Soil contaminated with typical heavy metals (Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn) was remedied by using the polymeric aluminum salt coagulants including polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and polyaluminum sulfate (PAS).The remediation efficienc...Soil contaminated with typical heavy metals (Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn) was remedied by using the polymeric aluminum salt coagulants including polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and polyaluminum sulfate (PAS).The remediation efficiencies are influenced by reaction time,water amount,and dosage of remediation agent.The optimal remediation conditions are as follows:6 h of reaction time,1 kg/kg of water addition amount,and 0.25 kg/kg of remediation agent dosage.After PAC addition,the remediation efficiencies of diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn reach 88.3%,85.1%,85.4%,and 73.7%,respectively;and those for PAS are 89.7%,88.7%,83.5%,and 72.6%,respectively.The main remediation mechanism of the polymeric aluminum salt may contribute to the ionization and hydrolysis of PAC and PAS.H + released from ionization of polymeric aluminum salt can cause the leaching of heavy metals,while the multinuclear complex produced from hydrolysis may result in the immobilization of heavy metals.For PAC,the immobilization of heavy metals is the main remediation process.For PAS,both leaching and immobilization are involved in the remediation process of heavy metals.展开更多
The indirect influence of heavy metal contamination of soil on nutrient availability, an important aspect of soil quality, may need to be taken into consideration when determining overall effects of heavy metals. A la...The indirect influence of heavy metal contamination of soil on nutrient availability, an important aspect of soil quality, may need to be taken into consideration when determining overall effects of heavy metals. A laboratory experiment was performed to study the effects of combined pollution of Cu, Ph, Zn and Cd on soil K status as indicated by chemical fractions, adsorption-desorption and quantity/intensity (Q/I) relationship of K in a Typic Udic Ferrisol (generally called red soil), by employing uniform design and single factor design. Compared to the control, content of exchangeable K was decreased, but that of soluble K increased in the samples contaminated with heavy metals. Due to heavy metal pollution, potassium adsorption was reduced by 5% to 22%, whereas the desorption percentage of adsorbed K increased by 2% to 32%. The Q/I curves shifted downward, potassium buffering capacity (PBCK) decreased, and equilibrium activity ratio values (ARoK) increased with increasing heavy metal pollution. These influences followed the sequences of Ph>Cu>Zn and combined pollution>single one. Displacement of K from canon exchange sites and decrease in soil CEC due to heavy metals should be responsible for the changes of soil K behaviours. The findings suggest that heavy metal pollution of soil might aggravate the degradation of soil K fertility by decreasing K adsorption and buffering capacity and increasing desorption.展开更多
A study was conducted to examine the effect of heavy metals (Cu,Pb, Zn and Cd in combination or alone) on the equilibrium andkinetics of phosphorus (P) retention in typic udic ferrisols by usingboth equilibrium and fl...A study was conducted to examine the effect of heavy metals (Cu,Pb, Zn and Cd in combination or alone) on the equilibrium andkinetics of phosphorus (P) retention in typic udic ferrisols by usingboth equilibrium and flow techniques. Fourteen soil samples withvarying artificial contamination of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd were prepared.Heavy metal pollution led to increases in retention capacity andmaximum buffering capacity (MBC) of soil P. The rate of P retentionwas also increased and the time to reach equilibrium was advanced byheavy metals addition.展开更多
This paper reports the absorption, accumulation, distribution and cycle of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni in S. apetala + S. caseolaris, mangrove community at Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve of Shenzhen. The Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and...This paper reports the absorption, accumulation, distribution and cycle of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni in S. apetala + S. caseolaris, mangrove community at Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve of Shenzhen. The Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni contents in forest soil increase from bottom to surface layers, and the storage of the five heavy metals in the surface layer (depth 0 ~ 30 cm) is Zn > Pb > Ni > Cr > Cu. The concentration ability is S. caseolaris > S. apetala > K. candel. The existing accumulation of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni in the community μis 23 019.63g/m2μ, 23 429.66g/m2μ, 117 870.42g/m2μ, 6 835.80g/m2μ, and 12 995.22g/m2μ, respectively. The annual absorption is 6 592.57g/m2μ, 2 664.80g/m2μ, 23 123.56g/m2μ, 853.24g/m2μ, and 1 990.95g/m2, respectively. The annual return is μ3 179.50g/m2μ, 1 300.65g/m2μ, 7 401.31g/m2μ, 398.99g/m2μ, and 646.20g/m2, respectively. The annual net retention accumulation of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni in the community is 3 413.07μg/m2, 1 364.15μ g/m2, 15 722.25μg/m2, 454.25μg/m2, and μ1 344.75g/m2, respectively. The turn over periods of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni are 8,19,15,18 and 21 years, respectively.展开更多
