利用褐铁矿型红土镍矿烧结矿制备Fe-Cr-Ni合金

我国是不锈钢第一生产大国,但作为冶炼不锈钢主要原料的镍矿及铬铁矿资源贫乏,占红土镍矿资源总量60%以上的褐铁矿型红土镍矿与低品位铬铁矿愈发受到关注。同时,不锈钢冶炼通常需先分别生产铬铁和镍铁,工艺流程长,生产成本高。因此,本文基于烧结—高炉工艺,利用褐铁矿型红土镍矿烧结矿低成本地一步制备出了Fe-Cr-Ni合金。通过热力学分析及熔炼参数的优化,重点研究了不同Cr_(2)O_(3)含量的含镍烧结矿(S1:4.84 wt%;S3:7.72 wt%)的熔炼特性。在熔炼时间60 min(S1)/90 min (S3)、熔炼温度1600℃、焦粉用量20 wt%、炉渣碱度1.0的最佳条件下,成功制备出了铬品位5.6 wt%~9.3 wt%、镍品位1.55 wt%~1.70 wt%、铁品位84 wt%~88 wt%的Fe-Cr-Ni合金,其铬、镍和铁的回收率分别在90%、98%和96%以上。研究表明,含镍烧结矿Cr_(2)O_(3)含量的提高会造成熔炼时间的延长,这不利于焦比的降低与不锈钢产量的提高。在后续研究中,将开发出由含镍烧结矿与含铬球团矿构成的综合炉料结构,以更有效地实现高铬镍铁的冶炼。

磁铁矿型烧结矿成矿过程对其RDI影响机理研究

基于工艺矿物学的研究方法,对磁铁矿型烧结矿的成矿过程进行系统的研究,旨在从矿相结构入手,探究影响其低温还原粉化指数(RDI)的机制。研究制取了9组不同温度梯度的烧结矿,通过对矿相结构的研究发现:随着温度的变化,烧结矿的矿相结构变化依次为:粉末状结构→熔融状结构→熔融状结构→斑状结构→粒状结构→熔蚀结构(初期)→熔蚀结构(中期)→熔蚀结构(末期)→粒状结构。其中,高温形成的斑状-粒状结构结晶出的雏晶/骸晶状磁铁矿会恶化其RDI,在熔蚀结构末期发育大量板柱状铁酸钙有利于提高烧结矿的质量。建议在烧结生产时,适当减少高温段的持续时间,以避免雏晶/骸晶状金属相的过多出现,适当延长低温段的烧结时间,以增加熔蚀结构的占比,从而改善烧结矿的RDI。

研究添加剂对烧结矿孔隙结构及其力学性能的影响

文章针对添加剂对烧结工艺生产的铁矿烧结矿孔隙结构及其力学性能的影响进行研究。首先介绍了烧结工艺和铁矿烧结矿的孔隙结构特点及其对力学性能的影响,然后讨论了常用的添加剂种类及其作用机理,并分析了添加剂对铁矿烧结矿孔隙结构和力学性能的影响。最后,设计了相关实验并提出添加不同种类及剂量的添加剂后的铁矿烧结矿孔隙结构和力学性能测试结果,总结了添加剂种类和剂量对铁矿烧结矿孔隙结构和力学性能的最优组合。

Effect of basicity on sintering behavior of low-titanium vanadium-titanium magnetite

Basicity has an important effect on the sinter quality, especially for low-titanium vanadium-titanium sinter. The effect of basieity on sintering behavior of low-titanium vanadium-titanium mixture, and the transference and distribution of element in sintering process were researched by sinter pot test, mineralogical analysis, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） analysis. The results show that CaO preferentially reacts with TiO2, generating pervoskite, so that the total liquid phase content of the sinter is low. There is an increase in the perovskite concentration of the sinter with the basicity ranging from 1.9：1 to 2.7：1. With increasing the basicity, the calcium ferrite content increases slightly and then rises rapidly, while the silicate content decreases and the metallurgical property of the sinter is improved. As for the distribution of these elements in the sinter, Ti occurs mainly in perovskite, V occurs mainly in silicate, and Fe occurs mainly in magnetite and hematite. The most abundant occurrence of Ca and Si occurs in silicate and perovskite. With increasing the basicity, the contents of A1 and Mg increase in calcium ferrite, while they decrease in other minerals.

