铜/铁钝化多孔硅纳米复合薄膜的制备与形貌研究

由水热腐蚀技术制得的铁钝化多孔硅作为基底,采用浸渍镀膜技术成功制备了铁钝化多孔硅/铜纳米复合薄膜.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、XRD等分析手段对比研究了铁钝化多孔硅在沉积前与沉积后的结构变化特点以及沉积时间对所沉积的铜薄膜的结构的影响.结果表明,在浸渍一定时间后,铜/铁钝化多孔硅纳米复合薄膜继承了新鲜制备的铁钝化多孔硅的结构特点;同时,在溶液浓度保持不变的情况下,随着反应时间的的延长,铜的沉积量逐渐增加,铜纳米颗粒的平均晶粒尺寸逐渐长大.

水热腐蚀铁钝化多孔硅的湿敏特性研究

采用水热腐蚀铁钝化法在单晶硅片上生长铁钝化多孔硅(IPS)薄膜,以IPS为感湿介质制成湿敏元件。在不同湿度环境以及测试频率下,测出其电容值,得到了IPS的湿敏特性曲线。研究发现,当相对湿度从11%RH逐渐增加到95%RH的过程中,在测试频率为100Hz时,IPS湿敏元件的电容值增大幅度达1500%,电容响应时间在升湿过程和脱湿过程分别为15s和5s,并且IPS湿敏元件的温度系数在15℃到35℃的范围内较小。结果表明:IPS湿敏元件的特性包括灵敏度、响应时间以及温度系数等均优于多孔硅(PS)湿敏元件的特性。

烟酸在铁钝化膜层表面的吸附机理(英文)

循环伏安法结合原位拉曼光谱的表征结果表明,烟酸在铁钝化膜层表面的吸附行为归因于其具有形成稳定膜层复合物的性能,烟酸将间隙离子FeⅡ转化为稳定的晶格离子FeⅢ,从而降低铁钝化膜的溶解性.旋转电极电化学晶体微天平的分析结果表明烟酸在活化态和钝化态铁表面的吸附行为遵循Langmuir-Freundlich热力学规律,并由此计算出过程中的吸附常数、标准自由能和非均质分布常数.研究认为有机分子在钝化膜表面为化学型吸附,可导致钝化膜破坏的间隙离子被烟酸固定在八面体空位晶格中形成稳定晶型结构,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)和衰减全反射红外光谱(ATRFTIR)分析对结论进行了再次验证.

铁钝化多孔硅的制备及光致发光机理研究

采用水热腐蚀法在相同环境下制备了不同晶型的铁钝化多孔硅样品。同一样品表面具有相似的孔隙结构,不同样品形貌存在差异。在300 nm光激发下,样品发光峰位于618 nm附近,半高宽约为132 nm。傅立叶红外变换光谱显示样品中有强的Si—Si、Si—O—Si、O y—Si—H x化学键振动吸收。结果表明,水热腐蚀法制备的铁钝化多孔硅表面形貌与腐蚀过程的局域电极分布关系密切。样品的光致发光行为可归因于量子限制-发光中心作用,并受非桥氧空穴发光中心数量影响。

铁钝化多孔硅紫外辐照下的发光稳定性研究

用水热腐蚀法制备出了红光发射（～2．0eV）的铁钝化多孔硅。在240nm紫外光持续辐照下，样品的红光强度迅速增强～10％后趋于稳定。傅立叶红外变换光谱分析结果显示样品中有强的Si-O-Si和Si-O-H吸收，同时存在氧化的硅烷基团（O3-xSix）Si-H（x=1，2，3）。量子限制-发光中心模型（QCLC）以及非桥氧空穴缺陷（NBOHC）被用于解释强的稳定的红光辐射。

非桥氧空穴发光中心对铁钝化多孔硅光致发光的影响

采用水热腐蚀法制备了铁钝化多孔硅样品,样品光致发光谱的荧光峰位于2.0eV附近,半峰宽约为0.40eV。激发波长从240nm增大到440nm的过程中,荧光峰先红移再蓝移,最后基本稳定,变化曲线呈勺型。通过分析15片发光多孔硅样品的统计结果,发现荧光峰逆转所对应的激发波长位于330nm附近,相应的激发光子能量约为3.8eV。样品光致发光谱随激发波长的勺型变化过程与≡Si—O↑和≡Si—O↑…H—O—Si≡两类非桥氧空穴发光中心共同作用时的发光行为一致。

铁钝化膜厚度的电化学和光电化学测量

本文用电化学和光电化学方法研究了在硼酸/硼酸钠溶液中铁钝化膜厚度和成膜电位的关系。指出铁钝化膜由两层氧化物组成,内层为具有导电体性质的Fe_3O_4,外层为具有半导体性质的Fe_2O_3,在钝化区的电位范围内,内层Fe_3O_4的厚度和成膜电位无关,而外层Fe_2O_3的厚度和成膜电位成正比关系。

