高产巨大戟醇铁海棠毛状根培养体系的构建

为构建高产巨大戟醇的铁海棠毛状根培养体系,研究比较了6个不同品种铁海棠茎叶部分的巨大戟醇含量,以含量高的铁海棠原种的花梗及叶盘为外植体,考察不同菌株以及不同侵染条件对其诱导率的影响,筛选适宜铁海棠毛状根生长的液体培养基,并比较了铁海棠毛状根和植株中的巨大戟醇含量差异。结果表明:(1)铁海棠6个品种间巨大戟醇含量存在显著差异,含量最高的为铁海棠原种。(2)以铁海棠原种的花梗为外植体,预培养7 d,以D_(600 nm)=0.6的Ar A4菌液侵染6 min,转入1/2MS固体培养基中共培养3 d可获得最佳转化效果,毛状根诱导率最高达68.33%。(3)毛状根在1/2MS液体培养基中生长迅速,长势良好。(4)毛状根中巨大戟醇的含量显著高于铁海棠原种植株中各部位的含量,达到593.14 mg/kg,鲜质量为0.50 g的毛状根经悬浮培养10 d后,可获得132.27μg巨大戟醇。铁海棠6个品种中以铁海棠原种巨大戟醇含量最高,利用发根农杆菌Ar A4侵染铁海棠原种花梗,成功建立了铁海棠毛状根的高效诱导及悬浮培养体系,且获得的毛状根中巨大戟醇含量高于原植株,为高效获得巨大戟醇提供了新的途径。

那丛铁海棠牵动了我的情思

为了完成十种植物的调查,我披上外衣,走出家门,开启夜间寻花之旅。紫薇、茉莉、蔓马缨丹……已集齐了九种,终于在一处路灯下出现了第十种植物——一丛不那么密集的小红花。它好似夜间绽放的一点火星,不比一旁的茉莉纯洁清新,不似树上紫薇那般娇艳欲滴、楚楚动人。我用手机拍了张照片便匆匆离去。回到家查完资料,我才知道,它的名字叫铁海棠。或许是因为它独特的花名,我开始留意起来。

铁海棠药学研究概况

该文在广泛文献检索基础上,对铁海棠的成分、药理、临床应用、栽培技术等进行概述,为深入研究和开发利用提供科学资料。

多效唑对盆栽铁海棠株型及开花的影响

本文研究了不同浓度的多效唑浇施盆栽铁海棠后,对植株高度及开花数量、花朵大小、花序柄长度的影响。结果表明,多效唑能有效地控制铁海棠高度,使株型矮化紧凑;使花朵增大,花序柄长缩短,对花朵数量没有影响。

铁海棠硫的分布与二氧化硫浓度的关系

对广州市某地及清洁对照点的铁海棠中硫的分布规律进行了测定和对比,并与当年大气二氧化硫浓度和污染系数进行比较,发现两者的污染系数相近,大气污染程度的分级也一样。

铁海棠与保健

异名:麒麟花、老虎竻、玉麒麟、番鬼刺、海棠、万年刺等。性味苦、凉,有毒。具有排脓、解毒、逐水之功。主治痈疮、横痃、肝炎、大蝮水肿等症。 ①对口疮:鲜铁海棠茎叶,酌加红糖,捣烂外敷,日换一次。

Insights into Euphorbia diversity: Probing the contrasts between Euphorbia fischeriana Steud and Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata

In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Euphorbia fischeriana Steud(E.fischeriana)and Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata(E.ebracteolata),commonly referred to as“Langdu”,are widely extensively utilized for treating lymphatic tuberculosis and ringworm[1].Both plant species are perennial herbaceous plants mainly distributed in northeastern China,Mongolia,Russia(Siberia),and Republic of Korea[2].There have been many reports on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of the two plant species,which has made more and more researchers realize that there may be differences between E.fischeriana and E.ebracteolata.In some cases,long-term improper use of herbal medicines can even lead to life-threatening conditions[3,4].Therefore,it is essential to employ an effective technology to differentiate between these two plants based on their chemical constituents and biological activities,so as to reduce the harm caused by the mixing and misuse of medicinal materials.Therefore,the present paper describes a study of the differences between E.ebracteolata and E.fischeriana,using untargeted plant metabolomics and biological activity evaluations.This study aims to provide valuable insight into their equivalence and potential interchangeability in TCM and clinical medication.