基金Project(K1201010-61)supported by the Science and Technology Program of Changsha,ChinaProject(51074191)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012BAC09B04)supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program,China
文摘Soil contaminated with typical heavy metals (Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn) was remedied by using the polymeric aluminum salt coagulants including polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and polyaluminum sulfate (PAS).The remediation efficiencies are influenced by reaction time,water amount,and dosage of remediation agent.The optimal remediation conditions are as follows:6 h of reaction time,1 kg/kg of water addition amount,and 0.25 kg/kg of remediation agent dosage.After PAC addition,the remediation efficiencies of diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn reach 88.3%,85.1%,85.4%,and 73.7%,respectively;and those for PAS are 89.7%,88.7%,83.5%,and 72.6%,respectively.The main remediation mechanism of the polymeric aluminum salt may contribute to the ionization and hydrolysis of PAC and PAS.H + released from ionization of polymeric aluminum salt can cause the leaching of heavy metals,while the multinuclear complex produced from hydrolysis may result in the immobilization of heavy metals.For PAC,the immobilization of heavy metals is the main remediation process.For PAS,both leaching and immobilization are involved in the remediation process of heavy metals.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 49631010 and 49771048),China Postdoctor Science Foun
文摘The indirect influence of heavy metal contamination of soil on nutrient availability, an important aspect of soil quality, may need to be taken into consideration when determining overall effects of heavy metals. A laboratory experiment was performed to study the effects of combined pollution of Cu, Ph, Zn and Cd on soil K status as indicated by chemical fractions, adsorption-desorption and quantity/intensity (Q/I) relationship of K in a Typic Udic Ferrisol (generally called red soil), by employing uniform design and single factor design. Compared to the control, content of exchangeable K was decreased, but that of soluble K increased in the samples contaminated with heavy metals. Due to heavy metal pollution, potassium adsorption was reduced by 5% to 22%, whereas the desorption percentage of adsorbed K increased by 2% to 32%. The Q/I curves shifted downward, potassium buffering capacity (PBCK) decreased, and equilibrium activity ratio values (ARoK) increased with increasing heavy metal pollution. These influences followed the sequences of Ph>Cu>Zn and combined pollution>single one. Displacement of K from canon exchange sites and decrease in soil CEC due to heavy metals should be responsible for the changes of soil K behaviours. The findings suggest that heavy metal pollution of soil might aggravate the degradation of soil K fertility by decreasing K adsorption and buffering capacity and increasing desorption.
基金Project jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49771048) and theLaboratory of Material Cyc
文摘A study was conducted to examine the effect of heavy metals (Cu,Pb, Zn and Cd in combination or alone) on the equilibrium andkinetics of phosphorus (P) retention in typic udic ferrisols by usingboth equilibrium and flow techniques. Fourteen soil samples withvarying artificial contamination of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd were prepared.Heavy metal pollution led to increases in retention capacity andmaximum buffering capacity (MBC) of soil P. The rate of P retentionwas also increased and the time to reach equilibrium was advanced byheavy metals addition.
文摘This paper reports the absorption, accumulation, distribution and cycle of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni in S. apetala + S. caseolaris, mangrove community at Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve of Shenzhen. The Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni contents in forest soil increase from bottom to surface layers, and the storage of the five heavy metals in the surface layer (depth 0 ~ 30 cm) is Zn > Pb > Ni > Cr > Cu. The concentration ability is S. caseolaris > S. apetala > K. candel. The existing accumulation of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni in the community μis 23 019.63g/m2μ, 23 429.66g/m2μ, 117 870.42g/m2μ, 6 835.80g/m2μ, and 12 995.22g/m2μ, respectively. The annual absorption is 6 592.57g/m2μ, 2 664.80g/m2μ, 23 123.56g/m2μ, 853.24g/m2μ, and 1 990.95g/m2, respectively. The annual return is μ3 179.50g/m2μ, 1 300.65g/m2μ, 7 401.31g/m2μ, 398.99g/m2μ, and 646.20g/m2, respectively. The annual net retention accumulation of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni in the community is 3 413.07μg/m2, 1 364.15μ g/m2, 15 722.25μg/m2, 454.25μg/m2, and μ1 344.75g/m2, respectively. The turn over periods of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni are 8,19,15,18 and 21 years, respectively.