals from the three intrusions range from 7.7‰ to 13.5‰ and the average 18 O CO 2 values from 19.1‰ to 19.5‰,which are scattered in a mixed field with basalt and the two types of wall rocks as end-members,indicating that CO 2 from the wall rocks may have been involved in the magmas from which the three intrusions formed.At 400-800 C temperature interval,both 13 C values(13.7‰ to 17.9‰ on the average) and 18 O values(16.2‰ to 19.2‰ on the average) of CO 2 of all the minerals are lower than those for 800-1200 C temperature interval,and much closer to the values of the wall rocks.Abundant H 2 O released at the 400-800 C temperature interval has relatively low D values ranging from 90‰ to 115‰,also indicating the involvement of fluids from the wall rocks.The average bulk contents of volatiles released from magnetite of the Hongge,Baima,and Panzhihua intrusions are 4891,2996,and 1568 mm 3 STP/g,respectively,much higher than those released from other minerals in total,which are 382,600,and 379 mm 3 STP/g,respectively,indicating that magnetite crystallized from magmas with much more volatiles than other minerals.This can be interpreted as that crystallization of clinopyroxene and plagioclase in the early fractionation of magmas resulted in volatiles such as H 2 O that were eventually enriched in the residual magmas and,at the same time,fluids from the wall rocks may have been involved in the magmas and were trapped in magnetite,which crystallized later than clinopyroxene and plagioclase.

Chromium Adsorption in Different Mineralogical Fractions from Subtropical Soils

Safe application of chromium （Cr）-containing organic industrial wastes to soil requires considering the ability of the soil to adsorb Cr. In this study, the maximum Cr adsorption capacity was assessed for the bulk samples and their clay and iron-free clay fractions of four subtropical soils differing in mineralogy. To this end, the samples were supplied with Cr（Ⅲ） nitrate solutions at pH 4.5 or 5.5. The results of Cr（Ⅲ） adsorption fitted to a Freundlich equation and the adsorption capacity was positively correlated with soil organic matter and iron oxide contents. The clay fractions adsorbed more Cr per unit mass than the bulk soils and the iron-free clay fractions. The Cr（Ⅲ） adsorption capacity increased with increasing soil pH due to more charges on adsorbing surfaces. Our results suggest that the soils rich in organic matter and iron oxides and having a pH above 4.5 are suitable for application of Cr（Ⅲ）-loaded industrial wastes.