鸡粪等有机肥料的养分释放及对土壤有效铜、锌、铁、锰含量的影响

采用室内培养法研究鸡粪、牛粪和猪粪等畜禽有机肥料的矿化率和速效氮、磷、钾养分释放特性,并探讨施用有机肥料对土壤有效铜、锌、铁、锰含量的影响。结果表明,鸡粪、牛粪和猪粪等畜禽有机肥料当季(120d)有机碳矿化率分别为87．5％、71．9％和55．4％,碱解氮释放量分别为39．9％、20．6％和35．3％,速效磷释放量分别为24．6％、61．3％和34．8％,速效钾释放量分别为78．8％、36．8％和41．5％。供试条件下土壤有效铜、锰含量增加,但有效锌含量降低,施用鸡粪可使土壤有效铁含量增加,而施用牛粪和猪粪则使土壤有效铁含量降低。

流溪河水库林区常绿阔叶林锌铜锰铁累积和循环

从流溪河水库林区常绿阔叶林入手,探讨锌、铜、锰、铁4种微量元素的生物循环,了解常绿阔叶林生态系统的特点,可为常绿阔叶森林的经营和管理提供理论依据。

测定土壤有效铜、锌、铁、锰采用DTPA与M3提取的比较实验

对山西省晋南不同肥力的土样分别采取DTPA与M3提取,用原子吸收法测定土壤中的有效铜、锌、铁、锰。对比分析结果表明,M3提取剂提取土壤有效铜、锌、铁、锰测定值的重现性好、稳定性强。经相关分析,铜、锌、铁的提取测定值与DTPA提取测定值之间呈显著的线性关系,用换算值代替常规分析值指导测土配方施肥,可加快测土配方施肥工作速度。

分光光度法测定有机肥料中铜、铁、锌、锰含量

探索用分光光度法测定有机肥料中的微量元素铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)含量,并研究了显色反应的酸度条件、干扰因素及消除方法。该检测方法简单快速,可应用于有机肥生产企业中微量元素铜、铁、锌、锰的测定。

等离子发射光谱法同时测定西红柿叶标样(ESP-1)中铜、锌等含量

采用微波消解技术对西红柿叶标准样品(ESP-1)进行前处理,用等离子发射光谱法同时测定西红柿叶标准样品(ESP-1)中铜、锌、铁、锰、铅、镉的含量,结果表明:该方法快速准确,对同时测定植物样品以及其它固体样品中多种金属元素的含量具有很好的参考价值.

ICP-MS方法测定糖尿病患者全血中铬、锰、铜等6种微量元素的研究

文章建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP/MS）在氦模式下结合简单样品前处理方法同时测定糖尿病患者全血中铬、锰、铜、锌、硒和碘的方法，其中，全血样品采用0.7mM氨水+0.07%TritonX-100溶液进行直接稀释，然后直接上机测定。结果表明：采用此方法，各元素的加标回收率均在80%~120%之间，准确度较高；方法重复性均<5%；糖尿病患者于对照组比较这6种元素含量差异较明显。

铁、锰、铜、锌混合标准溶液系列稳定性探讨

为了提高检测质量,确保检测结果的准确性,标准规定元素标准溶液浓度为1μg/ml-10μg/ml或适当浓度的标准工作液保存在0℃-5℃冰箱中,有效期为1个月[1],此规定中的适当浓度概念比较模糊,在日常监测工作中,铁、锰、铜、锌测定频率较高,经常使用浓度低于1μg/ml的标准使用液,每次实验均需分别配制标准系列,既耗时又费力,且标准溶液价格较贵,从而导致实验成本大量增加。

溶栓疗法对急性心肌梗死患者血清中铁锌铜锰硒含量变化的研究

对 34例急性心肌梗死患者 ,给予溶栓治疗。测定其血清中必需微量元素的含量。结果显示 :患者治疗前血清铁、锌、铜含量升高 ,而锰和硒含量降低 ;与对照组比较 ,二者差异有高度显著性 ,P <0 0 1;而治疗后血清铁、锌、铜、锰的含量均出现降低 ,硒的含量则出现升高 ,与治疗前比较 ,二者差异有显著性或有高度显著性(P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。

不同溶样方法对火焰原子吸收法测定的影响

通过采用干灰化消化法和微波密闭消解法对菊花样品进行处理,用火焰原子吸收分光光度计对菊花中的Cu、Zn、Mn3种元素进行测定,计算不同溶样方法的测定值和相对标准偏差。以研究不同溶样方法对测定菊花中Cu、Zn、Mn3种元素的影响。结果显示,微波-密闭消解法效果好,精密度好,相对标准偏差较低,样品处理操作简便、省时;干灰化消化法处理过程繁琐,易产生误差,方法重现性差。测定菊花等植物样品中微量金属元素,微波-密闭消解法是较好的溶样方法。