废弃块矿作铺底料强化红土矿烧结工艺及机制

为减少因低品位废弃含镍矿堆积而产生的重金属污染和镍资源浪费,同时达到有效利用固废资源及改善褐铁矿型红土镍矿烧结性能的目的,在研究两者基本物化性能及矿物赋存状态的基础上,对比了褐铁矿型红土镍矿无铺底料烧结工艺、烧结矿铺底料烧结工艺及废弃块矿铺底料烧结工艺各项指标,并揭示了相关机制。结果表明:相对于无铺底料烧结工艺及烧结矿铺底料烧结工艺,采用废弃块矿作为铺底料能更为有效地改善褐铁矿型红土镍矿烧结性能,烧结矿转鼓强度分别提高10.16%、3.82%,利用系数分别增加13.40%、6.80%,固体燃耗分别降低9.64%、9.20%;同时,烧结矿冶金性能优异,RI和RDI+3.15mm分别高达78.24%及96.79%。固结机制研究发现:相对于其他2种工艺,废弃块矿铺底料烧结工艺中,烧结矿微观结构由大孔薄壁结构转化为大孔厚壁结构,且孔洞趋于规则的圆形;另外,SFCA面积分数由7.27%、8.78%增至12.21%,并沿孔洞边缘向内部发展,主要固相—铁尖晶石晶粒有所长大,彼此之间连结程度较好,能更为有效地被液相所润湿,烧结矿微观结构更为紧密,从而使得烧结矿强度进一步提高。而强度更高的块矿作为铺底料,料层透气性更为有效地提高,促进了无烟煤的充分燃烧,使得烧结矿固体燃耗大幅降低,利用系数明显改善。

Effects of basicity and temperature on mineralogy and reduction behaviors of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite sinters

The effects of basicity and temperature on the reduction process of Hongge high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite(HCVTM)sinter were investigated in this work.The main characterization methods of X-ray fluorescence(XRF),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),and metallographic microscope were employed in this study.In this work,the reduction of HCVTM sinter with different temperature and basicity were experimented.The Fe,FeO,and TiO in reductive samples increase with increasing basicity and temperatures.The increase of basicity and temperature is favorable to the reduction of HCVTM sinter.The Fe phase has out-migration tendency to the surface of sinter while the perovskite and silicate phases have in-migration tendency to the inside of sinter.The reduction degradation index(RDI)decreases while the reduction index(RI)increases with increasing basicity.The RI increases from 67.14%to 82.09%with increasing temperature from 1073 K to 1373 K.

Effect and function mechanism of sinter basicity on softening-melting behaviors of mixed burden made from chromium-bearing vanadium-titanium magnetite

The effect of sinter basicity on softening-melting behaviors of mixed burden made from chromium-bearing vanadium-titanium magnetite(Cr-V-Ti magnetite) was investigated and the function mechanism was simultaneously analyzed.The results show that with increasing sinter basicity from 1.71 to 2.36,the softening interval tends to increase from 149.3 ℃ to 181.7 ℃while the melting interval tends to decrease from 178.0 ℃ to 136.7 ℃.The location of cohesive zone moves downwards firstly and then ascends slightly,but the cohesive zone becomes thinner.The softening-melting characteristic value becomes small,which indicates that the permeability of burden column is improved.The dripping ratio of mixed burden tends to increase firstly and then decrease,which comes to the highest value of 74.50%when the sinter basicity is 2.13.The content and the recovery of V and Cr in dripping iron are all increased.The generation amount of components with high melting point in slag becomes little with the increase of sinter basicity,which could improve the permeability of mixed burden.Taking softening-melting behaviors of mixed burden and recovery of valuable elements into account,the proper sinter basicity is no less than 2.13 for smelting mixed burden made from Cr-V-Ti magnetite in blast furnace.

Calcium ferrite formation characteristic during iron ore sintering with different oxygen atmospheres

It is generally known that the large formation amount of calcium ferrite is favorable for the iron ore sintering. The effects of sintering temperature and O2 content of inlet gas on the calcium ferrite formation characteristic of typical iron ores, including hematite, limonite, specularite and magnetite, were investigated. And the effect of O2 content on the microstructure of the roasted briquettes was also studied in detail. The results show the amount of calcium ferrite initially increases then decreases with the increase of the sintering temperature. The temperature of maximum calcium ferrite generation amount is determined as follows： for hematite and limonite it is 1275 ~C, whereas for specularite and magnetite, 1250℃. The maximum contents of calcium ferrite for hematite, limonite, specularite and magnetite under the optimal sintering temperature are 73%, 82%, 67% and 63%, respectively. Increasing O2 content of the airflow is advantageous to the formation of calcium ferrite. Relatively, the effect of O2 content on the calcium ferrite formation of magnetite is the most pronounced, while O2 content of inlet gas has little effect on the calcium ferrite formation of limonite.

Interaction mechanism between carboxylmethyl cellulose and iron ore concentrates in iron ore agglomeration

Carboxylmethyl cellulose(CMC) has become a commercial organic binder in agglomeration of iron ore concentrates. The relative molecular mass and degree of substitution(DS) of CMC have a large impact on its binding performance. The interaction mechanism between CMC and iron ore particles was analyzed through Zeta potential measurements, adsorption measurements and infrared spectra. The results show that the interaction is chemical adsorption-oriented and the CMC's adsorption performance is related to the properties of CMC as well as the type of iron oxides. CMC has a greater affinity to Fe2O3 than Fe3O4, and CMC with higher relative molecular mass shows a higher adsorption isotherm. Pelletization of practical iron ore concentrates added with CMC further illustrates that CMC with higher relative molecular mass or DS exhibits a better binding performance, which is consistent with the results of adsorption tests.