Haematological and Biochemical Indices of Finisher Broiler Chickens Fed Graded Levels of Spurge Weeds (Euphorbia heterophylla) Leaf Meal

The study aimed to investigate the Haematological and Serum Biochemical indices of finisher broiler chickens fed graded levels of Euphorbia heterophylla leaf meal (EHLM) also known as spurge weed. The birds were allotted into six dietary treatments of ten birds segregated into three replicates each. The diets formulated with EHLM were included at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% levels in diets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively to replace soybean. Each treatment was replicated three times in a completely randomized design. Uncoagulated blood samples were collected from the birds at the end of the 56 days feeding trial and analysed for packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentrate (Hb), red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC). The mean corpuscular haemoglobin volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were calculated using PCV, RBC and Hb. The blood meant for serological analysis was centrifuged at 1000 G for 10 minutes, after which the serum was separated and used for determining serum total protein (Tp), Albumin, Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). The results revealed that the control group had significantly higher values of PCV, RBC, and Hb compared to other treatment groups. However, the values of MCV, MCH, lymphocytes, heterophils, and eosinophils were similar to the control. The biochemical parameters showed significant differences among treatment groups, but not significantly different from the control. The study concluded that EHLM may not pose a health challenge to broiler chickens at levels of 5 - 15 percent, but improved health, immunity and performance can be achieved at the 15% inclusion level.

全年开花铁海棠

铁海棠（Euphorbia mill）别名虎刺、虎刺梅、狮子簕。大戟科大戟属。原产马达加斯加岛。直立攀援状灌木，高约1米，分枝多。茎肥厚密布长刺，刺座排列无序（个别例外），摘叶或折断肉质茎时会流出白色乳汁。新叶着生枝顶上，倒卵形或椭圆形。花很小，单性花，具长梗。

Study on the mechanism of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.- Jujubae Fructus in the treatment of hepatocirrhosis based on network pharmacology

The active components,targets,and pathways of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus in treating hepatocirrhosis and the mechanism of action were explored by means of network pharmacology.Firstly,the active components and related targets of Jujubae Fructus were screened by TCMSP database and standardized by Uniprot database.The compounds of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.were obtained by searching the literature and finally screened by PubChem database,Swiss ADME,and SwissTargetPrediction.Hepatocirrhosis targets were obtained through Genecards database,PPI network analysis was conducted on common targets of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus and hepatocirrhosis by using String database,GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was conducted through Metascape database by using intersection targets of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus and hepatocirrhosis,and the results were drawn by using Weishengxin online drawing platform.Then,the network of drug-compound-target-pathway was constructed by the software of Cytoscape3.8.0.Finally,the above results were verified by molecular docking.47 active compounds from Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus were screened out,which had 38 common targets,162 intersection targets,and 340 signal pathways with hepatocirrhosis,mainly involving hepatitis C,JAK-STAT signal pathway and AGE-RAGE signal pathway.Targets,such as MAPK1,AKT1,TNF,JUN,IL6 and PTGS2,play important roles in the treatment.The findings suggested that the main active ingredients of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus in treating hepatocirrhosis are quercetin,scopolamine,physcion,7-deoxyrangduin,17-Hydroxyjolkinolide A,etc.Molecular docking results showed that the main active components and core targets might have a good binding capacity.This study preliminarily explored the potential mechanism of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus in treating hepatocirrhosis and provided a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus.

Pharmacognosy research and identification of Euphorbia prostrata Ait.

Background:Euphorbia prostrata Ait.is an annual herb widely distributed in the southern region of China with great medical values on Anti-inflammation,insect repellent,treatment of diarrhea.Despite its extensive uses as a traditional Chinese medicine,no systematic research on the identification of E.prostrata has been reported.Methods:The study aimed to establish an accurate identification system for E.prostrata through traditional pharmacognostical methods,including botanical origin,morphological characters,medicinal material characters,microscopic characters,physicochemical parameters determination,phytochemical screening,and DNA barcoding analysis.Results:Physicochemical results show that this plant likely contains flavonoids,anthraquinones,and other substances.The ITS loci of the nuclear genome and psbA-trnH loci of the chloroplast genome were selected and evaluated,which were the most variable loci.Conclusion:The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the development of species identification,as well as provide references for authenticity identification,genetic relationship analysis,and further utilization of E.prostrata.

