Chicken manure was composted for 110 d to evaluate changes in organic carbon (C) and humic substance-complexed copper (HS-Cu) extracted with water,sodium hydroxide (NaOH),and sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hydroxide ...Chicken manure was composted for 110 d to evaluate changes in organic carbon (C) and humic substance-complexed copper (HS-Cu) extracted with water,sodium hydroxide (NaOH),and sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hydroxide mixture (Na 4 P 2 O 7-NaOH).The average HS-Cu content from the Na 4 P 2 O 7-NaOH extraction accounted for 46.8% of the total Cu in the compost,followed by those from the NaOH and water extractions,which accounted for 34.5% and 6% of the total Cu in the compost,respectively.NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7-extractable HS-Cu increased throughout the composting process.NaOH-extractable HS-Cu increased during the first 50 d of composting and then leveled off.Water-extractable HS-Cu enhanced during the first 21 d and then decreased.Water-extractable HS-Cu was not correlated to NaOH-or NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7-extractable organic C.The average amount of Cu leached from the compost was about 20% of the total Cu in the chicken manure and Cu leaching increased during the first 35 d of composting and then decreased.Leaching of Cu was significantly correlated to the concentrations of HS-Cu extracted with NaOH and water,but was not correlated to the concentration of HS-Cu extracted with NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7.Thus,NaOH-and water-extractable HS-Cu were relatively labile and NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7-extractable HS-Cu was relatively immobile.Composting process after rapid decomposition could result in low potential of Cu leaching because of formation of more NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7-extractable HS-Cu.展开更多
Experimental study was conducted to examine the effect of copper excess on the peripheral blood T-lymphocyte by the methods of flow cytometry （FCM） and experimental pathology. 420 one-day-old Avian chickens were ran...Experimental study was conducted to examine the effect of copper excess on the peripheral blood T-lymphocyte by the methods of flow cytometry （FCM） and experimental pathology. 420 one-day-old Avian chickens were randomly divided into seven groups, and fed on diets as follows： 1. controls （Cu 11mg/kg） and 2. copper excess （ Cu 100mg/kg, copper excess group Ⅰ; Cu 200mg/kg, copper excess group Ⅱ; Cu 30（hng/kg, copper excess group Ⅲ; Cu 400mg/kg, copper excess group Ⅳ; Cu 500mg/kg, copper excess group Ⅴ; Cu 600mg/kg, copper excess group VI） for six weeks. The results were as follows- 1 ） In thymus, lymphocytes in the medulla were decreased in number in copper excess groups Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ, and Ⅵ, and the increased and enlarged thymic corpuscles and the proliferated reticular cells were also observed in both copper excess group V and copper excess group VI in comparison with those of control group. 2） The percentage of CD4＋ T cells was markedly decreased from 2 to 6 weeks of age in copper excess groups Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ （P 〈0.05 or P 〈0.01）. 3） The percentage of CD8＋ T cell was not varied in six copper excess groups during the experiment when compared with that of control group （ P 〉 0.05 ）. 4） The CD4 ＋ / CD8＋ ratio was lower from 2 to 6 weeks of age in copper excess groups Ⅳ, Ⅴ and VI than in control group （ P 〈0.05 or P 〈0.01）. 5） It was concluded that dietary copper in excess of 300mg / kg suppressed the development of T-lymphocytes and reduced the percentage of CD4＋ T cells and the CD4＋/CD8＋ ratio, and resulted in pathological injury of the thymus. Cellular immune function was finally impaired.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2007BAD89B16)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39800093)+1 种基金the National Undergraduate Innovational Experimentation Program of Chinathe Youth Planning Program of Northwest A & F University,China
文摘Chicken manure was composted for 110 d to evaluate changes in organic carbon (C) and humic substance-complexed copper (HS-Cu) extracted with water,sodium hydroxide (NaOH),and sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hydroxide mixture (Na 4 P 2 O 7-NaOH).The average HS-Cu content from the Na 4 P 2 O 7-NaOH extraction accounted for 46.8% of the total Cu in the compost,followed by those from the NaOH and water extractions,which accounted for 34.5% and 6% of the total Cu in the compost,respectively.NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7-extractable HS-Cu increased throughout the composting process.NaOH-extractable HS-Cu increased during the first 50 d of composting and then leveled off.Water-extractable HS-Cu enhanced during the first 21 d and then decreased.Water-extractable HS-Cu was not correlated to NaOH-or NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7-extractable organic C.The average amount of Cu leached from the compost was about 20% of the total Cu in the chicken manure and Cu leaching increased during the first 35 d of composting and then decreased.Leaching of Cu was significantly correlated to the concentrations of HS-Cu extracted with NaOH and water,but was not correlated to the concentration of HS-Cu extracted with NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7.Thus,NaOH-and water-extractable HS-Cu were relatively labile and NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7-extractable HS-Cu was relatively immobile.Composting process after rapid decomposition could result in low potential of Cu leaching because of formation of more NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7-extractable HS-Cu.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30471304)the Sichuan Education Department(2002A002)Sichuan Scientific & Technical Department(03JY029-030-2)
文摘Experimental study was conducted to examine the effect of copper excess on the peripheral blood T-lymphocyte by the methods of flow cytometry （FCM） and experimental pathology. 420 one-day-old Avian chickens were randomly divided into seven groups, and fed on diets as follows： 1. controls （Cu 11mg/kg） and 2. copper excess （ Cu 100mg/kg, copper excess group Ⅰ; Cu 200mg/kg, copper excess group Ⅱ; Cu 30（hng/kg, copper excess group Ⅲ; Cu 400mg/kg, copper excess group Ⅳ; Cu 500mg/kg, copper excess group Ⅴ; Cu 600mg/kg, copper excess group VI） for six weeks. The results were as follows- 1 ） In thymus, lymphocytes in the medulla were decreased in number in copper excess groups Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ, and Ⅵ, and the increased and enlarged thymic corpuscles and the proliferated reticular cells were also observed in both copper excess group V and copper excess group VI in comparison with those of control group. 2） The percentage of CD4＋ T cells was markedly decreased from 2 to 6 weeks of age in copper excess groups Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ （P 〈0.05 or P 〈0.01）. 3） The percentage of CD8＋ T cell was not varied in six copper excess groups during the experiment when compared with that of control group （ P 〉 0.05 ）. 4） The CD4 ＋ / CD8＋ ratio was lower from 2 to 6 weeks of age in copper excess groups Ⅳ, Ⅴ and VI than in control group （ P 〈0.05 or P 〈0.01）. 5） It was concluded that dietary copper in excess of 300mg / kg suppressed the development of T-lymphocytes and reduced the percentage of CD4＋ T cells and the CD4＋/CD8＋ ratio, and resulted in pathological injury of the thymus. Cellular immune function was finally impaired.