石墨消解法—ICP-MS同时测定土壤中的六种元素

建立了石墨消解法进行土壤前处理,用电感耦合等离子-质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定土壤标准物质中铅、镉、铬、铜、锌、锰六种元素的含量。该前处理方法减少了消化过程中元素的损失,研究了六种元素的校准曲线、检出限、精密度和准确度,测定值均在土壤标准物质的标准值允许误差范围之内,精密度都在10%以下。具有简便、快速、灵敏、稳定、准确等优点,适用于大批量土壤样品中多种元素的同时测定。

同一固废全消解液中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Mn的原子吸收光谱测定方法研究

建立了固废中包括Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和Mn等5种微量、痕量有害金属元素的原子吸收光谱测定方法。试验对微波消解条件、称样量、测定介质与仪器条件等进行了研究,试样经HNO3-HF微波消解,HClO4破坏有机质,在选定的试验条件下,使用原子吸收光谱仪对同一份样品中的痕量元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和Mn进行连续测定。在仪器最佳工作条件下,方法检出限为:Cu0.037mg/L,Pb0.294mg/L,Zn0.030mg/L,Cd0.015mg/L,Mn0.022mg/L。相对标准偏差(RSD):Cu为3.1%,Pb为2.5%,Zn为4.0%,Cd为6.6%,Mn为4.2%。经过国家一级标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合较好。方法操作简单、可靠,可用于批量样品分析。

番茄对氮磷钾及中微量元素的吸收规律研究

通过田间试验研究了番茄生长过程中对氮、磷、钾及中微量元素的吸收分配规律。通过试验,测定番茄各个时期根系、茎秆、叶片、果实中氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌的含量,旨在发现番茄各时期矿质元素的吸收规律。研究表明:随番茄生长发育的进行,氮、磷、钾及中微量元素在根、茎、叶中的分配率均呈降低的趋势,而果实中各元素分配率持续提高。至番茄成熟期果实中氮、磷、钾分配率分别达44.89%、56.73%、54.25%,钙、镁分配率分别达19.9%、53.9%,铁、锰、铜、锌分配率分别达31.8%、19.0%、27.8%、9.0%。番茄全生育期吸收钾最多,氮次之,磷最少,全生育期对氮、磷、钾吸收比例为3.0∶1.0∶4.7;对钙、镁吸收比例为8.1∶1;番茄全生育期对铁需求较大,锌、锰次之,铜最少,吸收比例为38.6∶2.9∶1∶2.0。

Distribution of Soil Zinc，Iron，Copper and Manganese Fractions and Its Relationship with Plant Availability

The distribution of various fractions of Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn in 15 types of sods in China and its rela-tionship with plant availability were studied. Wactions of various elements were found to have some similarcharacteristic distribution regularities in wirious types of soils, but various soil types derered to varyingdegrees in the distribution of each fraction. Soil physico-chemical properties, such as pH, CEC and thecontents of OM, CaCO_3, free Fe, free Mn and P_2O_5, were signdicantly correlated with the distribution ofelemental fractions, and a significazit correlation also existed between the distribution and plant amilabilityof elemental fractions. Varfous fractions of each element were divided into two groups bed on their plantavailability. The correlation between the distribution of combination fractions aiid plaxit availability indi-cated a significantly or an extremely significantly positive correlation for Group I but a significantly or anextremely significantly negative correlation for Group II. Therefore, the fractions in Group I were primarypools of available nutrients, while those in Group II could hardly provide available nutrients for plants. Descreasing the transformation of corresponding elements into fractions of Group 11 and increasing the storagecapacity of various fractions of Group I were an important direction for regulation and controiling of soilnutrients. However, some Particular soils with too high contents of Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn should be regulatedand controlled adversely

Effects of Copper and Manganese on Hemocyte Apoptosis and Antagonism of Iron and Zinc in Oreochromis niloticus

This study aimed to investigate the effects of copper and manganese on hemocyte apoptosis and the antagonism of iron and zinc in Oreochromis niloticus The heavy metal contents in fish blood and feed were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and the hemocyte apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. A total of 360 tilapias were selected, and they were divided randomly and evenly into 12 groups. In the challenge groups, the tilapias were fed with con stant-level copper sulfate（0, 200 mg/kg） and manganese sulfate（0, 120 mg/kg）; in the antagonism groups, the tilapias were fed with constant-level zinc sulfate（20320 mg/kg） and iron sulfate（150, 350 mg/kg）. After 20-week aquaculture, the hemocyte apoptosis rates in the copper and manganese groups were significantly increased; with the increased addition levels of iron and zinc, the hemocyte apopto sis rates in the iron and zinc groups were significantly reduced, but they were stil higher than that in the control group. In conclusion, excessive copper and manganese can cause apoptosis in hemocytes of O. niloticus. However, the toxic effects of copper and manganese can be antagonized by iron and zinc.

Spatial Differentiation of Elements in Soils on Red-Earthy Hill Landscape of Central China

Samples of 21 soil profiles and 165 top soils from an area of approximate 1.5km^2 on red-earthy hill landscape were collected and analysed.The content of Ca,Mg,K,P,Fe,Mn,Zn and Cu in soils relate with the kind of parent material and the position of topography,however,there is great variation due to the local difference of the form of soil utilization.From the difference in spatial distribution of elements content,it is believed that eight kinds of elements are lost by chemical leaching and physical translocation,meanwhile some are added (such as Ca,P,K,Mg) and some mobilized (such as Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu and P) through cultivation,fertilization and irrigation in the soils on the landscape investigated.The sectional differentiation in abundance or deficiency of elements in top soils on the landscape investigated is distinct,which is important for carrying out agricultural management and reasonable fertilization according to local conditions.