Study on the regulatory effect of liver X receptor in HEK293 cells by six main diterpene esters in Semen Euphorbiae

Background:To study the effects of the main diterpene esters in Euphorbia factor L_(1),L_(2),L_(3),L_(7a),L_(7b)and L_(8)on the transcriptional activity and protein expression of liver X receptor(LXR).Methods:The effect of the main diterpene ester components in Semen Euphorbiae on the viability of HEK293 cells were studied by MTT assay.The LXR-Luc plasmid vector was transfected into HEK293 cells and treated with Euphorbia factor L_(1),L_(2),L_(3),L_(7a),L_(7b)and L_(8)for 24 h.The effect of the main diterpene ester components of Semen Euphorbiae on LXR-Luc luciferase activity was investigated by dual luciferase reporter gene system,and the expression of LXRαprotein was detected by Western Blot.Results:Euphorbia factor L_(1),L_(2),L_(3),L_(7a),L_(7b)and L_(8)could significantly reduce the relative luciferase activity(RLU)of LXRα,and the expression level of LXRαprotein was significantly down-regulated.Conclusion:Euphorbia factor L_(1),L_(2),L_(3),L_(7a),L_(7b)and L_(8)can inhibit the expression of LXR protein level,which may be achieved by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of LXR.

月腺大戟( Euphorbia ebracteolata)根部提取物抑菌作用的测定

以小麦赤霉病病菌(Fusariumgraminerum)、油菜菌核病病菌(Sclerotiniascleotiorum)、棉花黄萎病病菌(Verticilliumdahli-ae)、苹果炭疽病病菌(Glomarellacingulata)、甜瓜蔓枯病病菌(Mycosphaerellamelonis)为供试病原菌,采用琼胶平板法对月腺大戟根部丙酮提取物进行了离体抑菌活性测定;月腺大戟根部提取物样品供试质量浓度分别设为0.05g/mL,0.1g/mL,0.2g/mL,0.4g/mL四个梯度。测定结果表明:不同浓度月腺大戟根部丙酮提取物对5种供试病原菌均表现为很强的抑菌作用,该研究为月腺大戟根部进一步开发植物性农药提供理论依据。

Pistillate Flower Development and Stigma Receptivity of Euphorbia pulcherrima

Objective] This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pistil-late flower developmental morphology and stigma receptivity in Euphorbia pulcherri-ma. [Method] One-year-old adult plants of E. pulcherrima cultivar ‘Mil enium’ were used as experimental materials to analyze pistil ate flower development process by macroscopic and scanning electron microscope （SEM） observation. Stigma receptivity was detected with benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method and in vivo pol en germina-tion method. [Result] The pistil ate flower development process of E. pulcherrima was consisted of columnar stigma phase, stigma lobe slightly opening phase, Y-shape stigma lobe phase, inverse V-shaped stigma lobe phase and stigma curling phase. Pistil ate flower development and stigma receptivity of E. pulcherrima exhibit-ed certain correlation. The stigma receptive period lasted from stigma lobe slightly opening phase to inverse V-shaped stigma lobe phase; inverse V-shaped stigma lobe phase was appropriate for pol ination, lasting for 3-5 d, with V-shaped stigma lobe and a large amount of exudates on stigma surface according to SEM obser-vation. Stigma receptivity of E. pulcherrima detected with benzidine-hydrogen perox-ide method was consistent with that detected in vivo pol en germination method. [Conclusion] ln breeding practice, the optimal pol ination period of E. pulcherrima can be determined based on the developmental morphology of pistil ate flower.

安徽产大戟属(Euphorbia)药用植物抑真菌活性研究

以小麦赤霉病菌(Gibberella zeae)、油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia scleotiorum)、棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)、苹果炭疽病菌(Glomerella cingulata)、甜瓜蔓枯病菌(Mycosphaerella melonis)为供试病原菌,采用琼胶平板法对安徽产大戟属6种药用植物丙酮提取物进行了离体抑真菌活性测定;样品提取物供试质量浓度设为0.1g/mL.结果表明:相同浓度的大戟属不同植物样品对5种供试病原菌均有抑制作用,其中大戟根及月腺大戟根提取物样品对供试病原菌有强烈的抑菌活性.该研究为安徽产大戟属药用植物的进一步开发植物性农药提供理论依据.