铁钝化多孔硅形成过程中的形貌演化和腐蚀机理

采用水热腐蚀技术制备的铁钝化多孔硅表面具有可调超结构。详细研究了铁钝化多孔硅水热制备过程中单晶硅片表面的形貌演化。结果表明,在水热腐蚀过程中,存在两种同时发生的腐蚀机制:即对缺陷的化学腐蚀和通过形成微电池所发生的电化学腐蚀。在腐蚀发生的初期,化学腐蚀占主导地位;随后电化学腐蚀逐步起主导作用并对铁钝化多孔硅表面超结构的最终形成起关键作用。还讨论了发生在微电池中微型阳极和微型阴极上的化学反应。研究结果为实现铁钝化多孔硅表面形貌的人为控制提供理论指导。

铁钝化膜的光电化学研究

本文研究了在pH=8.4的硼酸/硼酸钠溶液中铁钝化膜的光电化学行为。讨论了钝化时间、入射光强、电极电位以及光子能量对光电流的影响,指出铁钝化膜具有非晶态n型半导体特性。

高纯氮气退火处理对铁钝化多孔硅形貌的影响

退火处理对复合薄膜的形貌和结构都将产生较大的影响,对由水热腐蚀技术制得的铁钝化多孔硅进行高纯氮气(99.999 9%)下900℃退火3 h,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、XRD等分析手段对比研究了铁钝化多孔硅在退火前与退火后的结构变化特点.发现在微米层次上,退火后的多孔硅样品基本保持了退火前样品表面的规则阵列排布形式;在纳米层次上,退火后样品表面的硅柱仍呈多孔状,但孔壁的硅晶粒长大,平均晶粒尺寸由退火前的5 nm长大为退火后的17.2 nm.

水热腐蚀时间对铁钝化多孔硅表面形貌和光致发光的影响

采用水热腐蚀法制备了4个腐蚀时间不同的铁钝化多孔硅样品,铁钝化多孔硅样品表面呈海绵结构,随着腐蚀时间增加,样品表面的平整度下降,腐蚀孔尺寸差别有增大的趋势。在250nm光激发下,样品发光峰位于620nm附近,半峰全宽约130nm。腐蚀时间从10min增加到40min,4个样品的发光峰并未出现定向的红移或蓝移。结合样品傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱的结果,铁钝化多孔硅的光致发光行为可归因于量子限制-发光中心作用,相应的辐射复合发光中心为非桥氧空穴。

铁钝化多孔硅的水热制备法及其光致发光特性

利用水热技术原位制备出铁钝化多孔硅样品，并对其发光特性进行了测试。样品具有较强的光致发光强度，而且在室温空气存放过程中其发光强度不发生衰减，发光峰位不发生蓝移。上述发光特性归因于样品表面形成的良好铁钝化。

多孔硅还原铜纳米复合薄膜的微结构研究

利用扫描电镜(SEM)、XRD等分析手段对比研究了铁钝化多孔硅在沉积前与沉积后的结构变化特点以及沉积时间对所沉积的铜薄膜结构的影响.在浸渍一定时间后,铜/铁钝化多孔硅纳米复合薄膜继承了新鲜制备的铁钝化多孔硅的结构特点,同时,随着反应时间的延长,铜的沉积量逐渐增加,铜纳米颗粒的平均晶粒尺寸逐渐长大.

多孔硅制备方法的进展

主要对当今材料研究的一个国际前沿课题新的硅基材料——多孔硅,其最早的制备方法、改进后的制备方法以及我国近年在该研究领域所取得的突破性成果原位铁钝化水热制备新技术的发明进行系统的论述。

Effect of arsenopyrite on thiosulfate leaching of gold

Arsenopyrite was artificially added into the thiosulfate leaching solution to clarify the role of arsenopyrite on the thiosulfate leaching of gold.The effect of arsenopyrite on the thiosulfate leaching of gold was studied by the thermodynamic calculation,mineral dissolution test,leaching test and XPS analysis.The results show that the thiosulfate consumption slightly increases with increasing the concentration of arsenopyrite,but the gold dissolution is obviously hindered.This may mainly attribute to the catalytic effect of arsenopyrite on the thiosulfate decomposition and the formation of passivation layer on the gold foil surface.The passivation layer likely consists of Cu2S or Cu（S2O3）35-,element S,FeOOH and iron arsenate,which is deduced from the XPS analysis.However,the negative effect of arsenopyrite can be eliminated by adding additives.It is found that both additives of sodium carboxymethyl（CMC） and sodium phosphate（SHPP） can not only decrease the thiosulfate consumption but also improve the gold dissolution.