Growth Responses of Trees to Micronutrients and Their Feedback Effect in Various Soil-Forest Ecosystems of Taihu Lake Region

Vector analysis technique and ecological sequential comparison methods were adopted to study tree growth response to the micronutrients, B, Mo, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn, in soils derived from various parent materials in the forest area of Taihu Lake region in southeast China. The results showed that the dry weight of individual current-year needle of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) grown on the soi1 derived from granite parent rock was increased by 8% and 13% in comparison with that grown on the soils derived from sandstone and ash-tuff parent rock, respectively. And such dry weight of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) grown on the soil derived from sandstone parent rock was increased by 21% in comparison with that on the soil derived from ash-tuff parent rock. One of the reasons for those results was that micronutrients content in the soil derived from ash-tuff parent rock were not sufficient to meet the requirement of the growth of Chinese fir and loblolly pine, i.e., micronutrients in soil were deficient and/or induced deficient. The amounts of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn uptake by Chinese fir and loblolly pine were in agreement with the contents of available micronutrients in soil respectively, except for B and Mo. Meanwhile, there might exist an "antagonism" between the uptake of B versus Mo by trees, although more studies are needed to confirm it. Regression analysis indicated that amount of a soil available micronutrient was correlated to the type of parent material and its total amount in the forest floor, except for B. The F test identified that the correlation of each equation reached the significant level to different extents, respectively. The t test confirmed that amount of available forms was mainly depended on the type of parent material for Mo, Cu, Zn and Mn but on the forest floor for Fe. There was a feedback effect of forest stand on the amount of soil available micronutrients. The ability of accumulating available micronutrients in soil was better by the sawtooth oak (Quercus acutissima) stand than by the Chinese fir stand (except for B). The ability of accumulating available Zn, Fe, Mn and Mo in soil was better by the Chinese fir stand than by the loblolly pine stand, while as for available B and Cu, by the latter was better than by the former. When discussing the effect of forest stand on the amount of soil available micronutrients, not only the amount of micronutrient in the forest floor and the parent materials but also the amount of micronutrient taken up by current-year needles have to be considered.

Removal of Heavy Metals （Copper, Manganese and Zinc） from Industrial Wastewater of Baiji Refinery by Granular Activated Carbon

The aim of the present work is to remove heavy metals （copper, manganese, and zinc） from industrial wastewater of Baiji refinery using GAC （granular activated carbon）. The most important factors affecting adsorption process have been studied, which are granular activated carbon thickness, H, inlet pollutant concentration, Cv, and liquid hourly space velocity, LHSV. All experiments were performed under constant temperature at 25℃ and pH = 7. The experimental apparatus was designed and constructed to enable controlling of the operating conditions. Employing five levels for each of H and LHSV and three levels for Co required 75 runs for each metal. Box-Wilson method was used to reduce the number of experiments to 15 for each metal. The results indicated that copper, manganese, and zinc can be completely removed from wastewater using activated carbon. However, breakthrough time for zinc is low. It is also shown that breakthrough time （TB） and exhaustion time （TE） are inversely proportional with pollutant concentration and LHSV （liquid hour space velocity） while it is directly proportional with the thickness of activated carbon column.

2021-2023年济南市济阳区生活饮用水检测结果分析

目的分析2021—2023年济阳区城乡生活饮用水检测结果,系统了解饮用水卫生基本状况,为加强饮用水安全管理工作提供依据和技术支持。方法根据《济南市城乡饮用水水质监测工作方案》选择济南市济阳区内的8个街道(含乡镇)为监测镇,2021—2023年连续3年采集济南市济阳区内生活饮用水样本合计60份,检测其铁、锰、铜、锌含量,并加以分析。结果监测镇内生活饮用水中铁、锰、铜、锌含量2021年、2022年均在国家标准范围内,符合饮用水卫生标准。2022年铁、锰含量有升高趋势,但仍在标准限值内。2023年有2个监测点(10%)的铁含量超出限值范围(0.30 mg/L),分别为2023S008号0.370 mg/L与2023S0019号0.420 mg/L。结论监测点内生活饮用水未被锰、铜、锌污染,但铁含量逐年升高,可能存在风险,应引起重视。

微波等离子体-原子发射光谱仪(MP-AES)测定葡萄酒中10种金属元素方法

采用常压消解-微波等离子体原子发射光谱仪（MP-AES）测定了葡萄酒中铅、镉、锰、铁、铜、锌、钒、铝、铬、镍10种金属元素,实验结果表明,标准曲线均有良好线性关系,10种元素方法回收率为85.0%-120.5%,RSD%为0.41%-3.12%。方法简便快捷、成本低廉。