Establishment of Tissue Culture Regeneration Systems of Stem Segments of Euphorbia tirucalli

[Objective] The aim was to study the conditions of tissue culture regeneration seedling by using the stem segments of Euphorbia tirucalli and determine the optimum culture condition of each culture stage,so as to provide references for the factory production and relative study of tissue culture seedling of E. tirucalli. [Method] Taking the stem segments of E. tirucalli as explants,the effects of various mediums on germination rate,multiplication coefficient and rooting rate were studied. [Result] The optimum induction medium of germination culture was 1/2MS＋NAA 0.02 mg/L＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L,with differentiation rate of 89.7%; the best subculture medium was 1/2MS＋NAA 0.02 mg/L＋6-BA 0.60 mg/L＋AD 3.0 mg/L,with multiplication coefficient of 5.70; the optimum rooting culture medium was 1/2MS＋NAA 0.40 mg/L＋IBA 0.4 mg/L,with rooting rate of 100% and transplanting survival rate of 80%. [Conclusion] The tissue culture conditions of stem segments of E. tirucalli were determined primarily.

小飞扬草(Euphorbia thymifolia L.)中镉的亚细胞分布及化学形态

采用差速离心法和逐步提取法,分析Cd超积累植物小飞扬草根、茎、叶中Cd的亚细胞分布和化学形态。培养液中Cd浓度5mg/L和10mg/L条件下,在小飞扬草根、茎、叶中,细胞壁和细胞膜是Cd主要的结合场所,含量分别占总量的47.1%～49.0%、39.7%～41.4%、42.9%～56.2%,其次是胞液组分,含量分别占37.5%～41.4%、28.2%～40.7%、35.2%～46.8%,细胞器组分中Cd含量较少。Cd在小飞扬草根、茎、叶中均以氯化钠提取态为主,含量分别占70.5%～84.8%、72.4%～83.0%、50.0%～74.8%。根部各提取态含量依次为CNaCl>CHAC>CEtOH>CHCl>CW>CR,茎、叶中各提取态含量依次为CNaCl>CHCl>CHAC>CEtOH>CW>CR。在小飞扬草中,Cd与细胞壁和细胞膜中的果胶酸和蛋白质等物质结合固定,而进入细胞的Cd大部分与有机酸络合而隔离于液泡内,这可能是小飞扬草忍耐并超积累Cd的机制。

Kansuinine J,a new macrocyclic diterpenoid from the roots of Euphorbia kansui

A new macrocyclic diterpenoid,named kansuinine J（1）,was isolated from the roots of Euphorbia kansui.Its structure was characterized on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.

Apoptosis of human gastric carcinoma cells induced by Euphorbia esula latex

AIM: To investigate the effect of Euphorbia esula(E. esula) extract in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells.METHODS: E. esula extract at different concentrations was used to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells. Inhibition of proliferation was detected with thiazolyl blue assay, and apoptosis was detected with fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. The mechanisms were studied by measurement of caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities and Bax and Bcl2 m RNA expression.RESULTS: The thiazolyl blue assay showed that SGC-7901 cell viability and proliferation were inhibited significantly by E. esula extract in a timeand concentration-dependent manner. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that the cell nuclei showed the characteristic changes of apoptosis, such as uneven staining and chromatin marginalization. Some key features of apoptosis were also observed undertransmission electron microscopy, which included cellular shrinkage and the foaming or bubbling phenomenon. When the cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, a sub-G1 peak could be seen clearly. Spectrophotometric assay of caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities in the treated cells showed an approximately two-fold increase. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed that Bax m RNA expression was upregulated, while Bcl2 m RNA expression was downregulated.CONCLUSION: E. esula extract inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells, in a caspasedependent manner, involving upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl2.

A new aryl glycoside from Euphorbia helioscopia L.

A new aryl glycoside, 3″-O-galloyl-benzyl-O-α-L-rharnnopyranosyl-（1 → 6）-β-D-glucopyranoside, was isolated from Euphorbia helioscopia L., and its structure was elucidated on the basis of various spectroscopic data analysis.