Surface characterization of chalcopyrite interacting with Leptospirillum ferriphilum

The alteration of surface properties of chalcopyrite after biological conditioning with Leptospirillum ferriphilum was studied by adsorption,zeta-potential,contact angle and bioleaching tests.The strains of L.ferriphilum cultured using different energy sources（either soluble ferrous ion or chalcopyrite） were used.The adhesion of bacteria to the chalcopyrite surface was a fast process.Additionally,the adsorption of substrate-grown bacteria was greater and faster than that of liquid-grown ones.The isoelectric point（IEP） of chalcopyrite moved toward that of pure L.ferriphilum after conditioning with bacteria.The chalcopyrite contact angle curves motioned diversely in the culture with or without energy source.The results of X-ray diffraction patterns（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDS） analysis indicate that the surface of chalcopyrite is covered with sulfur and jarosite during the bioleaching process by L.ferriphilum.Furthermore,EDS results imply that iron phase dissolves preferentially from chalcopyrite surface during bioleaching.The copper extraction is low,resulting from the formation of a passivation layer on the surface of chalcopyrite.The major component of the passivation layer that blocked continuous copper extraction is sulfur instead of jarosite.

Effect of iron transformation on Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bio-leaching of clay vanadium residue

The acid bio-leaching process of vanadium extraction from clay vanadium water-leached residue was studied and the effect of the performance of iron transformation was investigated.Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans affects the dissolution of vanadium through the catalytic effect on Fe^3+/Fe^2+couple and material exchange.The passivation of iron settling correlates with ferrous ion content in bio-leaching solution.In medium containing A.ferrooxidans and Fe(Ⅲ),the increment in Fe(Ⅱ)concentration leads to the formation of jarosite,generating a decline in vanadium extraction efficiency.Analysis of cyclic voltammetry shows that Fe(Ⅱ)ion is apt to be oxidized and translated into precipitate by A.ferrooxidans,which strongly adsorbed to the surface of the residue.Fe(Ⅲ)ion promotes the vanadium extraction due to its oxidizing activity.Admixing A.ferrooxidans to Fe(Ⅲ)medium elevates the reduction of low valence state vanadium and facilitates the exchange of substance between minerals and solution.This motivates 3.8%and 21.8%increments in recovery ratio and leaching rate of vanadium compared to the Fe(Ⅲ)exclusive use,respectively.Moreover,Fe(Ⅱ)ion impacts vanadium extraction slightly in sterile medium but negatively influences vanadium leaching in the presence of bacteria.

A Facile Surface Passivation of Hematite Photoanodes with Molybdate Overlayers for Efficient PEC Water Oxidation

α-Fe2O3 thin films have been synthesized and used as photoanodes for photo-electrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. Molybdate was introduced to mediate hematite thin films via two synthesis routes (namely in situin situ mediation and ex situ modification). Through the in situ mediation process, the morphology and film thickness could be changed significantly due to the addition of MoO42-, while for the ex situ modification, the PEC performance of the hematite has been greatly improved without changing the nanorod morphology. Various characterizations such as UV-Vis absorption, transmission electronic microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, Mott-Schottky, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were conducted and the PEC performances were investigated.

Dual Manipulation of Ferromagnetism in Co-Doped ZnO Thin Films by Surfactant and n-Type Carriers

We present a conceptually-new approach “dual manipulation effect” using the surfactant passivation and the electron carrier doping for mediating intrinsic ferromagnetism in Codoped ZnO dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS) thin films. The first-principles calculations show that the surface passivation by hydrogen serves as a magnetism switch for the Co-O-Co magnetic coupling at the surface of the thin film, and thus can control the spin polarization of the doped Co atoms. Meanwhile, the electron carrier doping can further function as an effective layerlike ferromagnetism mediator for the underneath layer. The dual manipulation effect sheds light on the essential magnetism origin of n-type Co:ZnO DMS thin films, and may be used as an alternative strategy for enhancing the ferromagnetism in other n-type DMS oxides thin films.

Formation of passivation film during pyrrhotite bioleached by pure L. ferriphilum and mixed culture of L. ferriphilum and A. caldus

Bioleaching and electrochemical experiments were conducted to evaluate pyrrhotite dissolution in the presence of pure L.ferriphilum and mixed culture of L. ferriphilum and A. caldus. The results indicate that the pyrrhotite oxidation behavior is the preferential dissolution of iron accompanied with the massive formation of sulfur in the presence of L. ferriphilum, which significantly hinders the leaching efficiency. Comparatively, the leaching rate of pyrrhotite distinctly increases by 68% in the mixed culture of L. ferriphilum and A. caldus at the 3rd day. But, the accumulated ferric ions and high p H value produced by bioleaching process can give rise to the rapid formation of jarosite, which is the primary passivation film blocking continuous iron extraction during bioleaching by the mixed culture. The addition of A. caldus during leaching by L. ferriphilum can accelerate the oxidation rate of pyrrhotite, but not change the electrochemical oxidation mechanisms of pyrrhotite. XRD and SEM/EDS analyses as well as electrochemical study confirm the above conclusions.