In this study, the flow characteristics and behaviors of virgin and recycled Inconel powder for powder-bed additive manufacturing （AM） were studied using different powder characterization techniques. The results rev...In this study, the flow characteristics and behaviors of virgin and recycled Inconel powder for powder-bed additive manufacturing （AM） were studied using different powder characterization techniques. The results revealed that the particle size distribution （PSD） for the selective laser melting （SLM） process is typically in the range from 15 μm to 63 μm. The flow rate of virgin Inconel powder is around 28 s·（50 g）^-1. In addition, the packing density was found to be 60%. The rheological test results indicate that the virgin powder has reasonably good flowability compared with the recycled powder. The inter-relation between the powder characteristics is discussed herein. A propeller was successfully printed using the powder. The results suggest that Inconel powder is suitable for AM and can be a good reference for researchers who attempt to pro- duce AM powders.展开更多
The effect of nickel oxide additive on the smelting behaviors of chromium-bearing vanadium titanomagnetite pellets(CVTP)was investigated while analyzing the transfer behavior of nickel in iron and slag.The results sho...The effect of nickel oxide additive on the smelting behaviors of chromium-bearing vanadium titanomagnetite pellets(CVTP)was investigated while analyzing the transfer behavior of nickel in iron and slag.The results show that when NiO added to CVTP increases from 0 to 6 wt.%,softening start temperature increases from 1148 to 1212℃,and the softening end temperature increases from 1280 to 1334℃;the melting start temperature increases from 1318 to 1377℃,and the dripping temperature decreases from 1558 to 1521℃.The pig iron comprises a compound of Fe-Ni-C.The slag structure depolymerizes with increasing nickel addition.The softening-melting behaviors of CVTP,the reduction of nickel into pig iron,and the depolymerization of slag structure indicate the feasibility of producing nickel-iron alloy through the blast furnace process.展开更多
位于美国西弗吉尼亚Hungington的特殊金属公司（Special Metal Corp．）开发出了一种镍基沉淀硬化合金，该合金称之为Incoloy 945，合金的最低屈服强度为860MPa（125ksi），并具有良好的冲击韧性。该合金是一种时效硬化镍-铁-铬合金，...位于美国西弗吉尼亚Hungington的特殊金属公司（Special Metal Corp．）开发出了一种镍基沉淀硬化合金，该合金称之为Incoloy 945，合金的最低屈服强度为860MPa（125ksi），并具有良好的冲击韧性。该合金是一种时效硬化镍-铁-铬合金，在该合金中添加了钼，铜，铌，钛和铝。展开更多
The fretting wear behavior of 0Cr20Ni32AlTi alloy was investigated with crossed cylinder contact under 80 N at 300 and 400 °C.Wear scar and debris were analyzed systematically by scanning electron microscopy and ...The fretting wear behavior of 0Cr20Ni32AlTi alloy was investigated with crossed cylinder contact under 80 N at 300 and 400 °C.Wear scar and debris were analyzed systematically by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results show that the friction logs are mixed fretting regime and gross slip regime with the magnitudes of displacement of 10 and 20 μm,respectively.Severe wear and friction oxidation occur on the material surface.A large number of granular debris produced in the fretting process can be easily congregated and adhered at the contact zone after repeated crushes.The resultant of friction oxidation is mainly composed of Fe3O4,Fe2O3,Cr2O3 and NiO.Temperature and friction are the major factors affecting the oxidation reaction rate.The fretting friction effect can enhance the oxidation reaction activity of surface atoms of 0Cr20Ni32AlTi alloy and reduce the oxidation activation energy.As result,the oxidation reaction rate is accelerated.展开更多
Boronizing was applied to Inconel 718. In order to obtain the optimal combination of strength and ductility, the borided Inconel 718 was subjected to standard heat treatment. This consists of solution treatment and th...Boronizing was applied to Inconel 718. In order to obtain the optimal combination of strength and ductility, the borided Inconel 718 was subjected to standard heat treatment. This consists of solution treatment and then a two-step aging treatment. The borided layer is composed of the compound layer and the boron diffusion zone. Because of the superior hardness of borides, the borided Inconel 718 exhibits a significant reduction in its wear rate and relatively low coefficient of friction （COF） compared with the unborided Inconel 718. The standard heat treatment efficiently promotes the diffusion of boron into the interior of the material and the generation of new borides （Fe2B, CrB）. The borided layer with standard heat treatment shows much better wear resistance due to the thicker borided layer （313.76 μm）.展开更多
Thermal fatigue and high temperature wear are the two principle failure mechanisms for thixoforming dies. Samples of Inconel 617 and Stellite 6 alloys were submitted to thermal cycling under conditions which approxima...Thermal fatigue and high temperature wear are the two principle failure mechanisms for thixoforming dies. Samples of Inconel 617 and Stellite 6 alloys were submitted to thermal cycling under conditions which approximate thixoforming of steels and to sliding wear tests at 750 ℃. The experimental results thus obtained were compared with those of the X32CrMoV33 hot work tool steel. The Inconel 617 and Stellite 6 samples are much more resistant to oxidation and to softening than the hot work tool steel, providing a superior resistance to thermal fatigue cracking. The wear resistance of the Inconel 617 and Stellite 6 alloys at 750 ℃ is also markedly superior. The adhesive oxides growing slowly on Inconel 617 and Stellite 6 alloys sustain the wear action without spalling and are claimed to be responsible for the superior wear resistance of these alloys at 750 ℃.展开更多
基金financial support provided by A*STAR Additive Manufacturing Centre (AMC) Initiative: Work package 1-High temperature materials development for 3D additive manufacturing (142680088)
文摘In this study, the flow characteristics and behaviors of virgin and recycled Inconel powder for powder-bed additive manufacturing （AM） were studied using different powder characterization techniques. The results revealed that the particle size distribution （PSD） for the selective laser melting （SLM） process is typically in the range from 15 μm to 63 μm. The flow rate of virgin Inconel powder is around 28 s·（50 g）^-1. In addition, the packing density was found to be 60%. The rheological test results indicate that the virgin powder has reasonably good flowability compared with the recycled powder. The inter-relation between the powder characteristics is discussed herein. A propeller was successfully printed using the powder. The results suggest that Inconel powder is suitable for AM and can be a good reference for researchers who attempt to pro- duce AM powders.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21908020,U1908226)。
文摘The effect of nickel oxide additive on the smelting behaviors of chromium-bearing vanadium titanomagnetite pellets(CVTP)was investigated while analyzing the transfer behavior of nickel in iron and slag.The results show that when NiO added to CVTP increases from 0 to 6 wt.%,softening start temperature increases from 1148 to 1212℃,and the softening end temperature increases from 1280 to 1334℃;the melting start temperature increases from 1318 to 1377℃,and the dripping temperature decreases from 1558 to 1521℃.The pig iron comprises a compound of Fe-Ni-C.The slag structure depolymerizes with increasing nickel addition.The softening-melting behaviors of CVTP,the reduction of nickel into pig iron,and the depolymerization of slag structure indicate the feasibility of producing nickel-iron alloy through the blast furnace process.
文摘位于美国西弗吉尼亚Hungington的特殊金属公司（Special Metal Corp．）开发出了一种镍基沉淀硬化合金，该合金称之为Incoloy 945，合金的最低屈服强度为860MPa（125ksi），并具有良好的冲击韧性。该合金是一种时效硬化镍-铁-铬合金，在该合金中添加了钼，铜，铌，钛和铝。
基金Project (51075342) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (2007CB714704) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘The fretting wear behavior of 0Cr20Ni32AlTi alloy was investigated with crossed cylinder contact under 80 N at 300 and 400 °C.Wear scar and debris were analyzed systematically by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results show that the friction logs are mixed fretting regime and gross slip regime with the magnitudes of displacement of 10 and 20 μm,respectively.Severe wear and friction oxidation occur on the material surface.A large number of granular debris produced in the fretting process can be easily congregated and adhered at the contact zone after repeated crushes.The resultant of friction oxidation is mainly composed of Fe3O4,Fe2O3,Cr2O3 and NiO.Temperature and friction are the major factors affecting the oxidation reaction rate.The fretting friction effect can enhance the oxidation reaction activity of surface atoms of 0Cr20Ni32AlTi alloy and reduce the oxidation activation energy.As result,the oxidation reaction rate is accelerated.
基金Projects(2011CB013402,201303002,2014028002)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘Boronizing was applied to Inconel 718. In order to obtain the optimal combination of strength and ductility, the borided Inconel 718 was subjected to standard heat treatment. This consists of solution treatment and then a two-step aging treatment. The borided layer is composed of the compound layer and the boron diffusion zone. Because of the superior hardness of borides, the borided Inconel 718 exhibits a significant reduction in its wear rate and relatively low coefficient of friction （COF） compared with the unborided Inconel 718. The standard heat treatment efficiently promotes the diffusion of boron into the interior of the material and the generation of new borides （Fe2B, CrB）. The borided layer with standard heat treatment shows much better wear resistance due to the thicker borided layer （313.76 μm）.
文摘Thermal fatigue and high temperature wear are the two principle failure mechanisms for thixoforming dies. Samples of Inconel 617 and Stellite 6 alloys were submitted to thermal cycling under conditions which approximate thixoforming of steels and to sliding wear tests at 750 ℃. The experimental results thus obtained were compared with those of the X32CrMoV33 hot work tool steel. The Inconel 617 and Stellite 6 samples are much more resistant to oxidation and to softening than the hot work tool steel, providing a superior resistance to thermal fatigue cracking. The wear resistance of the Inconel 617 and Stellite 6 alloys at 750 ℃ is also markedly superior. The adhesive oxides growing slowly on Inconel 617 and Stellite 6 alloys sustain the wear action without spalling and are claimed to be responsible for the superior wear resistance of these alloys at 750 ℃.
